scholarly journals Argument is War Metaphor in the Qur’ān

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 66-86
Author(s):  
Sardaraz Khan ◽  
Roslan bin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
The Cross ◽  
War Metaphor ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Intrinsic Function ◽  
Conceptual Schemas

This paper investigates the experiential basis of the concept of ‘argument’ in the language of the Holy Qur’ān in order to explore the cross-era dimensions of war as the source domain for argument. Conceptual metaphor approach has been applied to the data collected from the Holy Qur’ān through the technique of topical words to find out metaphor themes of argument. The findings reveal that ARGUMENT IS WAR metaphor is missing in classical Arabic of the Holy Qur’ān. However, the concept of argument is framed by other metaphors such as container schema, objects, and personification. It also serves as source domain for the invocation to Allah SWT. The findings also show that language has an intrinsic function in metaphor comprehension. The paper suggests further research of classical Arabic literature to make some definite theoretical conclusions on ARGUMENT IS WAR metaphor, and to explore more basic conceptual schemas in cross-era languages.

Towards the Reappraisal of Classical Arabic Literature and History: Some Aspects of Tāhā Husayn's Use of Modern western Criteria

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Al-Nowaihi
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Fellow Citizen ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic

In modern Arabic scholarship, it would be difficult to find a hypothesis more implausible than that advanced by Tāhā Husayn in his fī‘l-’adab al-jāhilī. Yet it may be wondered whether any other book, written by a contemporary Arab, has had a comparable influence in changing the fundamental attitude of the Arab intelligentsia towards their classical literature and history. The unsoundness of the book's central assertion—that the bulk of pre-Islamic poetry was fabricated by Muslims, and portrays Islamic, rather than pre-Islamic, conditions and conceits—has been exposed by several critics, both native, in varying degrees of wrathful condemnation, and orientalist, with different approaches to conclusiveness. Of the latter, one at least, the late A. J. Arberry, had some pretty strong words to say, not of the Arab propagator of the fallacy, but of D. S. Margoliouth, who, in the same year 1926, had, as it happened, published identical views, supported by largely similar arguments. Said Arberry, introducing his stern refutation, “The sophistry — I hesitate to say dishonesty — of Professor Margoliouth's arguments is only too apparent, quite unworthy of a man who was undoubtedly one of the greatest erudites of his generation.” He went on to castigate Margoliouth's disregard of certain Qur'anic meanings and intentions of which “he must have been very well aware,” his “shocking misapplication of scholarship,” his “immodesty”, and the rest. Quite restrained criticism when compared to the diatribe which the Arab debaters poured on the heads of their fellow citizen and his presumed infidel mentor, but rather unusual in the serene Arcady of orientalism.

scholarly journals Change in Metaphorical Framing: Metaphors of TRade in 225 Years of State of the Union Addresses (1790–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Burgers ◽  
Kathleen Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Types Of Change ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe literature provides diverging perspectives on the universality and stability of economic metaphors over time. This article contains a diachronic analysis of economic metaphors describing trade in a corpus of 225 years of US State of the Union addresses (1790–2014). We focused on two types of change: (i) replacement of a source domain by another domain and (ii) change in mapping within a source domain. In our corpus, five source domains of trade were predominant: (i) PhysicalObject, (ii) Building, (iii) Container, (iv) Journey, and (v) LivingBeing. Only the relative frequency of the Container source domain was related to time. Additionally, mappings between source and target domains were mostly stable. Nevertheless, our analyses suggest that the Trade metaphors in our corpus are related to concreteness in a more nuanced way as typically assumed in conceptual metaphor theory: metaphors high in the concreteness dimension of physicality and low in the concreteness dimension of specificity are likeliest to be used over longer time periods, by providing communicators with freedom to adjust the metaphor to changing societal circumstances.

History in Adab Context: “The Book on Caliphal Histories” by Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih (246/860-328/940)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Toral-Niehoff
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Classical Arabic

In classical Arabic literature,adaband history are closely related. Collections such as al-Masʿūdī’sMurūj al-dhahab, Ibn Qutayba’sKitāb al-Maʿārifor theMuʿjam al-buldānby Yāqūt are proper hybrids of history andadab: History often includesadabapproaches, andadabregularly incorporates historicalakhbār. The multivolume encyclopediaal-ʿIqd al-farīd, “the Unique Necklace,” composed by the Andalusī Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih (246/860-328/940) fits very well into theadabideal of cultural broadness. In addition to numerous historical anecdotes, theʿIqd al-farīdincorporates a lengthy and very peculiar monographic section on caliphal history, an early example of history inadab. These passages have received little attention in the study of early Arabic historiography so far; however, they definitely deserve a closer investigation.

Introduction to Classical Arabic Literature

1977 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Sieglinde Kadhim ◽  
Ilse Lichtenstadter
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Classical Arabic

scholarly journals Le metafore di intensificazione in russo: la realizzazione linguistica del concetto di COMPLETEZZA

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Valentina Benigni
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Round Form

Adopting a data based approach, the study explores Russian intensifying metaphors of COMPLETENESS. A wide range of instantiations of the metaphor of COMPLETENESS is analyzed within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson 1980), comprising achievement of a result (soveršennyj idiot), filled container (nabityj durak) and round form (kruglyj otličnik). The contrastive perspective (Russian-English-Italian) provides new insights on the mapping of the source domain of COMPLETENESS onto the target domain of INTENSITY in different languages and cultures.

scholarly journals Estrangement and Selfhood in the Classical Concept of Waṭan

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaseen Noorani
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Primary Love

The modern Arabic term for national homeland, waṭan, derives its sense from the related yet semantically different usage of this term in classical Arabic, particularly in classical Arabic poetry. In modern usage, waṭan refers to a politically defined, visually memorialized territory whose expanse is cognized abstractly rather than through personal experience. The modern waṭan is the geopolitical locus of national identity. The classical notion of waṭan, however, is rarely given much geographical content, although it usually designates a relatively localized area on the scale of a neighborhood, town, or village. More important than geographical content is the subjective meaning of the waṭan, in the sense of its essential place in the psyche of an individual. The waṭan (also mawṭin, awṭān), both in poetry and other types of classical writing, is strongly associated with the childhood/youth and primary love attachments of the speaker. This sense of waṭan is thus temporally defined as much as spatially, and as such can be seen as an archetypal instance of the Bakhtinian chronotope, one intrinsically associated with nostalgia and estrangement. The waṭan, as the site of the classical self’s former plenitude, is by definition lost or transfigured and unrecoverable, becoming an attachment that must be relinquished for the sake of virtue and glory. This paper argues that the bivalency of the classical waṭan chronotope, recoverable through analysis of poetic and literary texts, allows us to understand the space and time of the self in classical Arabic literature and how this self differs from that presupposed by modern ideals of patriotism.

scholarly journals On the neo-Vedanta as reconceptualised by Vivekananda in his Complete Works: A cognitive linguistic analysis in light of Conceptual Metaphor Theory

Literator ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Naicker
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Metaphor Theory

This article investigates the use of metaphorical language in The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda (henceforth CW). Vivekananda is one of the most important modern-day Hindu scholars because his interpretation of ancient Hindu scriptural lore has been very influential. Vivekananda’s influence was part of the motivation for choosing his CW as the empirical domain for the current study. AntConc software was used to mine Vivekananda’s CW for water-related terms, which seemed to have a predilection for metaphoricity. Which terms to search for specifically was determined after a manual reading of a sample from the CW. The data were then tagged using a convention inspired by the well-known Metaphor Identification Procedure – Vrije University (MIPVU). Then, a representative sample of the data was chosen, and the metaphors were mapped and analysed thematically. Five of these are referred to in this article, but special emphasis is placed on the theme of the Vedanta philosophy as the basis for neo-Hinduism, which has become synonymous with contemporary Hinduism, with Yoga as the practical wing, and Vedanta as the ideological basis for the practice; this aspect is expounded upon in more detail. The study’s main aim was therefore to investigate whether Hindu religious discourse uses metaphors to explain abstract religious concepts in a specific way, and indeed one of the main findings was the pervasiveness of water as a source domain. Hence, the key finding in this article is that neo-Hindu thought, as reconceptualised by Vivekananda, relies heavily on the water frame (as is convention in the field of Cognitive Semantics, conceptual domains are written in upper case, including hypothetical frames and conceptual metaphors), which is not as pervasive in other religio-philosophical traditions.

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