scholarly journals Investigating the potential of visual news narratives to reduce mental illness stigma

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Roma Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Nearly 50 percent of individuals in the United States will develop at least one mental illness during their lifetime (Reeves et al., 2011). Although mental illness can be treated, most people with mental illness do not seek treatment (Phelan, Link, Stueve, and Pescosolido, 2000). Stigma against mental illness is considered to be a major obstacle to treatment and recovery (USDHHS, 1999). Narratives have the potential to reduce mental illness stigma (for example, Oliver et al., 2012; Chang, 2008). This study extends work on the persuasive potential of narratives by investigating the effects of a particular type of visual narrative on reducing mental illness stigma: Comics. Comics are commonly used in health communication messaging and are believed to offer cognitive and emotional benefits. Drawing on the stigma communication model, multimedia learning theory, attribution theory, risk perception, and visual persuasion as well as the concept of social determinants of health, a 3 (image type: cartoon, photo, text) x 2 (disease type: depression, bipolar disorder) between-subjects online experiment was conducted to determine whether narrative news stories about mental illness illustrated with abstract/interpretational images (specifically, cartoons, which are a key characteristic of comics) are more effective at reducing mental illness stigma than those illustrated with realistic/representational images, specifically, photographs. Results indicated that for the depression narratives, photographs elicited significantly more anti-stigma behavioral intentions, such as support for mental health policy, likelihood to share the message, and decrease in social distancing behavior, than text alone; further, these effects were mediated by identification and/or connectedness with the story's protagonist. Also, for the depression condition, mean values for the cartoon condition were not significantly lower than those for the photograph condition. For the narratives on bipolar disorder, there were no significant differences between the conditions for any of the outcome variables; however, when it came to empathic response -- identification, pity, connectedness -- the mean values for the cartoon condition were the highest. The study contributes theoretically to work on the use of narratives in stigma communication as well as provides practical implications for the use of comics in health communication messages.

EXPLICIT-IMPLICIT DISCREPANCY IN MACRO-LEVEL MENTAL ILLNESS STIGMA IS LINKED TO PREVALENCE AND CARE

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 675-707
Author(s):  
Miranda L. Beltzer ◽  
Robert G. Moulder ◽  
Abigail L. Starns ◽  
Bethany A. Teachman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Perceived Dangerousness

Introduction: This study explores the associations in the United States between each state's stereotypes about the dangerousness of people with mental illness and important outcomes for people with mental illness. Methods: Implicit association test and questionnaire data from 17,312 online participants were aggregated within states and years. Each state's annual average implicit and explicit stereotypes were used to predict state differences in prevalence, and treatment, unemployment, and homelessness among people with mental illness. Results: Implicit and explicit perceived dangerousness interact such that in states with low explicit perceived dangerousness, implicit perceived dangerousness is positively associated with all outcomes. In states with high explicit perceived dangerousness, implicit perceived dangerousness is negatively associated with homelessness. Discussion: Explicit-implicit discrepancy in macro-level perceived dangerousness is generally associated with worse outcomes for people with mental illness, but the effects are small. Macro-level stereotypes might have larger effects in smaller regions, like counties, than in states.

scholarly journals Perceptions about mental illness in a sample of portuguese polytechnic students

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1484-1484
Author(s):  
C. Queiros ◽  
S. Faria ◽  
A.J. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
On Line

IntroductionPeople with mental illness are frequently perceived as dangerous, suffering social stigma and exclusion. Deinstitutionalization movement implies a closer contact between citizen and individuals with mental illness. However, social perceptions can be a barrier to social inclusion, provoking unfavorable attitudes. Some studies found that social rejection is different according the pathology. Vogel and Boysen (2008) found that different mental illnesses provoke different attitudes of social distance. Norman and colleagues (2008) found that social distance was associated with the diagnosis, provoking schizophrenia greater social distance than depression.AimsCompare the perceptions about mental illness (in general), depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.MethodsData were collected using a translation of Mental Illness Stigma Scale (Day, 2007), fulfill on-line and in an anonym way by 315 Portuguese polytechnic students, studying in brief technological courses. The sample was composed by 69% male and 31% female; mean age 26.5 years.ResultsStudents have little contact with people with mental illness (mean = 1.5 in a Likert scale 1–5 points) but they fell comfortable when they contact a friend or a neighbor with mental illness (respectively, mean = 3.2 and mean = 2.7). They present some anxiety when they interact with people with mental illness and they avoid this contact, revealing attitudes of social exclusion. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder was perceived more negatively than depression.ConclusionsDeinstitutionalization movement provokes more contact between citizens and individuals with mental illness, but social stigma still exist. Students can learn how to interact with those persons without anxiety and help to do better social inclusion.

The History of the Treatment of Mental Illness

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Lauren Mizock ◽  
Zlatka Russinova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 1 reviews the history of psychiatric treatment of people with mental illness in the United States and Western Europe, highlighting past perspectives in care, such as ancient trephination and exorcism during the demonology era, humorism in early Greek and Roman thought, a return to demonological perspectives in the Middle Ages, as well as mesmerism and psychoanalysis in the 19th and 20th centuries. The 20th-century biological perspective is described, including the use of insulin shock therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and lobotomy. Next, the development of more humane treatment approaches is discussed, such as the moral treatment movement of the 1800s. The ex-patient’s movement of the 1970s is reviewed, leading up to the contemporary recovery-oriented and psychosocial rehabilitation models of care. The impact of stigma on the acceptance of serious mental illness is explored throughout this history. Discussion questions, activities, and diagrams are also included.

scholarly journals Dental visits in Medicaid-enrolled youth with mental illness: an analysis of administrative claims data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica L. Stockbridge ◽  
Eleena Dhakal ◽  
Stacey B. Griner ◽  
Abiah D. Loethen ◽  
Joseph F. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Administrative Claims Data

Abstract Background State Medicaid plans across the United States provide dental insurance coverage to millions of young persons with mental illness (MI), including those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. There are significant oral health challenges associated with MI, and providing dental care to persons with MI while they are young provides a foundation for future oral health. However, little is known about the factors associated with the receipt of dental care in young Medicaid enrollees with MI. We aimed to identify mental and physical health and sociodemographic characteristics associated with dental visits among this population. Methods We retrospectively analyzed administrative claims data from a Medicaid specialty health plan (September 2014 to December 2015). All enrollees in the plan had MI and were ≥ 7 years of age; data for enrollees aged 7 to 20 years were analyzed. We used two-level, mixed effects regression models to explore the relationships between enrollee characteristics and dental visits during 2015. Results Of 6564 Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI, 29.0% (95% CI, 27.9, 30.1%) had one or more visits with a dentist or dental hygienist. Within youth with MI, neither anxiety (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.15, p = 0.111), post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.31, p = 0.075), depression (AOR = 1.02, p = 0.831), bipolar disorder (AOR = 0.97, p = 0.759), nor schizophrenia (AOR = 0.83, p = 0.199) was associated with dental visits in adjusted analyses, although having ADHD was significantly associated with higher odds of dental visits relative to not having this condition (AOR = 1.34, p < 0.001). Age, sex, race/ethnicity, language, and education were also significantly associated with visits (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Dental utilization as measured by annual dental visits was lower in Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI relative to the general population of Medicaid-enrolled youth. However, utilization varied within the population of Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI, and we identified a number of characteristics significantly associated with the receipt of dental services. By identifying these variations in dental service use this study facilitates the development of targeted strategies to increase the use of dental care in – and consequently improve the current and long-term wellbeing of – the vulnerable population of Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI.

Diagnostic review and revision

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohrab Zahedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Correctional Setting ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Fluctuating Course ◽  
One Year

The criminalization of people with mental illness is a sad commentary on the United States’ mental health system. Yet, the phenomenon presents the field of psychiatry with an opportunity that is now scarce in civil society: lengths of sentence in terms of weeks to years that allow for in-depth observation and treatment of the inmate with mental illness. A few days in a hospital fails to provide the needed opportunity for a detailed and accurate evaluation. Today, people with mental illness account for more than one million annual arrests and many among these individuals will spend weeks to months in jail before being either transferred to a prison for sentences beyond one year or released back into the community. At its core, psychiatric diagnosis relies on the subjective complaints of the patient and objective signs noted on examination. Considering the chronic and fluctuating course of most psychiatric diagnoses, a thorough assessment also requires a review of past documented behaviors. When someone is hospitalized for a psychiatric condition, the first goal is often observation, followed by diagnosis, and then treatment. Psychiatric hospitals are being greatly constrained in the amount of time available for observation and accurate diagnosis; the correctional setting, as an unintended consequence of mass incarceration, provides an extended opportunity to achieve improved diagnostic accuracy. This chapter reflects on the diagnostic opportunities that a jail or a prison setting affords.

scholarly journals Using theatre to address mental illness stigma: a knowledge translation study in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E Michalak ◽  
James D Livingston ◽  
Victoria Maxwell ◽  
Rachelle Hole ◽  
Lisa D Hawke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Translation Study

scholarly journals Resolving mental illness stigma: Should we seek normalcy or solidarity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
The Public ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Pros And Cons

SummaryTwo approaches have emerged to deal with the stigma of mental illness: normalcy, where people with mental illness are framed as ‘just like everyone else’; and solidarity, where the public agrees to stand with those with mental illness regardless of their symptoms. Pros and cons of each approach are considered.

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