Efficacy and safety of Anaferon for children and Anaferon for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections: systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anaferon and Anaferon for children for the prevention and treatment of of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)/influenza using meta-analysis. Patients and Methods: the meta-analysis included data from 11 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 3079 patients aged 1 month to 69 years, of which: 1729 people were included in the meta-analysis of the preventive drugs efficacy, 1550 patients — in the meta-analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of Anaferon for children. The evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy was conducted according to the criteria "disease duration" and/or "fever duration", the evaluation of the preventive efficacy was conducted according to the criterion "the proportion of patients not falling ill with ARVI/influenza". The safety was evaluated taking into account the number of adverse events (AEs). Statistical methods included the exact Fisher criterion, the Student criterion, fixed and random effects models, the Z-test, the Cochrane-Mantel-Hensel criterion, Cochrane Q-statistics and the I2 coefficient, the Breslow-Day test, the calculation of relative risk (RR), odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: according to the criterion "the proportion of patients not falling ill with ARVI/influenza", the RR of Anaferon for children was 1.2 [95% CI 1.2; 1.3] with an OR of 2.2 [95% CI 1.7; 2.9], while for Anaferon, the RR was 6.7 [95% CI 3.8; 11.8] with an OR of 20.1 [95% CI 9.2; 44.0]. At the same time, the proportion of patients without ARVI/influenza during Anaferon intake exceeded that in the absence of preventive intervention by almost 8 times, and during Anaferon for children intake — 1.3 times vs. placebo. When evaluating the therapeutic effect of Anaferon for children, it was found that the average disease duration was 1.4 times shorter than during placebo intake, and was 4.71±2.53 days (p<0,001). The average fever duration was 2.19±1.21 days vs. 3.22±1.81 days during placebo intake (p<0,001). According to the criterion "disease duration", the weighted average effect value was 1.05 [95% CI 0.44; 1.67], according to the criterion "fever duration" — 0.97 [95% CI 0.61; 1.33] (p<0.001, p-value of the two-tailed Z-test; random effects model). The therapeutic efficacy of Anaferon for children did not depend on the etiology of ARVI, the symptoms, and the presence of comorbidity (asthma). The total number of AEs is similar to those in the comparison group. Conclusion: the conducted review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy and safety of Anaferon and Anaferon for children for the treatment and prevention of ARVI/influenza allow us to conclude the following: 1) Anaferon for children is effective and safe for the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory infections, regardless of the pathogen and the presence of comorbidity (asthma); 2) Anaferon and Anaferon for children are effective and safe for the prevention of acute respiratory infections/influenza, including patients with concomitant bronchopulmonary pathology and frequently ill children. KEYWORDS: ARVI, influenza, prevention, treatment, meta-analysis, Anaferon, Anaferon for children. FOR CITATION: Geppe N.A., Zaplatnikov A.L., Kondyurina E.G. et al. Efficacy and safety of Anaferon for children and Anaferon for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):335–347 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-335-347.

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Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for severe COVID-19 based on evidence in other severe respiratory viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Canadian Medical Association Journal ◽

10.1503/cmaj.200642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 192 (27) ◽

pp. E745-E755 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Niveditha Devasenapathy ◽

Zhikang Ye ◽

Mark Loeb ◽

Fang Fang ◽

Borna Tadayon Najafabadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections

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The use of intranasal interferon for prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections

ACTUAL INFECTOLOGY ◽

10.22141/2312-413x.9.1.2021.228822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

S.О. Kramarov ◽

V.V. Yevtushenko

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Acquired Immunity ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections

Interferons are cytokines that are produced by immunocompetent cells in response to the invasion of an infectious factor. The most important biological effect of interferons used in clinical practice is their ability to nonspecifically inhibit viral replication. This article summarizes the functions of interferons in the implementation of the functions of innate and acquired immunity. The possibilities of using intranasal interferons for the treatment and prevention of the most common viral diseases in children, in particular acute respiratory viral infections, SARS and SARS-CoV-2, are considered.

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Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-38-45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽

N. I. Zryachkin ◽

V. E. Mikhailova

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Leading Role ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽

Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

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Effectiveness of Surgical Face Masks in Reducing Acute Respiratory Infections in Non-Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2020.564280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Min Xian Wang ◽

Sylvia Xiao Wei Gwee ◽

Pearleen Ee Yong Chua ◽

Junxiong Pang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Healthcare Settings

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Can polysaccharide K improve therapeutic efficacy and safety in gastrointestinal cancer? a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.19059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (51) ◽

pp. 89108-89118 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

Xiaofen Wu ◽

Jingwen Yu ◽

Jinyan Zhu ◽

Xia Pen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Polysaccharide K

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Respiratory viral infections in children: modalities for pathogenic treatment

Russian Medical Inquiry ◽

10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-762-767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 762-767

Author(s):

S.V. Nikolaeva ◽

◽

Yu.N. Khlypovka ◽

V.A. Zavolozhin ◽

E.K. Shushakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Emerging Viruses ◽

Therapeutic Measures ◽

Respiratory Viral Infections ◽

Rhinovirus C

Respiratory viruses are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid identification of a pathogen, epidemiological surveillance, description of symptoms, and the development of preventive and therapeutic measures are keystones to limit the spread of respiratory infections. Novel viruses with specific properties are regularly discovered. This paper addresses essential data on the most common viruses provoking acute respiratory infections, including whose in children and the pattern of their course. Conventionally, the most vital concern is flu. Influenza viruses provoke seasonal outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many studies demonstrate the role of rhinovirus C in the development of bronchiolitis and, subsequently, asthma. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 provoking COVID-19 were recently described. Knowledge of known and newly emerging viruses is crucial for timely adequate medical care. The authors discuss major therapeutic strategies for acute respiratory infections that provide a more favorable course of infectious inflammation irrespective of viral etiology. KEYWORDS: acute respiratory infections, influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, pneumonia, interferon. FOR CITATION: Nikolaeva S.V., Khlypovka Yu.N., Zavolozhin V.A. et al. Respiratory viral infections in children: modalities for pathogenic treatment. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):762–767 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-762-767.

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