scholarly journals Use of 99m Tc in The Field of Radiofarmation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Faruk Jayanto Kelutur ◽  
Holis Abdul Holik
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Gamma Energy ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Sodium Pertechnetate ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Sterile Filtration ◽  
Material Preparation

A B S T R A C TTechnetium-99m ( 99m Tc) has been applied in nuclear medicine as a radiopharmacyfor both diagnosis and therapy. 99m Tc is obtained from a 99 Mo/ 99m Tc (half-life 66 h)generator in the form of sodium pertechnetate (Na[ 99m TcO 4 ]) by decaying to 99 Tc for 6hours and emitting gamma energy rays (Eɤ = 140 keV). This radionuclide has anelectron configuration of 4d 5 5s 2 , which will form complexes with different ligandsand have oxidation rates from +1 to +7. The coordinated complex of technetium-99mhas been utilized in nuclear medicine in tissues and organs (thyroid, red and whiteblood cells, kidneys, brain, myocardial, and bone). The resulting kit production musthave based on Good Manufacturing Practice, which consists of batch planning,washing, sterilization of glassware and stopper, starting material, preparation oflarge quantities of the solution, sterile filtration, dispensing, crimping, a summary ofprocess control, quarantine, packaging and leaving the production premises.

scholarly journals Guideline on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) for the small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nic Gillings ◽  
Olaug Hjelstuen ◽  
Jim Ballinger ◽  
Martin Behe ◽  
Clemens Decristoforo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Purification Step ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sterile Filtration ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis guideline on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) for small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals represents the view of the Radiopharmacy Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). The guideline is laid out in the format of the EU Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines as defined in EudraLex volume 4. It is intended for non-commercial sites such as hospital radiopharmacies, nuclear medicine departments, research PET centres and in general any healthcare establishments. In the first section, general aspects which are applicable to all levels of operations are discussed. The second section discusses the preparation of small-scale radiopharmaceuticals (SSRP) using licensed generators and kits. Finally, the third section goes into the more complex preparation of SSRP from non-licensed starting materials, often requiring a purification step and sterile filtration. The intention is that the guideline will assist radiopharmacies in the preparation of diagnostic and therapeutic SSRP’s safe for human administration.

Molecular imaging and molecular guided Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (06) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
A. Jigalin ◽  
H. Lerch
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Therapy Planning ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Guided Therapy

SummaryAim and method: Scientific publications in the journal of Nuklearmedizin Molecular Imaging and Therapy during 2004/2005 were retrospectively examined for their potential classification to molecular imaging or molecular guided therapy, functional imaging and therapy, and were compared to earlier analyses. Results: Of the 57 original papers examined, 36 (63%) were assigned to the category of molecular imaging / molecular guided therapy. Within this category, the number of original papers on molecular guided therapy increased by 19% compared to preceding periods. There was a general overall increase in the proportion of experimental papers and more frequent inclusion of basic background subjects. Conclusion: The development of molecular imaging as a direct instrument in therapy planning leads to further promotion of molecular guided therapy. The structural advantage of nuclear medicine, uniting method-lead diagnosis and therapy within one specialist subject, predestines it to advance molecular imaging and molecular guided therapy.

Nuclear Medicine: Diagnosis and Therapy

Radiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-738
Author(s):  
Mitchel M. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

Nuclear medicine in cancer diagnosis and therapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chernov ◽  
R. Zeltchan ◽  
A. Medvedeva ◽  
I. Sinilkin ◽  
O. Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

scholarly journals The development of technology of Fludeoxyglucose (18F) for injection, laboratory analysis methods

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
V. V. Kachaniuk ◽  
V. V. Trokhymchuk ◽  
S. Y. Sarychev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
18F Fluorodeoxyglucose ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
First Time

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has optimal characteristics for use in nuclear medicine and is a priority among radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of cancer by positron emission tomography (PET). 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has the longest half-life with the lowest energy of radiation, it allows to obtain PET images of high contrast at low dose loading on the patient. Low energy positron radiation provides high spatial resolution of PET images. However, the half-life of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose  is large enough to allow the transportation of radiopharmaceuticals from the centralized production site to diagnostic centers with PET scanners (the so-called PET satellite concept), and to extend the time limits of PET research and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals [1]. The study is the development of technology and quality control methods to ensure quality at all stages of the production of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection. There was justified 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose production technology and quality control at all stages of production, based on complex research in the department producing radiopharmaceuticals Ukrainian Center of radiosurgery consisting Clinical Hospital «Feofaniya». Object of study – 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection, injection is used in nuclear medicine for PET diagnosis of cancer. We used the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical methods. For the first time based pharmaceutical research was the rational technology of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection for use in PET diagnosis of cancer patients. Methods of controlling drug 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection according monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis developed by established methods of control performance specifications and shelf life of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection.

The Influence of Different Spacers on Biological Profile of Peptide Radiopharmaceuticals for Diagnosis and Therapy of Human Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou M. Farahani ◽  
Fariba Maleki ◽  
Nourollah Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Radiolabeled Peptides ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Early detection can reduce the disadvantageous effects of diseases and the mortality in cancer. Nuclear medicine is a powerful tool that has the ability to diagnose malignancy without harming normal tissues. In recent years, radiolabeled peptides have been investigated as potent agents for cancer detection. Therefore, it is necessary to modify radiopeptides in order to achieve more effective agents. Objective: This review describes modifications in the structure of radioconjugates with spacers who have improved the specificity and sensitivity of the peptides that are used in oncologic diagnosis and therapy. Methods: To improve the biological activity, researchers have conjugated these peptide analogs to different spacers and bifunctional chelators. Many spacers of different kinds, such as hydrocarbon chain, amino acid sequence, and poly (ethyleneglycol) were introduced in order to modify the pharmacokinetic properties of these biomolecules. Results: Different spacers have been applied to develop radiolabeled peptides as potential tracers in nuclear medicine. Spacers with different charge and hydrophilicity affect the characteristics of peptide conjugate. For example, the complex with uncharged and hydrophobic spacers leads to increased liver uptake, while the composition with positively charged spacers results in high kidney retention. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of radio complexes correlates to the structure and total charge of the conjugates. Conclusion: Radio imaging technology has been successfully applied to detect a tumor in the earliest stage. For this purpose, the assessment of useful agents to diagnose the lesion is necessary. Developing peptide radiopharmaceuticals using spacers can improve in vitro and in vivo behavior of radiotracers leading to better noninvasive detection and monitoring of tumor growth.

THE BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF 99Mo AND 99Tcm IN RABBITS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GAMMA-COUNTING RATE OF PLASMA SAMPLES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
G. A. Robinson ◽  
A. McCarter
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Counting Rate ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Nuclear Decay ◽  
Gamma Energy ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Daughter Nuclide ◽  
Gamma Counting ◽  
Beta Emission ◽  
Biological Differentiation

Thirty-one rabbits were each injected intravenously with 250–450 μcuries molybdate-99Mo in transient equilibrium with 99Tcm. Blood samples were taken at intervals from 0.5 to 48 hours after the isotope injections. The gamma-counting rate of the blood plasma was recorded at 13 intervals during the 96 hours subsequent to the bleedings. Gamma curves, uncorrected for nuclear decay, were biphasic for 151 of the 194 samples. Recognizable first components (mean half-life ± s.e.m., 6.12 ± 0.10 hours). represented the buildup of 99Tcm to equilibrium levels in 53 samples (38 of these from rabbits fed on control diets) and decay of "excess" 99Tcm in 101 others (65 for rabbits fed on diets containing 0.4% Na2MoO4). The second components (mean half-life 65.9 ± 1.1 hours) represented a condition of transient equilibrium between 99Mo present in the samples at time of bleeding and the daughter nuclide. Biological differentiation of 99Mo and 99Tcm as observed in this study indicated that the indiscriminate measurement of gamma emissions for 99Mo-containing systems may give apparent 99Mo concentrations 0.57–2.31 times the actual values. Counting of either the total beta emission or a specific 99Mo gamma energy is recommended when the measurement of 99Mo is attempted.

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