scholarly journals Variations in the path of the inferior alveolar canal. Review of the literature.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233
Author(s):  
Jaime Acuña ◽  
Javier Zambrano ◽  
Ramiro García
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
Alveolar Duct ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal

The knowledge and application of anatomy is essential for any professional involved in the evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the different alterations of the maxillofacial complex. The ignorance of the anatomical relationships of the inferior alveolar duct in the different surgical procedures can lacerate, compress or stretch the nerve generating lesions such as neuropraxia, axonotmesis and neurotmesis. The objective of this review is to describe the variations of the inferior alveolar duct course reported in the literature. There are 6 possible categories in which the variations of the CAI can be classified: 4 views in panoramic radiographs (two dimensions) and 2 views in computerized axial tomography (three dimensions). The inferior alveolar duct presents a great variability between patients and populations, which accentuate the product of tooth loss and alveolar reabsorption. Computed tomography of conic beam is the most suitable method for its evaluation.

scholarly journals Computerized axial tomography and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.M. Bittencourt ◽  
Brian E. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Acute Presentation ◽  
Computed Axial Tomography ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Biopsy

Computed axial tomography (C.T.) findings are illustrated in 3 patients who presented with C.T. changes suggesting respectively chronic M.S., acute M.S., and an appearance simulating a malignant tumour. Review of the literature shows that the chronic form with cerebral atrophy and low density lesions in the hemispheres is common in patients with a long history and is unlikely to cause diagnostic difficulty. The acute presentation is less common and could be confused with a variety of causes of multiple low density enhancing lesions. The C.T. diagnosis of M.S. is more difficult in rare cases in which plaques cause mass effect and show ring enhancement; all 3 such cases in the literature were subjected to cerebral biopsy.

scholarly journals Multiple Hepatic Abscesses Following Yersinia Enterocolitica Septicemia

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Colizza ◽  
Serge LePage ◽  
Jean-François LaJoie ◽  
Raymond Duperval ◽  
André Marcoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scan

Septicemia from Yersinia enterocolitica is unusual. Hepatic involvement occurring in this clinical setting is a rare complication. A case of a 64-year-old man who developed septicemia from Y enterocolitica is reported. Abdominal ultrasound and computerized axial tomography scan revealed multiple defects in liver parenchyma compatible with abscesses. After treatment with intravenous aminoglycosides followed by trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole, recovery was complete. General considerations regarding the manifestations and pathogenesis of Y enterocolitica are discussed, with a review of the literature.

scholarly journals Data on Orientation to Happiness in Higher Education Institutions from Mexico and El Salvador

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Domingo Villavicencio-Aguilar ◽  
Edgardo René Chacón-Andrade ◽  
Maria Fernanda Durón-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T

Happiness-oriented people are vital in every society; this is a construct formed by three different types of happiness: pleasure, meaning, and engagement, and it is considered as an indicator of mental health. This study aims to provide data on the levels of orientation to happiness in higher-education teachers and students. The present paper contains data about the perception of this positive aspect in two Latin American countries, Mexico and El Salvador. Structure instruments to measure the orientation to happiness were administrated to 397 teachers and 260 students. This data descriptor presents descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), and differences (Student’s t-test) presented by country, population (teacher/student), and gender of their orientation to happiness and its three dimensions: meaning, pleasure, and engagement. Stepwise-multiple-regression-analysis results are also presented. Results indicated that participants from both countries reported medium–high levels of meaning and engagement happiness; teachers reported higher levels than those of students in these two dimensions. Happiness resulting from pleasure activities was the least reported in general. Males and females presented very similar levels of orientation to happiness. Only the population (teacher/student) showed a predictive relationship with orientation to happiness; however, the model explained a small portion of variance in this variable, which indicated that other factors are more critical when promoting orientation to happiness in higher-education institutions.

scholarly journals Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afkhami-Jeddi ◽  
Henry Cohn ◽  
Thomas Hartman ◽  
Amirhossein Tajdini
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Central Charge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
Holographic Duality

Abstract We study the torus partition functions of free bosonic CFTs in two dimensions. Integrating over Narain moduli defines an ensemble-averaged free CFT. We calculate the averaged partition function and show that it can be reinterpreted as a sum over topologies in three dimensions. This result leads us to conjecture that an averaged free CFT in two dimensions is holographically dual to an exotic theory of three-dimensional gravity with U(1)c×U(1)c symmetry and a composite boundary graviton. Additionally, for small central charge c, we obtain general constraints on the spectral gap of free CFTs using the spinning modular bootstrap, construct examples of Narain compactifications with a large gap, and find an analytic bootstrap functional corresponding to a single self-dual boson.

Turbulent three-dimensional dielectric electrohydrodynamic convection between two plates

2012 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 228-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kourmatzis ◽  
J. S. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Scalar Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scalar Variance

AbstractThe fundamental mechanisms responsible for the creation of electrohydrodynamically driven roll structures in free electroconvection between two plates are analysed with reference to traditional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Previously available knowledge limited to two dimensions is extended to three-dimensions, and a wide range of electric Reynolds numbers is analysed, extending into a fully inherently three-dimensional turbulent regime. Results reveal that structures appearing in three-dimensional electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are similar to those observed for RBC, and while two-dimensional EHD results bear some similarities with the three-dimensional results there are distinct differences. Analysis of two-point correlations and integral length scales show that full three-dimensional electroconvection is more chaotic than in two dimensions and this is also noted by qualitatively observing the roll structures that arise for both low (${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 1$) and high electric Reynolds numbers (up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 120$). Furthermore, calculations of mean profiles and second-order moments along with energy budgets and spectra have examined the validity of neglecting the fluctuating electric field ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ in the Reynolds-averaged EHD equations and provide insight into the generation and transport mechanisms of turbulent EHD. Spectral and spatial data clearly indicate how fluctuating energy is transferred from electrical to hydrodynamic forms, on moving through the domain away from the charging electrode. It is shown that ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ is not negligible close to the walls and terms acting as sources and sinks in the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent scalar flux and turbulent scalar variance equations are examined. Profiles of hydrodynamic terms in the budgets resemble those in the literature for RBC; however there are terms specific to EHD that are significant, indicating that the transfer of energy in EHD is also attributed to further electrodynamic terms and a strong coupling exists between the charge flux and variance, due to the ionic drift term.

Computerized Axial Tomography in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Kunimitsu Yamamoto ◽  
Tadahiro Mihara ◽  
Eiki Kobayashi ◽  
Kenji Yamashita ◽  
Tetsuhiko Asakura
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography

scholarly journals Different Reasons for Different Responses: A Review of Incumbents’ Adaptation in Carbon-Intensive Industries

2020 ◽  
pp. 108602661989399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Sump ◽  
Sangyoon Yi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Heterogeneity

Organizations often respond in different ways to common external shocks. To advance theories on organizational adaptation and performance heterogeneity, it is essential to understand different reasons for different organizational responses. We examine how incumbents in carbon-intensive industries adapt to heightened environmental pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Based on a review of the literature, we propose three dimensions along which diverse organizational responses can be efficiently mapped out: goal, timing, and scope. Building on our proposed dimensions, we develop a typology of five different organizational responses. With this, we show that organizational responses are more diverse than a one-dimensional scale could show but that the heterogeneity is somehow limited as the positions on the dimensions are not independent but correlated. To understand this observed limited heterogeneity, we proceed by identifying reasons behind different organizational responses. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for research on organizational adaptation and sustainability.

scholarly journals On the forces that cable webs under tension can support and how to design cable webs to channel stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 475 (2223) ◽  
pp. 20180781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Bouchitté ◽  
Ornella Mattei ◽  
Graeme W. Milton ◽  
Pierre Seppecher
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Convex Hull ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

In many applications of structural engineering, the following question arises: given a set of forces f 1 ,  f 2 , …,  f N applied at prescribed points x 1 ,  x 2 , …,  x N , under what constraints on the forces does there exist a truss structure (or wire web) with all elements under tension that supports these forces? Here we provide answer to such a question for any configuration of the terminal points x 1 ,  x 2 , …,  x N in the two- and three-dimensional cases. Specifically, the existence of a web is guaranteed by a necessary and sufficient condition on the loading which corresponds to a finite dimensional linear programming problem. In two dimensions, we show that any such web can be replaced by one in which there are at most P elementary loops, where elementary means that the loop cannot be subdivided into subloops, and where P is the number of forces f 1 ,  f 2 , …,  f N applied at points strictly within the convex hull of x 1 ,  x 2 , …,  x N . In three dimensions, we show that, by slightly perturbing f 1 ,  f 2 , …,  f N , there exists a uniloadable web supporting this loading. Uniloadable means it supports this loading and all positive multiples of it, but not any other loading. Uniloadable webs provide a mechanism for channelling stress in desired ways.

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