scholarly journals STUDI SISTEM PENTANAHAN SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI(SUTT) PENGHANTAR 150 KV LUBUK LINGGAU - PEKALONGAN PT. PLN (PERSERO) UNIT PEMBANGKIT DAN TRAMSISI (UPT) BENGKULU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Dian Eka Putra ◽  
Fitra Angga
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Resistance Value

High-voltage 150 kV air ducts that use open wire are very likely to cause interference, both external and internal interference. And one of the most common disorders is due to lightning strikes. To optimize the distribution of electrical energy in the high voltage air duct, an earth system is installed at the foot of the tower. This study was conducted to calculate the value of foot tower resistance installed on 150 kV high voltage air line  Lubuk Linggau - Pekalongan. Here it will also be discussed to minimize the resistance in earth that exceeds the set standard. Based on measurements using earth tester obtained several towers have a resistance value exceeding the standard on Tower T.20 of 14.5 ohms, Tower T.53 of 12.43 Ohm and Tower T.151 10.33 ohms. After adding the electrode rod obtained by T.20 to 8.056 ohm, T.53 became 8.055 ohms, T.151 8.51 ohms. Of the total 150 kV high voltage  air ducts in Lubuk Linggau - Pekalongan, the grounding system is still good and capable of flowing the fault current to the ground

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBEBANAN TERHADAP NILAI RESISTANSI PENTANAHAN TRANSFORMATOR 250 KVA PADA GARDU BA 0005 PT. PLN (PERSERO) UP3 BENGKULU ULP TELUK SEGARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Grounding Resistance ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Electrical Distribution Networks ◽  
Resistance Value

             A distribution transformer as an electromagnetic device that converts and transfers electrical energy to the primary and secondary electrical distribution networks, is directly related to the ever changing load center. As a result of high loading and unbalance will cause an increase in neutral induced currents, of course, to anticipate changes in load that cause neutral phase currents in distribution transformers required grounding resistance values or low grounding in the neutral phase.The resistance value or grounding resistance according to the General Electrical Installation Requirements (PUIL) 2000 and SPLN3-1978 Regarding PLN Low Voltage Network Grounding and Installation Grounding does not exceed 5 ? or a maximum of 5 ?. The calculation results obtained the value of the grounding resistance in the neutral phase and the transformer body 250 KVA BA 0005 Distribution Substation, namely 4.11 ?. From these results it is necessary to have a comparative study of the resistance value from the calculation results with the value of the direct measurement results in the neutral phase grounding system and the 250 KVA transformer body BA 0005 Distribution Substation. From the results of direct measurements between 14.00 to 15.00 WIB with 50 percent loading on The transformer has the largest value of resistance in the neutral phase of 8.1 ? and on the transformer body of 8.3 ?. Keywords: 250 KVA Transformer, Grounding Resistance, Neutral Phase, Body Transformer

scholarly journals Ufer Grounding System to Minimize Risk of Lightning Strike using Concrete Mixed with Bentonite and Coconut Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yul Martin ◽  
Diah Permata ◽  
Annisa Ulya ◽  
Dikpride Despa ◽  
Marwansyah Marwansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Grounding Resistance ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Coated Electrodes

The increasing frequency of lightning strikes endangers human safety and life. The grounding system was introduced to face the lightning strikes. This research aimed to understand the changes of grounding resistance value using concrete mixed with bentonite and coconut fiber. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering, University of Lampung. The research was started from October 2017 to April 2018. This research used the Ufer grounding system. Concretes with (25 x 25 x 30) cm3 in volume were planted at a depth of 50 cm with copper-coated electrodes that were 16 mm in diameter. 4 concrete was produce with different component T1= concrete, 30% bentonite, T2= concrete, 30% bentonite, 1.5% coconut fiber, T3= concrete, 30% bentonite, 0.75% coconut fiber, T4= concrete + 1.5% coconut fiber. The results show that the lowest grounding resistance values were 45.896 Ω on the concrete with bentonite: cement: sand: gravel = 0.3: 0.7: 2: 4. By adding 1.5% coconut fiber, the grounding resistance value is 3.5 times smaller than the grounding resistance values of the soil (161.2 Ω). Adding bentonite and coconut fiber can decrease the grounding resistance values

scholarly journals Solid-State DC Circuit Breakers and their Comparison in Modular Multilevel Converter Based-HVDC Transmission System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Gul Ahmad Ludin ◽  
Mohammad Amin Amin ◽  
Hidehito Matayoshi ◽  
Shriram S. Rangarajan ◽  
Ashraf M. Hemeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
Dc Circuit Breakers

This paper proposes a new and surge-less solid-state direct current (DC) circuit breaker in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system to clear the short-circuit fault. The main purpose is the fast interruption and surge-voltage and over-current suppression capability analysis of the breaker during the fault. The breaker is equipped with series insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches to mitigate the stress of high voltage on the switches. Instead of conventional metal oxide varistor (MOV), the resistance–capacitance freewheeling diodes branch is used to bypass the high fault current and repress the over-voltage across the circuit breaker. The topology and different operation modes of the proposed breaker are discussed. In addition, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed circuit breaker, it is compared with two other types of surge-less solid-state DC circuit breakers in terms of surge-voltage and over-current suppression. For this purpose, MATLAB Simulink simulation software is used. The system is designed for the transmission of 20 MW power over a 120 km distance where the voltage of the transmission line is 220 kV. The results show that the fault current is interrupted in a very short time and the surge-voltage and over-current across the proposed breaker are considerably reduced compared to other topologies.

Analysis of Unsymmetrical Faults in High Voltage Power Systems With Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 2347-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stemmle ◽  
C. Neumann ◽  
F. Merschel ◽  
U. Schwing ◽  
K.-H. Weck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiters

scholarly journals Earth-termination system for onshore wind Turbines.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7-2020) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Liubov A. Belova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Grounding System ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Wind Turbine Towers ◽  
Surge Protection

The earth-termination system for towers of ground-based wind turbines in addition to protective and functional grounding provides lightning protection grounding, which is especially important since the wind turbine is susceptible to lightning strikes. If insufficient protective measures are taken, the risk of damage to a wind turbine due to a lightning strike increases. Therefore, a well-thought-out built-in grounding system for wind turbine towers is needed, which would function as necessary and guarantee long-term mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The configuration of grounding systems for wind turbines is discussed in IEC 61400-24, which deals with the topic of lightning protection for wind turbines, including detailed information on the choice of lightning protection measures and surge protection. It is advisable to create a lightning protection concept at the initial stage of planning a wind turbine in order to avoid later costly repairs and retrofitting.

scholarly journals Operation Modes of HV/MV Substations

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Josifs Survilo ◽  
Antons Kutjuns
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Mode 3

Operation Modes of HV/MV SubstationsA distribution network consists of high voltage grid, medium voltage grid, and low voltage grid. Medium voltage grid is connected to high voltage grid via substations with HV/MV transformers. The substation may contain one, mostly two but sometimes even more transformers. Out of reliability and expenditure considerations the two transformer option prevail over others mentioned. For two transformer substation, there may be made choice out of several operation modes: 1) two (small) transformers, with rated power each over 0.7 of maximum substation load, permanently in operation; 2) one (big) transformer, with rated power over maximum substation load, permanently in operation and small transformer in constant cold reserve; 3) big transformer in operation in cold season, small transformer-in warm one. Considering transformer load losses and no load losses and observing transformer loading factor β it can be said that the mode 1) is less advantageous. The least power losses has the mode 3). There may be singled out yet three extra modes of two transformer substations: 4) two big transformers in permanent operation; 5) one big transformer permanently in operation and one such transformer in cold reserve; 6) two small transformers in operation in cold season of the year, in warm season-one small transformer on duty. At present mostly two transformers of equal power each are installed on substations and in operation is one of them, hence extra mode 5). When one transformer becomes faulty, it can be changed for smaller one and the third operation mode can be practiced. Extra mode 4) is unpractical in all aspects. The mode 6) has greater losses than the mode 3) and is not considered in detail. To prove the advantage of the third mode in sense of power losses, the notion of effective utilization time of power losses was introduced and it was proven that relative value of this quantity diminishes with loading factor β. The use of advantageous substation option would make it possible to save notable amount of electrical energy but smaller transformer lifetime of this option must be taken into account as well.

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