ELEVATED PLASMA LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA, INF-GAMMA, IL-10 AND TGF-BETA IN MALARIA PATIENTS FROM TWO MALARIA NON-ENDEMIC REGIONS IN KARNATAKA, INDIA

Purpose: In India, Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic and accounts for 50-55% of the total malaria burden in the country. There has been limited sero-epidemiological data available from malaria non-endemic regions in Karnataka state. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon- γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) and correlate with malaria parasitaemia and infection type in vivax and falciparum malaria cases reported from two study centres. Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional observational study was conducted at BLDEU SHRI B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Vijayapur, Karnataka and BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka during 2016 to 2019. A total number of 45 microscopy positive and molecularly confirmed malaria cases were included in the study. Plasma samples were analyzed for the concentrations of four cytokines by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 20 uninfected healthy volunteers were used as controls. Correlation of cytokines and parasitemia was done using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The results show an overall significant elevation of plasma TNF-α (p<0.05), IFN-γ (p<0.005), IL-10 (p<0.001), and TGF-β (p<0.001) in malaria patients compared to healthy controls. Except TNF-α (p<0.001), there was no significant difference in infection type specific immune responses. No significant correlation was seen among all the four cytokines with parasite load. A Receiver operating curve (ROC) was generated and showed that TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ were the best individual predictors of malaria. Conclusions: We conclude that significantly elevated plasma concentrations of TNF-α-, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β in both P. vivax and P. falciparum cases suggest their active involvement in mounting defensive immune response against malaria infection. Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium vivax malaria, TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, Karnataka

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Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Plasmodium vivax Malaria Show Increased Nitrite and Nitrate Plasma Levels

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/169.6.1418 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 169 (6) ◽

pp. 1418-1419 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

A. K. Nussler ◽

W. Eling ◽

P. G. Kremsner

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Vivax Malaria ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽

Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

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Study various clinical manifestations and biochemical parameter for liver dysfunction in association with Plasmodium vivax malaria

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203460 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 3035

Author(s):

Bajranglal Banthia ◽

Saad Mohammad Shakir

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Liver Dysfunction ◽

Vivax Malaria ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Biochemical Parameter ◽

Research Centre ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

Background: Malaria is a parasitic disease which is majorly caused by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. It has been estimated that the most common type of malaria affecting the human race is known as Plasmodium vivax. Human malaria is a global burden with 3.4 billion people at risk over 91 endemic countries. According to the WHO, the involvement of liver dysfunction in Plasmodium vivax malaria is not an uncommon phenomenon. Aim of the research was to study various clinical manifestations and biochemical parameter for liver dysfunction in association with Plasmodium vivax malaria.Methods: It was an observational study carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, a tertiary care hospital situated in Moradabad for a period of 1 year (March 2017-Feb 2018). Total of 200 patients aged above 15 years, with either sex were part of it. All the patients having mixed malaria with dengue, pregnant women and the patients who did not give written consent for being a part of the study were excluded from the study. A detailed clinical examination was done, including all the hematological and biochemical examinations.Results: The results depicted that the number of male patients was 95, and the number of female patients was 105. The majority of the patients belonged to 15-30 years of age group. The major clinical features of the patients suffering from P. Vivax were fever and jaundice. The number of patients with serum bilirubin >3 mg/dl was 55.Conclusions: In light of the above results, it was evident that Plasmodium vivax has the capability of producing jaundice, hepatic dysfunction and anemia. The doctors must be very vigilant while treating the patients with Plasmodium vivax for any symptoms of jaundice as they are often misunderstood as hepatitis.

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