The Satisfaction of the Users with the Islamic Design Quality in Instant Hospitals for Non-Critical Covid-19 Patients in Malaysia

Malaysia is currently going through its 3rd wave of Covid-19 and the cases have spiked up to nearly 4000/day. This has put an enormous pressure on the Malaysian healthcare system. Therefore, the Ministry of Health has come up with the idea of so-called “instant hospitals” to cope with the excessive number of patients, particularly non-critical Covid-19 patients. As a multi-racial country with Islam as the official religion, the Islamic Principles should be considered in the design of “instant hospitals” to promote Islamic awareness, strengthen the commitment to Islam and ultimately gain Allah’s mercy and forgiveness. The implementation of Islamic Principles in the design of these hospitals will enhance the healing process. The objective of this study is to identify the qualified personages to be selected as respondents and the criteria to implement Islamic design quality in an instant hospital or quarantine centre. This study sifts the satisfaction of the respondents on the basis of the criteria related to the implementation of Islamic design quality. This research has utilised the descriptive and survey-based method rooted in qualitative and quantitative research and supported by Media Content Analysis. From the analysis, new Islamic design criteria for hospitals has been outlined, which is consistent with the qualities in the Islamic Built Environment. The results will influence the Malaysian administrators and designers to develop a better hospital environment with the implementation of Islamic quality for the benefit of all the Malaysians.

Facebook and Hate speech: Analyzing Relationship between Consumers' Attributes and Islamic Sectarian Content on Social Media in Pakistan

Religious extremism has been one of the major areas of concern for communication scholars throughout the world. In Pakistan, the form of sectarian division on the ideological occasion of Muharram has always been observed. As a result, a lot of hate speech has been used on social media by the followers of Shia and Sunni sects. This study not only aims to determine a relationship between the demographics of the users who post the hateful materials on the social media regarding any sect, it also aspires to investigate whether the socio-economic background, education or gender plays any role in determining the level of hate speech against any sect. For this purpose, while drawing upon the theory of Uses and Gratification, a sample of 100 users of Facebook were surveyed through a questionnaire developed on 5- point Likert scale. It was found that the people from different sects like to post and share the sectarian hate speech. The study found that there was a strong relationship in the level of religiosity and posting of hate speech, however, the more the tilt towards religious practices, the more users post hateful speech on Facebook pages, Furthermore, it was also found that the education level and socio- economic status also play important role in this arena; the better they live (more household income and more study), the lesser they post such hateful material.

Maqasid Sharī‘ah -Based Multidimensional Criticism toward the Implementation of Indonesian Pre-Employment Card (Kartu Prakerja) Program Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic

Indonesia recognizes the magnitude of the economic impact of Covid-19 outbreak for the low, middle, and high levels. As a solution, the Government has issued the Pre-Employment Card (Kartu Prakerja) Program that provided for households or individuals affected by Covid-19. However, since its launch on April 11, 2020, the Pre-Employment Program has been controversial and criticized by users, public and public figures. Therefore, this research aims to sharpen the criticism of the Pre-Employment Program from the perspective of Maqasid Sharī‘ah which represents the main objectives of Islamic law, which is multidimensional, because it includes aspects of religion (hifz al-dīn), biopsychology (al-nafs), education (al-‘aql), social (al-nasl) and economic (al-mal). This research applied qualitative research methods of library research and presented in the form of descriptive-analytic. There are five findings of this research. First, from a religious perspective, the implementation of the Pre-Employment Program in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic brought more harm (mudarāt) than benefit (maslahat). Second, from the perspective of biopsychology, the Pre-Employment Program risks creating doubtful income (shubhat even haram), psychological pressure and nutritional needs neglect. Third, from an education perspective, online training which is part of the Pre-Employment Program, is considered ineffective, both in terms of training materials that do not produce job competence, or training participation which is at risk of fictitious. Fourth, from a social perspective, the Pre-Employment Program creates discriminatory policies, conflicts of interest and human rights violations. Fifth, from an economic perspective, the Pre-Employment Program creates waste, monopoly and the potential for corruption.

Tanslating Malay Compounds into Arabic Based on Dynamic Theory and Arabization Method

This study aims at making possible the effective use of machine translation (MT) in interpreting the Malay compounds into Arabic ones following the structure and Arabic style. The necessity of this study arises on account of the weakness of translation quality using online MT and the lack of suitable methods to structure the compounds from the Malay language into Arabic. There are three objectives of this study which are to collect the results of Malay compound translations using online MT into Arabic, analyze the results of the compound translations, and suggest compound translation methods based on dynamic theory and Arabization method. The study uses three online MT as instruments to translate: Google Translate, Microsoft Bing Translator, and Yandex Translator. This qualitative study employs a descriptive approach and analysis method in collecting information and analyzing data. The study focuses on 15 Malay compounds which are later categorized into school names, hospital names, and clinics. The findings of translation have been drawn using the next three MTs and analyzed at three main level: namely grammar level, phonetics and phonology level, and dynamic translation level. From this analysis, 4 out of 15 compound nouns translations data into Arabic are categorized as poor translations for not approaching the structure and Arabic style. In the final stages, the results of the translation collected are formulated and suggested alternative translations based on dynamic theory and methods of Arabization and compound restructuring formula in Arabic. Through this process, the translation results of the compounds can be categorized as translations that can meet the structure and style of the Arabic language. The compound translation model can be proposed as a new translation method for Arabic language users, especially the Arabic translators and students both at school and higher education.

Meaning and Accomplishment as Components of Wellbeing: A Study of Psychological Theories in the Light of Islamic Teachings

Meaningfulness and Accomplishment are two of the major components of life, which contribute to the wellbeing of individuals and societies. Social psychologists as well as thinkers from all generations have come up with benefits of having purpose in life and accomplishments along the way. Another tangent to these studies is the teachings of Islam, which not only focus on having a purposeful life and accomplishing the ultimate goal, but also they provide concrete and practical guidelines through which one can attain these components for the benefit of not only this worldly life but for the hereafter as well. This article analyzes these two components in the light of The Holy Qur’ān and Sunnah, and furnishes a framework for leading a purposeful, well accomplished life. The basic methodology used in this article is qualitative, and a comparison is drawn out between the Islamic and contemporary aspects of Meaning and Accomplishment, by citing examples from the life of the Prophet (SAW), his companions, and those who followed in their footsteps. The results show the undoubted supremacy of Islam in providing practical examples and implementation of both the elements of the PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) Model.

The Impact of Rumors in KSA and its Resolution as Stated in Hadith

The danger of rumor-mongering became familiar since Adam was expelled from AI-Jannah (Paradise). This led the researcher in this study to evaluate the position of people with regards to rumors and its effect on the society. This research adopted the typical approach to investigate the Prophet's traditions on rumors from the nine basic collections of hadith and analyze their texts to bring out the negative religious, social and economic effects of rumors on the individual and society. Also, this research used the questionnaire as one of the quantitative approach tools to attain precise results in the study that was conducted on Saudi Arabia by selecting several random samples to whom the questionnaires were distributed, and feedback was collected. (97%) of the total feedback collected was suitable for analysis. However, the questionnaire contained the aspects such as position of people regarding rumors and effect of rumors on the individual and society religiously, socially and economically. The study concluded that there are few numbers of people who pay attention to spreading every news they hear or read without verification. In the study, the researcher also discussed the religious, social and economic effects of rumors on the individual and society and it became clear that rumors affect the individual religiously, socially and economically at a (very low level). Also, the recommendations including: to conduct a careful and specialist study of this subject, to generalize the teachings of the dangers of rumor mongering in order to curtail it and to establish a specialized body to fight rumormongering.

System of Zakat and Ushr – A Paradigm Shift after Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

Zakat and Ushr are important instruments of the Islamic fiscal system. It is an obligatory practice of Islam aiming to help the society and give the deprived ones a better life and opportunities. The fundamentals of the Zakat and Ushr system are clearly defined by Shariah however, its collection and distribution is the responsibility of the state. In this regard, Zakat and Ushr Ordinance 1980 was implemented in Pakistan. The 18th Constitutional Amendment was notified in the Gazette of Pakistan on April 20, 2010. This amendment has redefined the structural contours of the state through a paradigm shift from a heavily centralized to a predominantly decentralized federation. In this regard ministry of Zakat and Ushr was devolved at the federal level and powers were given to provinces to make legislations regarding the subject. After this change provinces made the respective legislations for Zakat and Ushr. In this article, this provincial legislation is reviewed to find out their harmony with the Income Tax Law and practical steps are suggested to achieve the very purpose of these legislations. These steps will increase the collection of Zakat and Ushr that would be helpful to alleviate the poverty and overcome the financial problems of our masses predominantly from agricultural areas of Pakistan. This paper aims to discuss the role of zakat and Ushr as a mechanism for poverty eradication. For this article, qualitative research methodology is used. The content analysis method is adopted for comparison, quantify and analyze the data. Available data on the subject, both in Shariah and conventional law, has been analyzed in detail.

Understanding Several Characteristics of Islam and Good Muslim: A Study of University Students in Malaysia

This paper examines the understanding of foundational Islamic doctrines as well as definition of authentic Muslim characteristics among Middle East, African (MEAS), and Asian (AS) university students in Malaysia. Outcomes have been drawn from an in-depth survey in which both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to three hundred (300) respondents from several Universities. In addition, a questionnaire survey of MEAS and AS in Malaysia government universities was carried out. A quantitative approach was used to systematically evaluate and draw the empirical results. Findings have revealed that the majority’s knowledge levels were generally good in both realms while a small minority was poorly informed. The findings also indicate that respondents who displayed a better understanding of Islam benefited from their learning from religious scholars. It can be summed up that those whose understanding of Islam is poor are influenced by official or mainstream Islam.

Hybrid Rationality behind Customers’ Choices of the Islamic Banks : An Experience of Bengkulu, Indonesia

The article aims to reveal the rationality behind the customers’ choices of Islamic banks in Bengkulu province. For this purpose through exploring the possibility of unification between instrumental rationality and Islamic rationality, it will be identified empirically the essence of the customers’ choices of Islamic banks in Bengkulu, Indonesia. The analysis deployed a grounded theory approach. The data obtained was qualitative by involving at least 15 (fifteen) participants who volunteered and spread across several Islamic banks in Bengkulu Province. Therefore, an in-depth interview was conducted as a strategy to collect data related to the rationality behind customers’ choices for the product of Islamic banks in Bengkulu province. The main findings of this study is: “hybrid rationality was successfully identified behind the customers’ choices of Islamic banks in Bengkulu province. This rationality is a unification between instrumental rationality and Islamic rationality based on religiosity values—Sharī‘ah compliance. It is an evidence for categorizing the consumers’ choices of Islamic banks in Bengkulu as “the hybrid rationality.”

Waqf in Algeria: Its Historical Exploration from Ottoman to Post-Independence Era

This study provides a critical discussion on the history of waqf in Algeria throughout three main different eras namely, the Ottoman rule era, the French colonisation period and after independence era, to raise awareness and enrich researchers’ thoughts regarding the practice of waqf in Algeria. Also, it highlights the practice of many waqf institutions existed therein and addresses their developments and impacts on the community life. Subsequently, it highlights the development of the waqf legal system in Algeria, which provides a platform that facilitates understanding its status in the Algerian community, which offers lessons to be learnt from and considered for the development of waqf institutions. The authors reviewed a significant body of relevant studies written on various aspects of the waqf history in Algeria, to provide readers and researchers with lessons from waqf institutions in Algeria throughout three different phases in history, as few studies have addressed this issue in the context of Algeria. The study reveals that the Ottoman rule era in Algeria was marked by the spread of different waqf institutions which played a vital role in all aspects in the community life. However, these institutions experienced a huge retreat during the colonial era, where the French colonisers aimed at confiscating awqāf and belittling its effective role in the community. After independence in 1962, there have been modest initiatives to upgrade waqf properties, and attempts to recover the lost ones, but all these efforts were considered weak as compared with the size of the waqf properties in Algeria during the Ottoman period.