scholarly journals Tetanus in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Andrzej Zieliński ◽  
Jolanta Rudowska
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Neonatal Tetanus ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Protective Vaccination

In the last decade, the number of tetanus cases in Poland has not exceeded 20 cases. Since 1984, neonatal tetanus has not been reported. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK. The aim of the study is to present the data of epidemiological surveillance of tetanus in 2017 in a historical perspective, taking into account the role of protective vaccination and a reference to activities for the elimination of neonatal tetanus on a global scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The material of the study are individual reports on tetanus sent to the Department of Epidemiology, NIZP-PZH and the bulletin “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017. The historical data is based on earlier Polish and foreign studies. RESULTS. In 2017, 11 cases of tetanus were reported. Four men and seven women got sick. One man died in the age > 69. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. Tetanus is an infectious disease acquired in the environment and associated with wound pollution. Few cases of illness in Poland are associated with non-compliance with recommendations for booster vaccinations.

scholarly journals Origins of eponymous instruments in spine surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenikeji Buraimoh ◽  
Azam Basheer ◽  
Kevin Taliaferro ◽  
Jonathan H. Shaw ◽  
Sameah Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Fusion Technique ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Improving Patient Care ◽  
The Brain

Every day, spine surgeons call for instruments named after surgical pioneers. Few know the designers or the histories behind their instruments. In this paper the authors provide a historical perspective on the Penfield dissector, Leksell rongeur, Hibbs retractor, Woodson elevator, Kerrison rongeur, McCulloch retractor, Caspar pin retractor system, and Cloward handheld retractor, and a biographical review of their inventors. Historical data were obtained by searching the HathiTrust Digital Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Books, and Google, and personal communications with relatives, colleagues, and foundations of the surgeon-designers. The authors found that the Penfield dissectors filled a need for delicate tools for manipulating the brain and that the Leksell rongeur increased surgical efficiency during war-related laminectomies. Hibbs’ retractor facilitated his spine fusion technique. Woodson was both a dentist and a physician whose instrument was adopted by spine surgeons. Kerrison rongeurs were developed in otology to decompress bone near the facial nerve. The McCulloch, Caspar, and Cloward retractors helped improve exposure during the emergence of new techniques, i.e., microdiscectomy and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The histories behind these eponymous instruments remind us that innovation sometimes begins in other specialties and demonstrate the role of innovation in improving patient care.

scholarly journals The role of vaccination in global health

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Keegan Guidolin ◽  
Gaby Meglei
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Perhaps the greatest medical advancement in history was the development of the vaccine. While previously helpless to stop the spread of deadly infectious diseases, humanity has since harnessed the power of vaccination and decreased the incidence of infectious disease across the globe. Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated—the greatest of our triumphs. This success was due to the global coordinated effort of the Intensified Smallpox Eradication Program. Presently, measles is the top cause of vaccine-preventable death in the world, and despite enormous vaccination efforts, eradication is still distant. This is due in part to the antivaccination movement, which was fueled by an article by Wakefield, published in the Lancet in 1998. The future of vaccination is an ambitious and unclear one—with tremendous financial support and involvement, the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) aims to eliminate vaccine preventable illness within what they call the “Decade of Vaccines”.

scholarly journals Comparing metapopulation dynamics of infectious diseases under different models of human movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. e2007488118
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Citron ◽  
Carlos A. Guerra ◽  
Andrew J. Dolgert ◽  
Sean L. Wu ◽  
John M. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Infectious Disease Dynamics ◽  
Human Population Movement

Newly available datasets present exciting opportunities to investigate how human population movement contributes to the spread of infectious diseases across large geographical distances. It is now possible to construct realistic models of infectious disease dynamics for the purposes of understanding global-scale epidemics. Nevertheless, a remaining unanswered question is how best to leverage the new data to parameterize models of movement, and whether one’s choice of movement model impacts modeled disease outcomes. We adapt three well-studied models of infectious disease dynamics, the susceptible–infected–recovered model, the susceptible–infected–susceptible model, and the Ross–Macdonald model, to incorporate either of two candidate movement models. We describe the effect that the choice of movement model has on each disease model’s results, finding that in all cases, there are parameter regimes where choosing one movement model instead of another has a profound impact on epidemiological outcomes. We further demonstrate the importance of choosing an appropriate movement model using the applied case of malaria transmission and importation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, finding that one model produces intelligible predictions of R0, whereas the other produces nonsensical results.

History of Infectious Diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Maria Ines Zanoli Sato
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a review of infectious disease to date and the challenges they may present in the future. The main pandemics that have driven the history of humanity are described, from the first to be recorded in 3180 BC to more recent ones such as AIDIS, SARS and others associated with emerging pathogens. The essential role of emerging scientific specialisms (particularly microbiology, public health and sanitary engineering) to our understanding of the causes of these diseases (and how they may be better monitored, controlled and prevented) is presented. Globalization and climate change, determining factors for the ecology of infectious diseases and their emergence and re-emergence, are discussed and point to the urgent need for research to deal with these threats that continue to have a significant impact on human development and wellbeing.

Impact of the inpatient infectious disease consultations at a tertiary care university hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Waked ◽  
Danielle Jaafar ◽  
Marie Chedid ◽  
Gebrael Saliba ◽  
Elie Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
Disease Specialist

Abstract The role of the infectious disease specialist continues to evolve. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value of infectious disease consultation in the inpatient setting.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study that took place in a tertiary care university hospital. During the period from April to June 2016, 224 cases of patients receiving antibiotics in the hospital with the request of an infectious diseases’ consultation, were evaluated. The following variables were assessed: the referring department, purpose of the consultation, the antibiotic used before requesting the infectious diseases consultation, the antibiotic modifications after the infectious disease’s visit (changing the type, dose or range of the antibiotic when applicable, modifying the duration of antibiotic use), whenever the antibiotic usage was switched to a mono or bi-therapy.RESULTS The most frequent requesting departments were Oncology (23.2%) and Urology (21.4%). The purpose of the consultations was diagnosis (29%), therapy (41%), both diagnosis and therapy (21%), and prophylaxis (9%). An infectious diseases consultation was given at a rate of 4.9 consultations per 100 hospitalized patients. Antibiotic was discontinued in 14.7% of cases. There was no indication for the antibiotic treatment in 11.6% of cases. Modifying the antibiotic therapy was done in 25.4% of cases. Adjusting the antibiotic dosage was done in only one case. Carbapenem antibiotics were discontinued in 31.6% of cases and Quinolones discontinuation accounted for 22.7% of cases.CONCLUSION Infectious disease consults contributed to the optimization of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for suspected or confirmed infections in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals Comparing Metapopulation Dynamics of Infectious Diseases under Different Models of Human Movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Citron ◽  
Carlos A. Guerra ◽  
Andrew J. Dolgert ◽  
Sean L. Wu ◽  
John M. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Sis Model ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Infectious Disease Dynamics

Newly available data sets present an exciting opportunity to investigate how human population movement contributes to the spread of infectious diseases across large geographical distances. It is now possible to construct realistic models of infectious disease dynamics for the purposes of understanding global-scale epidemics. Nevertheless, a remaining unanswered question is how best to leverage the new data to parameterize models of movement, and whether one’s choice of movement model impacts modeled disease outcomes. We adapt three well-studied models of infectious disease dynamics, the SIR model; the SIS model; and the Ross-Macdonald model, to incorporate either of two candidate movement models. We describe the effect that the choice of movement model has on each disease model’s results, finding that in all cases there are parameter regimes where choosing one movement model instead of another has a profound impact on epidemiological outcomes. We further demonstrate the importance of choosing an appropriate movement model using the applied case of malaria transmission and importation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, finding that one model produces intelligible predictions of R0 while the other produces nonsensical results.

scholarly journals Impact of the inpatient infectious disease consultations at a tertiary care university hospital

10.3823/844 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Waked ◽  
Danielle Jaafar ◽  
Marie Chedid ◽  
Gebrael Saliba ◽  
Elie Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
Disease Specialist

BACKGROUND: The role of the infectious disease specialist continues to evolve. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the value of infectious disease consultation in the inpatient setting. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that took place in a tertiary care university hospital. During the period from April to June 2016, 224 cases of patients receiving antibiotics in the hospital with the request of an infectious diseases’ consultation, were evaluated. The following variables were assessed: the referring department, purpose of the consultation, the antibiotic used before requesting the infectious diseases consultation, the antibiotic modifications after the infectious disease’s visit, whenever the antibiotic usage was switched to a mono or bi-therapy. RESULTS: The most frequent requesting departments were Oncology (23.2%) and Urology (21.4%). The purpose of the consultations was diagnosis (29%), therapy (41%), both diagnosis and therapy (21%), and prophylaxis (9%). An infectious diseases consultation was given at a rate of 4.9 consultations per 100 hospitalized patients. Antibiotic was discontinued in 14.7% of cases. There was no indication for the antibiotic treatment in 11.6% of cases. Modifying the antibiotic therapy was done in 25.4% of cases. Adjusting the antibiotic dosage was done in only one case. Carbapenem antibiotics were discontinued in 31.6 % of cases and Quinolones discontinuation accounted for 22.7% of cases. CONCLUSION: Infectious disease consults contributed to the optimization of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for suspected or confirmed infections in hospitalized patients.

Health and Infectious Disease

2008 ◽  
pp. 581-591
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Burci
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article reviews the main international and institutional legal aspects of cooperation in the fight against the plague of infectious diseases. It makes a particular reference to the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other agencies of the UN system. This article underscores the intrinsically international dimension of the realization of the essential importance of international cooperation.

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