scholarly journals Stratum Spinosum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Spinosum

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

Molluscum contagiosum

2020 ◽  
pp. 949-951
Author(s):  
David A. Warrell ◽  
Christopher P. Conlon
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Molluscum Contagiosum ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Active Adults

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a Molluscipox DNA virus which infects keratinocytes of the epidermal stratum spinosum, producing distinctive small umbilicated papules on the skin. Its genome encodes a variety of proteins that suppress the host’s immune response. In children it is spread by skin contact, producing few or many lesions, while in sexually active adults it causes anogenital lesions. Molluscum is self-limiting within a few years in the immunocompetent, but those with pre-existing atopic eczema and immunosuppression, notably AIDS, commonly develop persistent diffuse eruptions with larger papules. Lesions can be removed mechanically or chemically. More severe infections can be treated with imiquimod or cidofovir.

Functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. R173-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Graham ◽  
N. L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers

The functional organization of the bovine rumen epithelium has been examined by electron and light microscopy combined with immunocytochemistry to define a transport model for this epithelium. Expression of connexin 43, an integral component of gap junctions, the tight-junction molecules claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and the catalytic α-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. From the lumen surface, four cell layers can be distinguished: the stratum corneum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. Both claudin-1 and ZO-1 immunostaining showed plasma membrane staining, which was present at the stratum granulosum with decreasing intensity through the stratum spinosum to the stratum basale. The stratum corneum was negative for claudin-1 immunostaining. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that occluding tight junctions were present at the stratum granulosum. Plasma membrane connexin 43 immunostaining was most intense at the stratum granulosum and decreased in intensity through stratum spinosum and stratum basale. There was intense immunostaining of the stratum basale for Na+-K+-ATPase, with weak staining of the stratum spinosum. Both the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum were essentially negative. Stratum basale cells also displayed a high mitochondrial density relative to more apical cell layers. We conclude that epithelial barrier function may be attributed to the stratum granulosum and that cell-cell gap junctions allow diffusion to interconnect the barrier cell layer with the stratum basale where Na+-K+-ATPase is concentrated.

scholarly journals Psoriasiform Drug Eruption Caused by Abatacept: Immunohistochemical Investigation of STAT Signaling

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Tanita ◽  
Taku Fujimura ◽  
Aya Kakizaki ◽  
Sadanori Furudate ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kusakari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Drug Eruption ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Old Japanese

Abatacept is a biological immune modifier that is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Although psoriasiform drug eruption is reported as one of the cutaneous adverse effects of abatacept, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. In this report, we describe a 65-year-old Japanese man with psoriasiform drug eruption caused by abatacept. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the epidermal keratinocytes in the basal layer and lower layers of the stratum spinosum were positive for pSTAT3, partially positive for pSTAT1 and negative for pSTAT6, which is similar to conventional psoriasis vulgaris. Our present study suggests that psoriasiform drug eruption caused by abatacept might develop by similar immunological mechanisms as those of psoriasis vulgaris.

scholarly journals Hereditary Suprabasilar Acantholytic Mechanobullous Dermatosis in Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riet-Correa ◽  
S. S. Barros ◽  
M. C. Dame ◽  
P. V. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Histologic Evaluation

A skin disease characterized by trauma-induced sloughing of haired skin, hooves, and horns is described in four calves from a herd of Murrah buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis) in Brazil. Affected calves were detected shortly after birth by the presence of lesions affecting the distal extremities, the scapular and gluteal regions, and the tip of the tail. On histologic evaluation of affected skin, the lesions were characterized by suprabasilar vesicles and acantholysis affecting the epidermis and outer root sheath of the hair follicle infundibulum. The basal cell layer was intact and appeared as a single layer of cuboidal cells attached to the dermis. Ultrastructurally, the region between the stratum basale and the lower stratum spinosum had widened intercellular spaces with loss of desmosomal attachments, which led to the suprabasilar separation. The disease appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

scholarly journals Squamous cell carcinoma of the dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
E. KALDRYMIDOU (Ε. ΚΑΛΔΡΥΜΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
G. KANAKOUDIS (Γ. ΚΑΝΑΚΟΥΔΗΣ) ◽  
Th. TOLIOU (Θ. ΤΟΛΙΟΥ) ◽  
Th. POUTAHIDIS (Θ. ΠΟΥΤΑΧΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
M. KARAGIANNOPOULOU (Μ. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Epithelial Neoplasms

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common skin neoplasm with cellular evidence of malignancy. Neoplastic cells preserve characteristics of the stratum spinosum and infiltrate dermis. Squamous cell carcinomas classification is based on the degree of cell differentiation and tumor architecture and includes more than one categories. Immunohistochemistry is often applied in order to distinguish this carcinoma from other epithelial neoplasms. In the present study four squamous cell carcinomas of the dog were examined and classified. Three of them (2,3,4) presented low rates of differentiation so, immuhistochemical detection of cellular keratin was performed, in order to avoid confusion with other keratinizing epithelial neoplasms. Two out of the three above mentioned tumors (3,4) exhibited acantholysis and pseudogranular structures. Immunohistochemical detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen provided evidence to distinguish them from adenocarcinomas. Finally, in the fourth tumor (4) areas of diffuse cellular proliferation, without obvious keratinization, were observed. Many of these cells appeared elongated. In this case, the immunohistochemical detection of vimentin was performed in order to find out if these cells belonged to the connective tissue or to a spindle-cell squamous cell carcinoma.

Multiple Pigmented Cutaneous Papules Associated with a Novel Canine Papillomavirus in an Immunosuppressed Dog

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Le Net ◽  
G. Orth ◽  
J. P. Sundberg ◽  
P. Cassonnet ◽  
L. Poisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Viruslike Particles ◽  
Ventral Skin

Cutaneous papillomavirus infection was diagnosed in a 6-year-old female Boxer dog that was under long-term corticosteroid therapy for atopic dermatitis. Multiple black, rounded papules were present on the ventral skin. Spontaneous regression occurred within 3 weeks after cessation of corticosteroids. Histologically, the lesions consisted of well-demarcated cup-shaped foci of epidermal endophytic hyperplasia with marked parakeratosis. In the upper stratum spinosum and in the stratum granulosum, solitary or small collections of enlarged keratinocytes were observed with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and a single eosinophilic fibrillar cytoplasmic inclusion. Ultrastructurally, viruslike particles (40-45 nm in diameter) were observed within the nucleus, free or aggregated in crystalline arrays. Undulating fibrillar material, thought to be a modified keratin protein, was observed in the cytoplasmic inclusion. Immunohistochemistry, restriction enzyme analysis, and molecular hybridization experiments indicated that these distinctive clinical, histologic, and cytologic features were associated with a novel canine papillomavirus.

scholarly journals Structure and biochemical composition of desmosomes and tonofilaments isolated from calf muzzle epidermis.

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Drochmans ◽  
C Freudenstein ◽  
J C Wanson ◽  
L Laurent ◽  
T W Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

Complexes of plasma membrane segments with desmosomes and attached tonofilaments were separated from the stratum spinosum cells of calf muzzle by means of moderately alkaline buffers of low ionic strength and mechanical homogenization. These structures were further fractionated by the use of various treatments including sonication, sucrose gradient centrifugation, and extraction with buffers containing high concentrations of salt, urea, citric acid, or detergents. Subfractions enriched in desmosome-tonofilament-complexes and tonofilament fragments were studied in detail. The desmosome structures such as the midline, the trilaminar membrane profile, and the desmosomal plaque appeared well preserved and were notably resistant to the various treatments employed. Fractions containing desmosome-tonofilament complexes were invariably dominated by the nonmembranous proteins of the tonofilaments which appeared as five major polypeptide bands (apparent molecular weights: 48,000; 51,000; 58,000; 60,000; 68,000) present in molar ratios of approx. 2:1:1:2:2. Four of these polypeptide bands showed electrophoretic mobilities similar to those of prekeratin polypeptides from bovine hoof. However, the largest polypeptide (68,000 mol wt) migrated significantly less in polyacrylamide gels than the largest component of the hoof prekeratin (approximately 63,000 mol wt). In addition, a series of minor bands, including carbohydrate-containing proteins, were identified and concluded to represent constituents of the desmosomal membrane. The analysis of protein-bound carbohydrates (total 270 microgram/mg phospholipid in desmosome-enriched subfractions) showed the presence of relatively high amounts of glucosamine, mannose, galactose, and sialic acids. These data as well as the lipid composition (e.g., high ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids, relatively high contents of sphingomyelin and gangliosides, and fatty acid pattern) indicate that the desmosomal membrane is complex in protein and lipid composition and has a typical plasma membrane character. The similarity of the desmosome-associated tonofilaments to prekeratin filaments and other forms of intermediate-sized filaments is discussed.

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