scholarly journals The Health of Women and Girls in the Middle East and North Africa

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Randa Abul-Husn
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World Population ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Abortion Debate ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Right

Female health has become a major issue and priority in the nineties. Reproductive health is highest on the agenda of world population issues, starting with the abortion debate, to the Vatican's condemnation of the use of unnatural birth control methods and women's demand for the right to control their own bodies, and the need for proper and reliable medical assistance, keeping in mind the disparity between developed and developing countries.

Ensuring Reproductive Rights of Women in Nepal: Law and Praxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
D. N. Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Rights

 Reproductive rights are fundamental rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world, but have a commonality about the protection, preservation and promotion of a woman‘s reproductive health rights. Reproductive rights include the right to autonomy and self-determination , the right of everyone to make free and informed decisions and have full control over their body, sexuality, health, relationships, and if, when and with whom to partner, marry and have children , without any form of discrimination, stigma, coercion or violence. The access and availability of reproductive health services are limited due to geography and other issues, non-availability and refusal of reproductive health services may lead to serious consequences. The State need to ensure accessibility, availability, safe and quality reproductive health services and address the lifecycle needs of women and girls and provide access of every young women and girls to comprehensive sexuality education based on their evolving capacity as their human rights, through its inclusion and proper implementation in school curriculum, community-based awareness program and youth led mass media. It is necessary for strengthening compliance, in a time-bound manner, with international human rights standards that Nepal has ratified that protect, promote, and fulfill the basic human rights and reproductive health rights in Nepal and also need to review standards and conventions that Nepal has had reservations about or those that have been poorly implemented in the country.

Introduction: Did the Amicus Effort Make a Difference?

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kolbert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
High Court ◽  
Abortion Debate ◽  
First Case ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roe V Wade

With the opening of the new Supreme Court term and three new cases, each with the potential of eroding or overruling Roe v. Wade, discussions of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, the most anticipated case of the 1989 term, are seemingly out of fashion. But Webster is significant and noteworthy as the first case of this decade which directly presented the high Court an opportunity to overrule Roe, the 1973 landmark case which afforded women the right to make intimate decisions about abortion free of governmental interference. The Court, flooded with amici curiae on both sides of the issue and an avalanche of political activism unparalleled in this decade, left Roe intact, albeit slightly modified. Because there are no longer five solid votes on the Court to uphold Roe, Webster has left its mark on American politics and has radically changed the tenor of the abortion debate for years to come.

“Since I’m a little bit more mature”: Contraception and the Arc of Time for Women in Midlife

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Alspaugh ◽  
Melody Reibel ◽  
Eun-Ok Im ◽  
Julie Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life Span ◽  
The Right ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Birth control methods have rapidly evolved over the past several decades, but little research has explored how women interact with contraception over time. Exploring contraceptive beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of women in midlife can reveal much about how lived experience affects contraceptive decisions and reproductive health choices. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women between the ages of 40 and 55 who had not reached menopause and did not have a permanent method of sterilization. Data were coded using qualitative descriptive methods.Results: Three major themes were identified: 1) journey toward empowerment; 2) finding the right fit: evolution over time; and 3) anticipating a transition. Past experiences with or fear of side effects and hormones were common reasons to change or avoid certain birth control methods. Most participants were happy with their contraceptive method; however, those who were unhappy were more likely to vocalize fatigue at continuing to need contraception as menopause approached.Conclusion: Approaching contraceptive counseling from a place that considers the journey with contraception over a reproductive life span will help identify how beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of women affect their contraceptive practices and choices.

Directions and Potentials of Contraceptive Research

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Carl Djerassi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Special Mention

This article reviews the current status of birth control methods, emphasizing the reversible fertility control agents that will be needed during the next decade or two, notably in developing countries. Special mention is made of chemical approaches to abortion, hormonal agents, the intrauterine device, sterilization techniques, and male contraceptives. The prospects for reaching the goals of better research and more effective implementation are fairly dim unless major changes in public and governmental attitudes toward contraceptive research are instituted. Attention is drawn particularly to some of the operational problems associated with the development of new fertility control approaches in the female and in the male.

scholarly journals Knowledge of contraceptive methods among adolescents/young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Skrzeczkowska ◽  
Jerzy Heimrath ◽  
Justyna Surdyka ◽  
Jerzy Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Right ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Abstract Introduction. Family planning methods let one make an informed decision about having children at the right time. People have been trying to adopt the right family planning methods for centuries, mainly through using various contraceptives. These used to be very diverse over the time, yet the goal remained the same – preventing pregnancy. Aim. Assessment of the factors affecting the knowledge and prevalence of contraceptive methods, as well as the factors affecting sexual behavior of adolescents/young adults. Material and methods. 219 individuals (111 women and 108 men) between 17-21 years of age, attending secondary schools, participated in this voluntary and anonymous study. A survey questionnaire prepared by the authors was used as a study tool. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed using the SPSS 17.0 software. Results. 81% of the adolescents/young adults stated that their knowledge of contraception is sufficient for them to be in charge of their own sexual lives, whilst some 9% mentioned that they lacked such knowledge, 85% of the young people studied stated that they were interested in contraception. The main sources of knowledge about contraception are the Internet (35%) and peers (22%). The survey showed that 59% of the individuals correctly answered the question regarding the length of a woman’s menstrual cycle, 77% correctly defined the first day of the cycle, and 49% correctly determined the time of ovulation. The studied group of people had difficulties determining menstrual cycle phases; 23% considered them as fixed, 27% – that they are variable, and 29% gave the correct answer. The surveyed people thought that contraceptive method effectiveness (43%), availability (33%) and ease of administration (17%) are most important when choosing the method. Condoms are the most common (72%) contraceptive method among the surveyed people while hormonal contraceptives and interrupted intercourse are poorly known (12% and 11%, respectively). The respondents deemed the hormonal method (50%), and intrauterine contraceptive methods (21%) and condoms (21%) the most effective modes of contraception. They thought that interrupted intercourse (53%) and natural birth control methods (34%) are the least effective. The age at which most of the respondents started their sexual life ranged between 16 and 18; with the age of 16 being the most common (24.2%). Some 40% of the surveyed called their sexual intercourse occasional. Conclusions. Adolescents consider both the Internet and their peers the primary source of information about sexuality, family planning or birth control methods. The average age of the first sexual experiences has been gradually decreasing and the condom remains to be the most common method of contraception for adolescents/young adults. The knowledge concerning family is insufficient and frequently inaccurate. Education in the fields of sexuality, contraceptive and family planning methods should be included in primary school curriculum.

scholarly journals The Use of Birth Control Methods by Adult Males: A Case Study of the Amasaman, Accra, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNY-SHERRY AYITTEY
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Introduction: Adult males are largely responsible for the production of babies. One healthy male can produce as many as 100 children over a 50-year reproductive lifespan through sex with many women. On the other hand, women are restricted to the production of a limited number of children in their reproductive lifespan due to biological factors related to pregnancy and menopause. Given the propensity of men to produce many children, effective family planning and birth control rests substantially on responsible role of men. Yet, there is little information on use of birth control methods and products by adult males in Ghana. Guided by the reproductive health life cycle theory of human behaviour, this study aimed at analysing the use of birth control methods and products by adult males in Ghana using a case-study of the Amasaman Area Council, in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. Methods: A scientific survey based on a random sampling procedure collected information from 300 adult males in all 39 communities of the Amasaman Area Council, Accra over two months from November to December 2019. This survey elicited information on the perceptions and use of birth control methods and acceptance of government reproductive health (RH) policies. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The analysis involved simple descriptive summaries of the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their perceptions and use of birth control method. A binary logit regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influenced current use of birth control methods by respondents. Results: The nine birth control methods and products indicated by the male respondents were in order of importance as follows: (1) traditional method of planned abstinence from the spouse for a period of time especially after the delivery of a child, (2) male condom, (3) withdrawal before ejaculation, (4) vasectomy (male sterilization), 5) rhythm or calendar method (of the woman’s monthly reproductive cycle), (6) traditional herbs, (7) outercourse (sex without penetration), (8) drinking of local gin before sex, and (9) men taking drugs to prevent pregnancy. Information from peers and friends was the major source of information. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that the likelihood of using birth control methods and products was significantly influenced by the extent of awareness of these methods and products. Conclusions: Adult male respondents largely had no external sources of information with regards to the majority of the identified birth control methods. Peers and friends were the major source of information about birth control methods. Current use of birth control methods was mainly influenced by the overall awareness of these products.

Wadhwa, Charan D. and MukulG. Asher (eds.). ASEAN-SOUTH ASIA Economic Relations. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 1985. ix+384pp.

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-338
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain Malik
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Southeast Asian Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Policy Proposals

The need to enhance their economic relations with each other has long been felt by developing countries. However, their efforts in this regard have met with limited success. One of the reasons for this could be that not much serious work has been done to understand the complexities and possibilities of economic relations of developing countries. The complementarities which exist among the economies of these countries remain relatively unexplored. There is a lack of concrete policy proposals which developing countries may follow to achieve their often proclaimed objective of collective self-reliance. All this needs serious and rigorous research efforts. In this perspective, the present study can be considered as a step in the right direction. It examines trade and other economic relations of developing countries of two regions of Asia-South Asian countries and member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The study also explores ways and means to improve economic relations among these countries

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