scholarly journals Health Care Advocacy

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya S Santoro ◽  
Dhwani J Kothari ◽  
Charles Van Liew ◽  
Terry A Cronan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Younger Adults

Background and Purpose: The U.S. population is living longer; therefore, a relatively large proportion of the population is likely to experience chronic illnesses within their lifetime. An experimental study was conducted to examine factors influencing the likelihood of hiring a Health Care Advocate (HCA). Methods: Survey data were collected from a randomly selected community sample of participants (N = 470) over the age of 18 who were provided with a description of an HCA and a written vignette describing a medical scenario. Participants read one of eight vignettes in which they were asked to imagine they were in a car accident and required medical care. Age, injury (chronic vs. acute), and presence of comorbid chronic condition were manipulated. Results: A significant interaction indicated that when there was no pre-existing chronic health condition, sustaining a chronic injury increased the likelihood of hiring an HCA. In addition, younger adults with comorbid conditions were perceived as having greater need for an HCA than younger adults without comorbid conditions. Older adults were perceived as benefiting from HCAs regardless of comorbid conditions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the need for patient-centered support for older adults following an injury, and for younger adults when a pre-existing chronic condition exists. Efforts should be made to target services to these populations of interest.

Interdisciplinary Therapy Assessments for the Older Adult

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Lynn Chatfield ◽  
Sandra Christos ◽  
Michael McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Changing Economy

In a changing economy and a changing industry, health care providers need to complete thorough, comprehensive, and efficient assessments that provide both an accurate depiction of the patient's deficits and a blueprint to the path of treatment for older adults. Through standardized testing and observations as well as the goals and evidenced-based treatment plans we have devised, health care providers can maximize outcomes and the functional levels of patients. In this article, we review an interdisciplinary assessment that involves speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and respiratory therapy to work with older adults in health care settings. Using the approach, we will examine the benefits of collaboration between disciplines, an interdisciplinary screening process, and the importance of sharing information from comprehensive discipline-specific evaluations. We also will discuss the importance of having an understanding of the varied scopes of practice, the utilization of outcome measurement tools, and a patient-centered assessment approach to care.

The Diabetes Simulation Challenge: Enhancing Patient Perspective-Taking for Medical Students

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Shaffer-Hudkins ◽  
Sara Hinojosa Orbeck ◽  
Kathy Bradley-Klug ◽  
Nicole Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Patient Centered Care ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Centered Care

The Diabetes Simulation Challenge is a unique training tool to foster empathy, a key facet of patient-centered care, for medical students. Thirty-two medical students participated in a 24-hour perspective-taking activity as part of their curriculum, during which they simulated some common experiences of living with a chronic health condition, specifically type 1 diabetes. Students’ written reflections were analyzed using a phenomenological qualitative approach to provide a composite description of the experience. An exhaustive, iterative method of thematic analysis that included manual coding was used to determine whether this activity led to expressions of empathy or thoughts and beliefs consistent with patient-centered health care. Nine unique themes emerged, six of which indicated that students adopted the perspective of an individual with a chronic illness. Most of the students’ reflections illustrated an understanding of the behavioral, social, and emotional challenges related to living with type 1 diabetes, as well as increased empathy toward individuals with the disease. Medical students who aim to provide patient-centered care benefited from this perspective-taking exercise, and training programs should consider using such methods to extend learning beyond traditional didactic education.

“All of the above”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Anna B. Moukouri Kouch ◽  
Nicolas P. Schweizer ◽  
Glenn Treisman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The emphasis of holistic care, especially in persons living with HIV (PLWH) has moved to the forefront of healthcare. HIV was previously considered a death sentence, but with innovative antiretroviral therapy (ART), it is now considered a chronic condition. With patients consistently living longer, there is also an increasing burden of neuropsychiatric disorders that necessitate vigilance on the part of providers. HIV as a chronic health condition often co-occurs with the diseases of addiction and mental illnesses. The patients often present with some of the most common psychiatric mental health conditions: mood disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder, with psychosis sometimes a component of all of them. This burden of comorbid conditions in combination with risk factors and other vulnerabilities can further impair ART adherence and increases the risk of risk-taking behaviors in PLWH, all of which worsen mortality. Treating these patients in a multidisciplinary environment has been shown to be the most effective way to deliver quality care.

scholarly journals School academic performance of children hospitalised with a chronic condition

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-321285
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Joanna Fardell ◽  
Claire E Wakefield ◽  
Glenn M Marshall ◽  
Jane C Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Academic Underperformance ◽  
Grade 3

ObjectiveTo examine academic outcomes among children hospitalised with a chronic health condition.DesignPopulation-level birth cohort.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.Participants397 169 children born 2000–2006 followed up to 2014.Intervention/exposureHospitalisations with a chronic condition.Main outcome measuresAcademic underperformance was identified as ‘below the national minimum standard’ (BNMS) in five literacy/numeracy domains using the national assessment (National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy) data. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the adjusted ORs (aORs) of children performing BNMS in each domain at each grade (grades 3, 5 and 7, respectively).ResultsOf children hospitalised with a chronic condition prior to National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) (16%–18%), 9%–12% missed ≥1 test, with a maximum of 37% of those hospitalised ≥7 times, compared with 4%–5% of children not hospitalised. Excluding children who missed a NAPLAN test, more children hospitalised with a chronic condition performed BNMS across all domains and grades, compared with children not hospitalised (eg, for BNMS in reading at grade 3: n=2588, aOR 1.35 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.42); for BNMS in numeracy at grade 3: n=2619, aOR 1.51 (95% CI 1.43 to 1.59)). Increasing frequency and bed-days of hospitalisation were associated with 2–3 fold increased odds of performing BNMS across all domains and grades. Children hospitalised with mental health/behavioural conditions had the highest odds of performing BNMS across all domains at each grade.ConclusionsChildren hospitalised with a chronic condition underperform academically across literacy/numeracy domains at each school grade. Health and educational supports are needed to improve these children’s academic outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors That Motivate Older Adults to Participate in Research: Typologies and Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 554-554
Author(s):  
Zhe He ◽  
Mia Lustria ◽  
Shubo Tian ◽  
Maedeh Agharazidermani ◽  
Walter Boot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Reminder System ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Research Volunteers ◽  
Retention Practices ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Abstract A key challenge for scholars who study aging is identifying a pool of research volunteers willing to participate. Toolkits and strategies acknowledge the differences in recruitment needed for older adults relative to younger adults, but there is little information about variations among older adult research volunteers. Based on a community sample of older adults age 60+, this study evaluates differences across seven specific motivators across three broad categories: values/altruism, personal growth/improvement, and immediate gratification. We then identify and evaluate four typologies of older adult volunteers based on the combinations of motivations the older adults in our sample identify as important to participation in research studies. Based on these analyses, we describe how our results might inform recruitment and retention practices in aging studies. Further, we will discuss how these results will help shape our technology-based reminder system with a greater understanding of motivations.

Hospital Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Call for Action

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Bocock ◽  
Heather H. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Term Care

The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) provides accurate health information needed to establish sound health care policies. The CIHI mandate is to develop and coordinate a uniform approach to health care information in Canada. The institute uses the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system to record the most responsible diagnosis for each hospital admission. This investigation was conducted to determine if six ICD protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) codes could be used for health care utilization analyses. Aggregate data (1996 to 2000) from the CIHI discharge abstract database were used. The data analyzed were the most responsible diagnoses data for the six PCM codes and a single summary statistic for all other “non-malnutrition” diagnoses for all long-term care facility residents aged 65 or older who were transferred to an acute care facility. In this population, fewer than five hospital admissions per year were assigned a PCM code. There were too few PCM cases to do trend analyses for morbidity or mortality. This study suggests a lack of recognition and documentation of PCM as a specific health condition in older adults. Lack of tracking of this diagnosis prevents documentation that could lead to policy changes to support older adults’ nutrition.

Sadness in older persons: 13-year follow-up of a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. GALLO ◽  
P. V. RABINS ◽  
J. C. ANTHONY
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Younger Adults

Background. Our prior psychometric work suggested that older adults interviewed in 1981 in a community survey were less likely than younger adults to report dysphoria. We hypothesized that this would also be true of older adults interviewed 13 years later.Methods. This study is a population-based 13-year follow-up survey of community-dwelling adults living in East Baltimore in 1981. Subjects were the continuing participants of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. After excluding 269 adults who were 65 years of age and older at initial interview in 1981, 1651 adults remained (347 aged 65 years and older and 1304 who were 30–64 years-old at follow-up).We applied structural equations with a measurement model for dichotomous data (the MIMIC – multiple indicators, multiple causes – model) to compare symptoms between adults who were 65 years and older at follow-up with younger adults, in relation to the nine symptom groups comprising the diagnostic criteria for major depression, adjusting for several potentially influential characteristics (namely, gender, self-reported ethnicity, educational attainment, cognitive impairment, marital status and employment).Results. Older adults were less likely to endorse sadness as evidenced by a direct effect coefficient of −0·335 (95% Confidence Interval −0·643, −0·027). After adjusting for several potentially influential characteristics, the direct effect of age was substantially unchanged (−0·298 (95% CI −0·602, −0·006)).Conclusions. Older adults in 1994, like older adults in 1981, were less likely to endorse sadness than younger persons. This finding suggests, but does not prove, that the observed age difference in reporting depression does not reflect a cohort effect.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Pain in People Aged 60 Years and above in Singapore: Results from the WiSE Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratika Satghare ◽  
Siow Ann Chong ◽  
Janhavi Vaingankar ◽  
Louisa Picco ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Singapore Chinese ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

Background. Although pain is experienced among people of all ages, there is a need to study its risk factors and impact among older adults.Aims. The study sought to determine the prevalence, sociodemographics, and clinical correlates of pain along with association of pain with disability among older adults in Singapore.Methods. The WiSE study was a comprehensive cross-sectional, single phase, epidemiological survey conducted among the elderly aged 60 years and above and used a nationally representative sample of three main ethnic groups in Singapore: Chinese, Malays, and Indians. The survey administered 10/66 protocol pain questionnaire, sociodemographic questionnaire, health status questionnaire, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS 2.0), and Geriatric Mental State (GMS) examination.Results. A total of 2565 respondents completed the study giving a response rate of 65.5%. The prevalence of pain among the elderly aged 60 years and above is 19.5 %. Females, incomplete primary education Indians, and those diagnosed with any chronic health condition were associated with risk of pain and disability.Conclusion. Study findings showed that disability related to pain among the elderly is considerable making it a priority to reduce the morbidity and disability among the elderly with pain.

Knowledge and Attitudes About Ageing: Their Effects on Auditory Rehabilitation Recommendations

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Elinor Seville ◽  
Fiona M. Alpass ◽  
Nancy Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

As the proportion of the population over age 65 in many countries continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important for health care professionals to have well-grounded knowledge of ageing processes and positive attitudes towards their older clients. In New Zealand the third most limiting chronic health condition for older adults is hearing impairment. In this study, audiologists and hearing therapists in New Zealand were asked to complete measures of knowledge and attitudes towards older adults as well as a vignette measuring treatment options. While it was hypothesised that, due to audiologists' higher overall levels of academic qualifications gained, audiologists would have more knowledge and therefore better attitudes towards older adults, there was no difference between the groups' knowledge levels. Further analyses suggested that attitudes held were in part a function of gender and possibly education, with less educated females having more positive attitudes. While all participants had positive attitudes these did not always result in the most appropriate treatment. It was concluded that a lack of specific gerontological knowledge rather than negative attitudes resulted in less appropriate treatment recommendations for older adults.

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