ARCHITECTURE OF CULTURALLY AND RELIGIOUSLY DIVERSE SPIRITUAL EDUCATIONAL COMPLEXES

The issue of finding the mechanisms for interaction between different cultures and religions is relevant today for many countries of the world. In the context of globalization, the establishment of intercultural ties is an extremely important process. Despite this, the issue of creating a comfortable multicultural environment for training tolerant, highly educated public and religious figures is still insufficiently researched. The objective of this study is to develop conceptual foundations for the formation of multicultural and polyreligious spiritual educational complexes as a new “universal” enlarged type of spiritual educational institution for representatives of various religions and confessions (Christian, Muslim, Jewish), as well as recommendations regarding their design, taking into account religious and confessional features. During the study, we used theoretical and empirical research methods. Based on that, the principles of the architectural and planning organization of a multicultural polyreligious spiritual educational complex are formulated, where all levels of spiritual education (primary, secondary, higher) and all functions necessary for comprehensive education, as well as intellectual and spiritual development, are presented in a holistic manner. It is concluded that the use of the developed and proposed scientific principles in the design of these objects will contribute to the formation of a harmonious multicultural and polyreligious educational environment.

HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS AS INDICATORS OF COMFORT OF HOUSING

The article considers the hygienic factors that form the comfort of living and affect the consumer properties of the living space. The processes of life of the population, its demographic and social reproduction are provided in the living environment, the material conditions of which determine the full value of these processes. Satisfaction of biological needs requires the availability of places for sleep, food, hygiene, recreation and is determined by the comfort and convenience of housing, adequate human connections with the natural environment. Regulation of hygienic factors of placement, planning, construction and operation of housing is a priority to ensure favorable living conditions. Improving the quality of human life is directly related to solving an important socio-economic problem - providing housing in accordance with modern requirements, which take into account the material, social, spiritual, household needs and physical capabilities of man. Comfortable housing takes into account anthropometric parameters, protects from adverse weather conditions, provides an optimal microclimate, appropriate conditions for work and rest, raising children, various household processes and more. Optimal room performance ensures the absence of additional human energy costs for adaptation and adaptation to external conditions and includes heat and humidity, insolation, aeration, cleanliness and freshness of air, visual and noise comfort. To create a comfortable home, it is necessary to take into account all the components of hygienic requirements when using a set of architectural, planning, sanitary and organizational measures that provide the normative values of living comfort and do not adversely affect human health. Hygienic indicators have a direct impact on the level of quality of residential buildings, providing individual living comfort and overall social efficiency of the population, are the main purpose of optimizing the design and construction of residential buildings.

FORMATION OF DRAINAGE PROJECTS TO CHANGE THE PURPOSE AS A MECHANISM TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF UNITED TERRITORAL COMMUNITY

The creation of united territorial communities took place in a hurry, is still going on, and often contrary to the requirements of the proposed methodology, which determines the norms according to which the optimal formation of a viable territorial community is possible. It should be noted that "capacity" is rather understood as an economic concept, while in the proposed methodology the focus was more on geographical and infrastructural indicators. Therefore, communities are often created and operate without complying with the requirements of the methodology, and as a result there is a significant differentiation between the levels of their capacity. The key issue for the territorial community to exercise its powers is closely related to the filling of its budget. This increases the interest of local governments in increasing revenues, finding reserves to fill them, improving the efficiency of administration of taxes and fees, and so on. One of the five eligibility criteria is community size. Most communities in this respect are landless with a high population density, sometimes with difficult natural conditions. This leads to the search for approaches to the efficient use of available land resources, the basis of which is almost everywhere the category of agricultural land. Very often, these lands contain objects that correspond to other categories of lands, in particular the nature reserve fund and other nature protection, recreational, health and historical and cultural purposes. This creates a number of problematic issues related to: reduction of land tax revenues; probable loss of useful properties due to improper use and practical complexity of the mechanism of protection of such objects. Alternatively, it is proposed to divide the land plots with the separation of such objects and change their purpose. The article reveals the expected effect of the implementation of such measures. Note that increasing the level of capacity of communities is the key to improving the success of the state.

SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL METHOD LAND ORDER FORMATION OF AGRICULTURE LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE

Peculiarities of natural conditions of the territory of Ukraine have historically determined mainly the agricultural use of its lands, the indirect consequence of which was the formation of agro-landscapes as a specific form of spatial realization of anthropogenic activity. The study of agrolandscapes, a comprehensive assessment of their condition and development trends, development and implementation of adequate land management solutions are a key task to avoid degradation, especially arable land. In the context of the above, the shortcomings of modern proposals and indicators for assessing the state of agricultural landscapes and their land management are considered and identified. Concerns about the recommendations of domestic scientists and practitioners to transform about 12 million hectares of arable land into other lands are justified. The motivation for this decision was the idea of excessive plowing of the territory of Ukraine, although world experience provides positive evidence of successful agriculture, even under such conditions. Allegations of insufficient study of the problem of land management formation of sustainable agrolandscapes are given. It is proposed to use the term "sustainable" for the agro-landscape, the state of which corresponds to the ecological and social-industrial conditions of land use. Systematic analysis of the structural components (lands) of the agro-landscape revealed the significant role of their interaction in creating and maintaining a microclimate favorable for crop production in adverse natural conditions. The legitimacy and expediency and practical efficiency of using the spatial-functional method of land management formation of the stability of agro-landscapes are substantiated.

ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS WHEN DESIGNING WIND POWER HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

The relevance of the study is associated with the need to determine scientifically based principles for the design of wind-powered high-rise buildings. The article analyzes the main climatic parameters affecting the design of wind-powered high-rise buildings. While current research focuses mainly on the technical performance and savings of wind power plants (WPPs), modeling wind energy potential based on the analysis of climatic parameters allows you to optimize design solutions taking into account the influence of the environment. For various stages of the design of the integration of wind turbines into a high-rise building, it is important to take into account the dimensions of climate systems (macro, meso and micro levels), based on the laws operating within certain territorial boundaries. The article discusses the macroclimatic indicators that determine the total energy resource of wind in the region. The influence of the parameters of the mesoclimate on the wind potential has been determined, in accordance with the characteristics of the natural and anthropogenic environment (relief, the presence of forests, proximity to water bodies, urban development). The parameters that clarify the energy potential of the wind at the microclimatic level, taking into account the location of the wind turbine in the building, have been investigated. As a result of the analysis, a diagram of the structure of preliminary modeling of the energy wind potential at various climatic levels in the design of wind turbines in high-rise buildings has been determined.

METHODS AND MEANS OF ENSURING THE INTEROPERABILITY OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE

Interoperability is one of the key characteristics of the national geospatial data infrastructure (NSDI), on which depends the effectiveness of the interaction of holders, producers and users of geospatial data in the network of geoportals. The article substantiates the methods and means of achieving a high level of interoperability of the components of the Ukraine NSDI on the basis of ensuring the consistency of geospatial data supplied by different data producers, standardization of metadata and interfaces of geoinformation services. It is established that the bases of the legislative and organizational level of interoperability are defined in the Law of Ukraine "On the national geospatial data infrastructure " and in the "Procedure for the operation of NSDI". To ensure the interoperability of the components of the Ukraine NSDI at the semantic and technical levels, it is necessary to develop a set of technical regulations that define common requirements for: composition and structure of metadata, interfaces and functions of geographic information services, compatibility of geospatial data sets, classification systems, coding and unique identification of geospatial objects, open data exchange formats. These technical regulations should be based on the consistent and comprehensive implementation of the methodology of the basic international standards of the ISO 19100 Geographic Information / Geomatics series, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed by the successful implementation of NSDI in many countries of the world.

TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF KYIV HOSPITAL NETWORK

The article examines the actual state of the hospital network in Kyiv, offers proposals for its further territorial development, which are based on the current and future needs and capabilities of residents and managers of the city, nearby settlements. The study is part of a comprehensive study of the problem of urban planning foundations of the territorial and spatial development of the system of healthcare institutions and is aimed at finding the optimization of the existing material fund of medical institutions. The city of Kyiv is the capital of our state and, at the same time, its largest city, which historically has the largest number of hospitals among Ukrainian cities. There are historical architectural monuments among Kyiv’s hospitals, but most of the facilities were built during the Soviet era in Ukraine according to typical industrial construction projects. The current state of the network of hospitals in Kyiv does not correspond to either the world indicators for the provision of beds per 100 thousand of the population (significantly exceeds), or the quality of medical care, or the comfortable conditions for the implementation of treatment. Unfortunately, Ukraine is not able (and it is not necessary) to maintain the functioning of all hospitals that were built before and during Soviet times - the number of the population has significantly decreased, medical standards have changed, and most importantly, it is necessary to develop a network of prehospital institutions. So, the article contains proposals for optimizing the hospital network of the city of Kyiv, which, on the one hand, are aimed at removing individual hospitals from mono-state funding, and on the other, expanding the possibilities of treating children in a larger number of city hospitals.

FORMATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE PROCESS OF CITY EVOLUTION - FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO MODERNISM

The processes of historical development of cities and formation of public spaces are considered. It is established that open public spaces have always been the basis for the formation of cities. In ancient times (Greece), the network of open-closed spaces was interpreted as the only public space of the city and was a sign of its democracy. With the strengthening of imperial power (Rome), the structure of public spaces becomes deterministic, with a certain direction of movement. In the Middle Ages there is a sacralization of space, which is replaced by its formalization in the Renaissance; further aestheticization of spaces intensifies, their new types appear. The era of modernism changed the spatial paradigm of the traditional city, which led to the loss of historically composed types of public spaces. At the same time, the modern era is characterized by the gradual convergence of external and internal space and their democratization.

ECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF CONSTRUCTION IN MODERN FOLK ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHEA ST UKRAINE

The article considers aspects of the search for alternative architectural and construction solutions in the private construction of a peasant's yard. It is proposed to ensure the appropriate level of energy and economic efficiency of buildings through the use of traditional for the folk architecture of North-Eastern Ukraine local environmentally friendly materials and construction techniques. Such techniques allow to achieve stylish national aesthetics and architectural expressiveness at the same time. The article examines the dynamics of changes in temperature parameters of the Sumy region for the period 2010-2020. which affect the architectural and planning decisions of buildings and structures. The conclusion about the tendency of the general increase of settlement temperatures of external air in the winter period is made. The general calculations of energy losses of the house from available local materials of a natural origin on heating on engineering maintenance are carried out. Examples of the use of such materials in private housing construction of farms in Sumy region are analyzed. The comparative characteristic of cost of a country house from ecological materials with cost of a usual modern private house of a middle class is resulted. The conclusion about the economic expediency of construction of small and average individual peasant cottage from local natural materials is made. The first is the ability to use available local materials at low prices. Secondly - the ability to independently perform a significant amount of simple construction work. Third - high energy efficiency and environmental safety of such a building. Fourth - a fairly high fire safety, durability and mechanical stability of building structures when applying the necessary protective measures. The integration of such buildings into modern the planning structure will diversify the architectural environment and create the national color of Ukrainian villages and towns.

TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND TRENDS

The article analyzes the current trends in urban development systems. As a result of identifying the main problems of urban development, groups of issues were formed, in particular, economic, social, environmental, social, psychological and technological aspects. Each of these blocks significantly affects the comfortable living of the population of large cities, as well as affects the sustainable development of territories. Problems of overpopulation, which create new socio-economic challenges and increase man-made impact on ecosystems, are the main problems of development of areas that have become the cause of other problematic aspects. The article analyzes the demographic processes of different regions of the world and their impact on the formation of megacities. It is determined that the largest cities in the world are formed in countries with the largest population and high population density. An analysis of the largest cities in the world by population, location and population density is given. according to the conducted analysis the preconditions defining tendencies of development of megacities are formed. In accordance with these prerequisites, a projection of the development of megacities by regions of the world depending on the current situation, factors influencing the development of urban systems and analysts' forecasts. According to these forecasts, urban trends in different regions of the world are analyzed. The map of the largest megacities of the world on the basis of which their territorial zoning is carried out is presented. The results of the study can be used to determine the prospects for the development of urban systems, finding ways for further urban development in the face of new challenges.