Interphase Cell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Interphase Cell

scholarly journals Simultaneous genotypic and immunophenotypic analysis of interphase cells using dual-color fluorescence: a demonstration of lineage involvement in polycythemia vera

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Price ◽  
EJ Kanfer ◽  
SM Colman ◽  
N Westwood ◽  
AJ Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Dual Fluorescence ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Interphase Cells

Abstract Fluorescent in situ hybridization has become a useful technique by which chromosomal abnormalities may be shown in interphase cells. We present a dual-fluorescence method whereby a chromosomal and immunophenotypic marker can be visualized simultaneously in the same interphase cell. Two patients with the myeloproliferative disorder polycythemia vera and trisomy for chromosome 8 have been studied using this technique and selective involvement of the myeloid and erythrocyte lineages has been shown by the detection of the trisomy in immunophenotyped cells. Simultaneous analysis of genotype and immunophenotype in individual cells from patients with myeloproliferative disorders or leukemia may help identify the developmental and lineage status of cells in which molecular alterations have resulted in clonal advantage.

Tensile shear strength of UF- and MUF-bonded veneer related to data of adhesives and cell walls measured by nanoindentation

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Stöckel ◽  
Johannes Konnerth ◽  
Wolfgang Kantner ◽  
Johann Moser ◽  
Wolfgang Gindl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Tensile Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Cure Time

Abstract The tensile shear strength of veneer lap joints was characterised. The joints were produced with an Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) using urea-formaldehyde (UF) as well as melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive formulated for particleboard production. At a fixed heating temperature of 110°C, a systematic increase in bond strength was observed for both adhesives with increasing cure time. The absolute bond strength was significantly higher for MUF compared to UF. Nanoindentation experiments with the same specimens used for ABES revealed a very hard, stiff and brittle character of the UF resin, whereas the MUF proved significantly less hard and stiff, and less brit-tle. Wood cell walls in contact with adhesive, i.e., where adhesive penetration into the cell wall was assumed, showed significantly altered mechanical properties. Such cell walls were harder, stiffer and more brittle than unaffected reference cell walls. These effects were slightly more pronounced for UF than for MUF. Comparing UF and MUF, the micro-mechanical properties of cured adhesive and interphase cell walls confirm earlier observations that tougher adhesives can lead to higher macroscopic bond strength. In strong contrast to that, no obvious correlation was found between micromechanical properties and the strong cure time dependence of macroscopic bond strength.

scholarly journals Excess centrosomes perturb dynamic endothelial cell repolarization during blood vessel formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1911-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich J. Kushner ◽  
Luke S. Ferro ◽  
Zhixian Yu ◽  
Victoria L. Bautch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Sprouting Angiogenesis ◽  
Actomyosin Contractility ◽  
Rac1 Activity ◽  
And Migration

Blood vessel formation requires dynamic movements of endothelial cells (ECs) within sprouts. The cytoskeleton regulates migratory polarity, and centrosomes organize the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, it is not well understood how excess centrosomes, commonly found in tumor stromal cells, affect microtubule dynamics and interphase cell polarity. Here we find that ECs dynamically repolarize during sprouting angiogenesis, and excess centrosomes block repolarization and reduce migration and sprouting. ECs with excess centrosomes initially had more centrosome-derived microtubules but, paradoxically, fewer steady-state microtubules. ECs with excess centrosomes had elevated Rac1 activity, and repolarization was rescued by blockade of Rac1 or actomyosin blockers, consistent with Rac1 activity promoting cortical retrograde actin flow and actomyosin contractility, which precludes cortical microtubule engagement necessary for dynamic repolarization. Thus normal centrosome numbers are required for dynamic repolarization and migration of sprouting ECs that contribute to blood vessel formation.

scholarly journals Tubulin heterogeneity in the trypanosome Crithidia fasciculata.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Russell ◽  
D Miller ◽  
K Gull
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Crithidia Fasciculata ◽  
Alpha Tubulin

The interphase cell of Crithidia fasciculata has three discrete tubulin populations: the subpellicular microtubules, the axonemal microtubules, and the nonpolymerized cytoplasmic pool protein. These three tubulin populations were independently and selectively purified, yielding, in each case, microtubule protein capable of self-assembly. All three preparations polymerized to form ribbons and sheets rather than the more usual microtubular structures. Analyses of the tubulin by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and peptide mapping indicated that the beta-tubulin complex remained constant regardless of source but that some heterogeneity was present in the alpha subunit. Cytoplasmic pool alpha tubulins (alpha 1/alpha 2) were the only alpha isotypes in the cytoplasm and also formed most of the alpha tubulin species in the pellicular fraction. Flagellar alpha tubulin (alpha 3) was the sole alpha isotype in the flagella; it appeared in small amounts in the pellicular fraction but was completely absent from the cytoplasm. In vitro translation products from polyadenylated RNA from C. fasciculata were also examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and possessed a protein corresponding to alpha 1/alpha 2 tubulin but lacked any alpha 3 tubulin. The alpha 3 polypeptide arose from a post-translational modification of a precursor polypeptide not identifiable by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as alpha 3. Peptide mapping data indicated that cytoplasmic alpha tubulin is the most likely precursor. These results demonstrate alpha-tubulin heterogeneity in this organism and also how close the relationship between flagellar and cytoskeletal tubulins can be among lower eucaryotes.

An Electron-Microscope Study of the Intranucleolar Chromatin in Root Meristematic Cells of Allium Cepa

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-657
Author(s):  
L. A. CHOUINARD
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Condensed State ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Nucleolar Chromosome ◽  
Chromatin Material

The various states of condensation and configuration of the chromatin material, contained inside the lacunar regions of the interphase nucleolus in Allium cepa, have been investigated by means of conventional electron-microscope techniques. The observations reveal that in a number of lacunar profiles, the chromatin material in question appears in an extended state only; in other lacunar profiles of the same or different nucleoli, the chromatin material is present both in an extended and a condensed condition. Moreover, in some lacunar profiles, a single mass of chromatin in a condensed state is observed; in others, several discrete and often seemingly interconnected masses of condensed chromatin are visualized. An attempt is made to interpret these morphological findings in the light of current knowledge concerning the structural relationship of the nucleolar organizing segment of the nucleolar chromosome with the interphase nucleolus in plant cells. The relevant observational evidence would be consistent with the view that the chromatin-containing lacunar regions of the interphase nucleolus in Allium cepa correspond, in fact, to cross or oblique sections of a meandering channel through which the nucleolar organizing segment of the nucleolar chromosome passes. Assuming the applicability to intranucleolar chromatin of the general concept of condensed-inactive versus extended-active chromatin, it is hypothesized that the various states of condensation of intralacunar chromatin merely reflect variations in the functional activity of the nucleolar organizing segment during the interphase cell cycle in the species investigated. With regard to variations in the configurational state of the intralacunar condensed chromatin, it is postulated that they are the cytological expression of the gradual process of coiling or folding upon itself of the nucleolar organizing segment during late interphase and in preparation for the next mitosis.

Timing of nuclear and kinetoplast DNA replication and early morphological events in the cell cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Woodward ◽  
K. Gull
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Single Mitochondrion

We have used immunofluorescent detection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-substituted DNA in order to determine the timing of initiation and the duration of nuclear and kinetoplast S-phases within the procyclic stage of the Trypanosoma brucei cell cycle. Both nuclear and kinetoplast S-phases were shown to be periodic, occupying 0.18 and 0.12 of the unit cell cycle, respectively. In addition, initiation of both of these S-phases were in approximate synchrony, differing by only 0.03 of the unit cell cycle. We have also used a monoclonal antibody that recognises the basal bodies of T. brucei in order to visualise cells possessing a new pro-basal body and hence determine the time of pro-basal body formation within the cell cycle. Pro-basal body formation occurred within a few minutes of the initiation of nuclear S-phase, at 0.41 of the unit cell cycle. This provides detection of the earliest known cell cycle event in T. brucei at the level of the light microscope. Cell cycle events including initiation of nuclear and kinetoplast DNA replication and pro-basal body formation may be strictly coordinated in T. brucei in order to maintain the precise single-mitochondrion (kinetoplast), singleflagellum status of the interphase cell.

scholarly journals CONTRAST BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL pH DEPENDENCIES OF PROPHASING AND NUCLEAR MEMBRANE FORMATION IN INTERPHASE-METAPHASE CELLS

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Obara ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshida ◽  
Lee S. Chai ◽  
Herbert Weinfeld ◽  
Avery A. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Binucleate Cell ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Membrane Formation ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Mononucleate Cell

In Chinese hamster Don cells, fusion of an interphase cell with a metaphase cell resulted either in prophasing of the interphase nucleus, including loss of the nuclear envelope (NE), or in the formation of a double membrane around the metaphase chromosomes. Only one of these phenomena occurred in a given interphase-metaphase (I–M) binucleate cell. At pH 7.4, there was about an equal probability that either event could occur amongst the population of I–M cells. The effect of pH changes in the medium containing the fused cells was examined. At pH 6.6, prophasing was the predominant event; at pH 8.0, membrane formation predominated. It was found that the rate of progression of a mononucleate cell from G2 to metaphase was appreciably faster at pH 6.6 than at pH 8.0. Conversely, the progression from metaphase to G1 was faster at pH 8.0 than at pH 6.6. These results with the mononucleate cells strengthen the hypothesis that structural changes in I–M cells are reflections of normal mitotic phenomena. Additional evidence for this hypothesis was produced by electron microscope examination after direct fixation in chrom-osmium. The double membrane around the chromosomes of the I–M cell was indistinguishable from the normal NE. The results obtained by varying the pH of the medium containing the fused cells provide an indication that disruption or formation of the NE of Don cells depends on the balance reached between disruptive and formative processes.

scholarly journals Detection of 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic neoplasias by double- color fluorescence in situ hybridization

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1512-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Coignet ◽  
E Schuuring ◽  
RE Kibbelaar ◽  
TK Raap ◽  
KK Kleiverda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks

Rearrangements within the chromosome 11q13 region are frequent in hematologic malignancies. 50% of 75% of mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) carry a translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32). Using Southern blot analysis, a BCL1 breakpoint can be detected in approximately 50% of MCLs. It is not known whether other MCLs harbor also breakpoints at 11q13. Breakpoints in this region not involved in t(11;14), are detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. To detect and localize breakpoints at 11q13 more accurately, we have developed fluorescence in situ hybridization using two probe sets of differently labeled cosmids, symmetrically localized at either side of the major translocation cluster of BCL1. These probes span a region of 450 to 750 kb. We applied this assay to a series of hematologic malignancies with 11q13 abnormalities identified by classical cytogenetics. All four samples with a t(11;14) (q13;q32) showed dissociation of the differently colored signals in metaphase and interphase cells, thereby indicating a chromosomal break in the region defined by the probe sets. The frequency of abnormal metaphase and interphase cells was comparable with that observed in any of the 13 malignancies with other chromosomal 11q13 abnormalities, indicating that these chromosomal breaks occurred outside the 450- to 750-kb region covered by the probes. One patient showed triplication and one patient showed monoallelic loss of this region. The current data show that double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization is a simple and reliable method for detection of the t(11;14)(q13;q32) in interphase cell nuclei and that is can be used to distinguish this translocation from other 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals Modeling diffusional transport in the interphase cell nucleus

2007 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 045102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Wedemeier ◽  
Holger Merlitz ◽  
Chen-Xu Wu ◽  
Jörg Langowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Interphase Cell
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