Interphase Chromosome

The nuclear envelope is a complex membrane structure that forms the boundary of the nuclear compartment in eukaryotes. It regulates the passage of macromolecules between the two compartments and may be important for organizing interphase chromosome architecture. In interphase animal cells it forms a remarkably stable structure consisting of a double membrane ouerlying a protein meshwork or lamina and penetrated by nuclear pore complexes. The latter form the channels for nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules, At the onset of mitosis, however, it rapidly disassembles, the membranes fragment to yield small vesicles and the lamina, which is composed of predominantly three polypeptides, lamins R, B and C (MW approx. 74, 68 and 65 kDa respectiuely), breaks down. Lamins B and C are dispersed as monomers throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, while lamin B remains associated with the nuclear membrane vesicles.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-range directional movement of an interphase chromosome site.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1032479.374717 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Sui Huang

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Interphase Chromosome ◽

Directional Movement

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Erythrocytes 3D genome organization in vertebrates

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83903-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Ryzhkova ◽

Alena Taskina ◽

Anna Khabarova ◽

Veniamin Fishman ◽

Nariman Battulin

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Genome Organization ◽

Large Scale ◽

Chromatin Condensation ◽

Erythroid Differentiation ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

3D Interaction ◽

Interphase Chromosome ◽

3D Genome ◽

Contact Maps

AbstractGeneration of mature red blood cells, consisting mainly of hemoglobin, is a remarkable example of coordinated action of various signaling networks. Chromatin condensation is an essential step for terminal erythroid differentiation and subsequent nuclear expulsion in mammals. Here, we profiled 3D genome organization in the blood cells from ten species belonging to different vertebrate classes. Our analysis of contact maps revealed a striking absence of such 3D interaction patterns as loops or TADs in blood cells of all analyzed representatives. We also detect large-scale chromatin rearrangements in blood cells from mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians: their contact maps display strong second diagonal pattern, representing an increased frequency of long-range contacts, unrelated to TADs or compartments. This pattern is completely atypical for interphase chromosome structure. We confirm that these principles of genome organization are conservative in vertebrate erythroid cells.

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Mitotic metaphase cells from different cell lines cause different levels of expression of the α-form of interphase chromosome breaks irradiated CHO cels

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/0027-5107(94)90009-4 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 310 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryuichi Okayasu ◽

George Iliakis

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Mitotic Metaphase ◽

Interphase Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Breaks ◽

Different Levels

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On emerging nuclear order

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201010129 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 192 (5) ◽

pp. 711-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Indika Rajapakse ◽

Mark Groudine

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Organization ◽

Chromatin State ◽

Interphase Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Arrangement ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Nuclear Processes ◽

Genomic Function

Although the nonrandom nature of interphase chromosome arrangement is widely accepted, how nuclear organization relates to genomic function remains unclear. Nuclear subcompartments may play a role by offering rich microenvironments that regulate chromatin state and ensure optimal transcriptional efficiency. Technological advances now provide genome-wide and four-dimensional analyses, permitting global characterizations of nuclear order. These approaches will help uncover how seemingly separate nuclear processes may be coupled and aid in the effort to understand the role of nuclear organization in development and disease.

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Three-dimensional organization of Drosophila melanogaster interphase nuclei. I. Tissue-specific aspects of polytene nuclear architecture.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.104.6.1455 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 104 (6) ◽

pp. 1455-1470 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

M Hochstrasser ◽

J W Sedat

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Nuclear Architecture ◽

Close Packing ◽

Prothoracic Gland ◽

Cell Type ◽

Interphase Chromosome ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Spatial Domains ◽

Four Levels

Interphase chromosome organization in four different Drosophila melanogaster tissues, covering three to four levels of polyteny, has been analyzed. The results are based primarily on three-dimensional reconstructions from unfixed tissues using a computer-based data collection and modeling system. A characteristic organization of chromosomes in each cell type is observed, independent of polyteny, with some packing motifs common to several or all tissues and others tissue-specific. All chromosomes display a right-handed coiling chirality, despite large differences in size and degree of coiling. Conversely, in each cell type, the heterochromatic centromeric regions have a unique structure, tendency to associate, and intranuclear location. The organization of condensed nucleolar chromatin is also tissue-specific. The tightly coiled prothoracic gland chromosomes are arrayed in a similar fashion to the much larger salivary gland chromosomes described previously, having polarized orientations, nonintertwined spatial domains, and close packing of the arms of each autosome, whereas hindgut and especially the unusually straight midgut chromosomes display striking departures from these regularities. Surprisingly, gut chromosomes often appear to be broken in the centric heterochromatin. Severe deformations of midgut nuclei observed during gut contractions in living larvae may account for their unusual properties. Finally, morphometric measurements of chromosome and nuclear dimensions provide insights into chromosome growth and substructure and also suggest an unexpected parallel with diploid chromatin organization.

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