scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF PAPANICOLAOU AND ACETO-ORCEIN STAINS IN DEMONSTRATING BARR BODIES IN BUCCAL MUCOSAL SMEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poojitha Ram V ◽  
B R Yelikar ◽  
Anil Reddy K
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Barr Body ◽  
First Line ◽  
Carbol Fuchsin ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Orcein Staining

Introduction: Establishing one’s sexual identity has a critical role in medical conditions like ambiguous genitalia and in crime investigations. There are various investigations to determine the sexual identity of a person and Barr body evaluation in buccal smears forms the first line of investigation. Barr body estimation in buccal mucosal scrapes has been demonstrated by using different stains like Papanicolaou, Aceto-Orcein(AO), Feulgen, Guard, Cresyl violet, Carbol fuchsin and fluorescent staining methods, but with varying efficacy.  The current study is done to evaluate the efficacy of Papanicolaou and AO stains in demonstration of Barr bodies. Materials and Methods:  A total of 207 medical students were included in the study. Two buccal smears were collected from each student and subsequently, one was stained with Aceto-Orcein by squash technique and the other with Papanicolaou stain. Both slides were evaluated for percentage of Barr bodies using 1000x magnification and cytomorphological features in 400x. Results: The percentage of Barr bodies in AO stained slides ranged from 5-18 among females and 0-8 in males, while with Papanicolaou stain the ranges recorded were 4 – 12 in females,  0 – 2 in males. The accuracy of AO and Papanicolaou stains for detecting sex accurately were 97% and 91% respectively.  Evaluation of the buccal smears was better in AO stained smears because of the clean background and better cytoplasmic and nuclear contrast in comparison to PAP stain. Conclusion: Aceto-Orcein staining method is rapid, economical, accurate, reproducible and comparable to Papanicolaou staining, for the detection of Barr body in buccal mucosal smears. Keywords: Aceto-Orcein, Papanicolaou, Buccal smears, Barr body.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of the posterior lobe hormones and of their carrier proteins.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Vandesande ◽  
K Dierickx ◽  
N Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Double Staining Method ◽  
The One

Serial sections of vertebrate hypothalami were stained with the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In addition to the single staining method, our double staining method was used, which enabled us to visualize two tissue antigens in single tissue sections. In both staining methods, differentially adsorbed antineurohypophysial hormone sera, anti-somatostatin serum and anti-bovine neurophysin sera were used. The results confirm the one hormone, one neuron hypothesis.

Black mulberries (Morus nigra) as a natural dye for animal tissues staining

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab Tousson ◽  
Bahija Al-Behbehani
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
New Method ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Liver Flukes

AbstractNatural dyes produce an extraordinary diversity of rich and complex colours as well as unexpected results, making them exciting to use. Natural dyes have been used for staining wool, silk, carpet and cotton. Black mulberry (Morus nigra) has strong staining activity and a distinct flavor with juicy and acidic characteristics making them attractive for use in the processing industry in products such as fruit juice, ice cream, jelly, and jam. Aim of this study was to investigate a new staining method using black mulberry for whole mount and transverse sections staining of fasciola. Adult liver flukes (Fasciola sp.) were collected from the livers of naturally infected cows at slaughterhouse, washed with physiological saline solution. Some adult Fasciola were collected, immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for fixation, and embedded in paraffin for histological studies. The rest of whole mount of adult worms were collected, and then stained by the new method (dye extracted form beet root) and Carmine staining method for control. Sections, 7-10 micrometer from adult worms were collected, and then stained by the new method and hematoxyllin & eosin staining method for control. By using the dye extracted from beet root, zoologists and parasitologists can make identification and differentiation between different parasites. By using the dye extracted from black mulberry, zoologists and parasitologists can make identification and differentiation between different parasites. This dye method can be an alternative to cost and time consuming current chemical staining methods.

Comparative Researches on Two Kinds of Staining Method of Acetylcholinesterase Isozymes

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Zhao ◽  
Kang Jie Chen ◽  
Shao Cong Wu ◽  
Qin Chuan Zhuang ◽  
Fang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acetylthiocholine Iodide ◽  
Staining Methods

The staining effects of two staining methods of acetylcholinesterase isozymes were compared . One using acetylthiocholine iodide , K3[Fe(CN)6] and CuSO4 was named as AFCu method, and the other one using acetylthiocholine iodide , K3[Fe(CN)6] and FeCl3 was named as AFFe method. The staining effect of former was better.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine infusions and phenobarbital in the treatment of an unusual presentation of benzodiazepine-resistant alcohol withdrawal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Shah
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
First Line ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
High Doses

Background: Alcohol withdrawal is a life-threatening condition characterized by a myriad of physiologic changes including tachycardia, hypertension, lowered seizure threshold, hallucinations, and potential for delirium tremens. Benzodiazepines remain the gold standard for treatment of alcohol withdrawal, although few studies have compared barbiturates to benzodiazepines as first-line treatment. Methods: This study is a single patient chart review. Results: Over the course of his hospital stay, in addition to receiving a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, the patient received a total of 389 mg lorazepam, 650 mg phenobarbital, 40 mg haloperidol, 25 mg quetiapine, 5 mg midazolam, and 75 mg diphenhydramine. Conclusion: Phenobarbital is an effective first line agent for management of alcohol withdrawal and may be a safer and more effective treatment with lower rates of intubation and shorter hospital stays than benzodiazepines. It is particularly successful in patients who require high doses of benzodiazepines or ICU admission. Furthermore, the role of dexmedetomidine infusions in alcohol withdrawal remains unclear but may play a critical role in mitigating tachycardia and hypertension though it poses a risk of bradycardia and hypotension. Keywords: Alcohol withdrawal, Dexmedetomidine, Precedex, Phenobarbital, Ativan, Lorazepam, CIWA, GABA channel.

scholarly journals Viroids as Companions of a Professional Career

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Duran-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Relationship Of

Since the early 1970s when “virus-like” agents were considered as the cause of two diseases (potato spindle tuber and citrus exocortis), their study and further characterization have been linked to the development and use of molecular biology tools. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) played a critical role in the pioneering studies of PSTVd and citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). This was later modified by using other PAGEs (sequential PAGE, return PAGE, two-dimensional PAGE), and/or different staining methods (ethidium bromide, silver nitrate, etc.). Since then, disease-causing agents suspected to be viroids were usually subjected to a number of tests to define their: (i) Molecular nature (RNA or DNA; single stranded or double stranded; circular or linear RNA); (ii) molecular weight; (iii) secondary and tertiary structure. Further biological assays are also essential to establish the relationship of a viroid with plant disease and to fulfill Koch’s postulates.

Fine Structure of the Elastic Fibers and the Elastin Crystalloids by Means of Tannic Acid Fixation Method

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku ◽  
H. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Osmium Tetraoxide ◽  
Ear Cartilage ◽  
Staining Methods

It is well known that the elastic fibers do not stain well with conventional electron fixation and staining methods. However some investigators have tried to demonstrate elastic fibers as a stained structure under the electron microscope. Greenlee et al.(1966) and Ouintarelli et al.(1973) reported a phosphotaungstic acid staining method for elastic fibers; Albert (1970 & 1971) reported his results using a metalic tetraphenylprophine staining method.In the contrast to these staining methods for elastic fibers, Mizuhira et al (1971,'72, ‘75) have succeeded in demonstrating elastic fibers very clearly using an improved fixation method for proteins with glutaraldehyde containing tannic acid, followed by the osmium tetraoxide method.This new fixation method is very simple. Aorta, ear cartilage, intestine or skin are fixed with 2.5 % glutaraldehyde, containing 0.5 % to 4 % tannic acid buffered with veronal acetate or phosphate at pH 6.8 to 7.2 for 1.5 hrs to overnight.

scholarly journals A novel RGB-trichrome staining method for routine histological analysis of musculoskeletal tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gaytan ◽  
Concepción Morales ◽  
Carlos Reymundo ◽  
Manuel Tena-Sempere
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissues ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Staining Methods

Abstract Morphometry and histology are essential approaches for investigation and diagnosis of musculo-skeletal disorders. Despite the advent of revolutionary methods of image analysis and high resolution three-dimensional imaging technology, basic conventional light microscopy still provides an incisive overview of the structure and tissue dynamics of the musculoskeletal system. This is crucial to both preclinical and clinical research, since several clinically relevant processes, such as bone repair, osteoarthritis, and metabolic bone diseases, display distinct, if not pathognomonic, histological features. Due to the particular characteristics of the skeletal tissues (i.e., the existence of mineralized extracellular matrices), a large number of staining methods applicable to either decalcified or undecalcified tissues are available. However, it is usually the case that several staining methods need to be sequentially applied in order to achieve the different endpoints required to fully assess skeletal tissue structure and dynamics, and to allow morphometric quantification. We describe herein a novel staining method, the RGB trichrome, amenable for application to decalcified, paraffin embedded human musculoskeletal tissues. The acronym RGB corresponds to the three primary dyes used: picrosirius Red, fast Green, and alcian Blue. Although these individual pigments are commonly used either isolated, in binary combinations, or as part of more complex polychrome staining methods, when merged in the RGB trichrome staining produce high-quality/high-contrast images, permitting not only clear identification of different tissues (i.e., the different types of cartilage, bone and fibrous connective tissue), but also discrimination between calcified and uncalcified bone and cartilage, as well as an unexpected diversity of shades of color, while displaying singular properties among polychrome staining methods, such as the unveiling of the bone osteocyte dendritic/canalicular network. Hence, we propose the RGB trichrome as simple but highly-reliable tool for the preclinical and clinical study of the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals Assessment of stallion semen morphology using two different staining methods, microscopic techniques, and sample sizes

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Łącka ◽  
Stanisław Kondracki ◽  
Maria Iwanina ◽  
Anna Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Semen Morphology

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to propose the optimal methodology for stallion semen morphology analysis while taking into consideration the staining method, the microscopic techniques, and the workload generated by a number of samples. Material and Methods: Ejaculates from eight pure-bred Arabian horses were tested microscopically for the incidence of morphological defects in the spermatozoa. Two different staining methods (eosin-nigrosin and eosin-gentian dye), two different techniques of microscopic analysis (1000× and 400× magnifications), and two sample sizes (200 and 500 spermatozoa) were used. Results: Well-formed spermatozoa and those with major and minor defects according to Blom’s classification were identified. The applied staining methods gave similar results and could be used in stallion sperm morphology analysis. However, the eosin-nigrosin method was more recommendable, because it allowed to limit the number of visible artefacts without hindering the identification of protoplasm drops and enables the differentiation of living and dead spermatozoa. Conclusion: The applied microscopic techniques proved to be equally efficacious. Therefore, it is practically possible to opt for the simpler and faster 400x technique of analysing sperm morphology to examine stallion semen. We also found that the number of spermatozoa clearly affects the results of sperm morphology evaluation. Reducing the number of spermatozoa from 500 to 200 causes a decrease in the percentage of spermatozoa identified as normal and an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa determined as morphologically defective.

scholarly journals Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghwan Hwang ◽  
Hwayoung Yun ◽  
Sungwon Moon ◽  
Ye Eun Cho ◽  
Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
First Line ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammation Resolution ◽  
Species Production

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver disorders, from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared with fatty liver, NASH is characterized by increased liver injury and inflammation, in which liver-infiltrating immune cells, with neutrophil infiltration as a hallmark of NASH, play a critical role in promoting the progression of fatty liver to NASH. Neutrophils are the first responders to injury and infection in various tissues, establishing the first line of defense through multiple mechanisms such as phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species production, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of NASH remain obscure. The current review summarizes the roles of neutrophils that facilitate the progression of fatty liver to NASH and their involvement in inflammation resolution during NASH pathogenesis. The notion that neutrophils are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NASH is also discussed.

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