The effect of acceptance and commitment based on the fear of delivery pain- A randomized educational trial study

Background and Aim: Pregnancy due to physiological and psychological changes can affect the mental health of mothers. This study aims to investigate the Approach of acceptance and commitment based on the fear of delivery pain. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized educational trial with a commitment-based treatment approach that was performed on pregnant women in Arak in 2016-2017. After obtaining written consent forms, 42 subjects were selected through the available sampling method. Subjects were grouped in the intervention group (ACT) and in the control group. Eight 90-minute sessions were held for 8 consecutive weeks of counseling Fear of delivery pain at 10 and one month after the intervention was measured in 2 groups by the Likert scale of pain (1-7) score. Data analysis was performed through repeated measure ANOVA by using SPSS (Version 18). Results: Results showed that the mean pain immediately after the intervention was 2.52±2.20 in the intervention group and 4.66±1.80 in the control group. Which is a month later in the intervention group compared to the control group had a significant decrease (3.52±1.81 vs. 4.52±2.30) (P=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, counseling with the approach of acceptance and commitment reduction the fear of delivery pain, which is the most important reason for choosing cesarean section in women, Therefore, it seems that empowering midwives to counseling approaches can be useful to improve maternal care during pregnancy, especially in the administration of delivery preparation classes.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via a Mobile Phone Messaging Robot to Decrease Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Orthopedic Trauma: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.17750 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chris A Anthony ◽

Edward Octavio Rojas ◽

Valerie Keffala ◽

Natalie Ann Glass ◽

Apurva S Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthopedic Trauma ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Patient Reported ◽

BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a pragmatic approach to help individuals decrease avoidable pain. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of ACT delivered via an automated mobile messaging robot on postoperative opioid use and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with orthopedic trauma who underwent operative intervention for their injuries. METHODS Adult patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center who underwent operative fixation of a traumatic upper or lower extremity fracture and who used mobile phone text messaging were eligible for the study. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group, who received twice-daily mobile phone messages communicating an ACT-based intervention for the first 2 weeks after surgery, or the control group, who received no messages. Baseline PROs were completed. Two weeks after the operative intervention, follow-up was performed in the form of an opioid medication pill count and postoperative administration of PROs. The mean number of opioid tablets used by patients was calculated and compared between groups. The mean PRO scores were also compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 82 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 82 participants, 76 (38 ACT and 38 controls) completed the study. No differences between groups in demographic factors were identified. The intervention group used an average of 26.1 (SD 21.4) opioid tablets, whereas the control group used 41.1 (SD 22.0) tablets, resulting in 36.5% ([41.1-26.1]/41.1) less tablets used by subjects receiving the mobile phone–based ACT intervention (<i>P</i>=.004). The intervention group subjects reported a lower postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System Pain Intensity score (mean 45.9, SD 7.2) than control group subjects (mean 49.7, SD 8.8; <i>P</i>=.04). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the delivery of an ACT-based intervention via an automated mobile messaging robot in the acute postoperative period decreased opioid use in selected patients with orthopedic trauma. Participants receiving the ACT-based intervention also reported lower pain intensity after 2 weeks, although this may not represent a clinically important difference. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03991546; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03991546

Dimensional stability of two solder index materials

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.178295 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 259-263

Author(s):

Amir Ali Reza Khaledi ◽

Soheil Pardis ◽

Negar Pourhatami ◽

Zahra Hashemi Ardakani

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Accuracy ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Time Lapse ◽

Reference Points ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Control Group ◽

Measure Anova ◽

Measurement Control ◽

Digital Microscope ◽

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracy of two indexing materials, an acrylic resin (GC pattern resin) and a castable composite (Bredent). The effect of time lapse until investment was also investigated. Materials and Methods: Two standardized brass dies 15 mm apart were prepared and then 20 identical coping-bar assemblies were designed and fabricated by a rapid prototyping device. Each bar was sectioned at the center, and indices were fabricated from an acrylic resin or castable composite (n = 10 per group). The distances between the reference points were measured with a digital microscope at ×80 magnifications at 15 min, 60 min, and 24 h after indexing. Data were statically analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: The distance between the reference points without the coping being joined was considered as the baseline measurement (control group). The mean distance was 19.30 ± 0.04 mm between the reference points where the copings were not joined. When indexed with acrylic resin, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) dimensions were 19.27 ± 0.087 mm (15 min), 19.25 ± 0.09 mm (60 min), and 18.98 ± 0.1 mm (24 h). The mean ± SD dimensions for composite were 19.29 ± 0.087 mm (15 min), 19.28 ± 0.08 mm (60 min), and 19.26 ± 0.08 mm (24 h). All tested groups showed significant differences compared to the control group except when it was indexed with composite and where the distances were measured after 15 and 60 min (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The most accurate indexed-assemblies belonged to castable composite at 15 and 60 min.

The Effect of Cognitive Group Counseling on Women’s Motivation for Childbearing-an interventional study

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999200521095451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Narges Sheikhganbar ◽

Katayon Vakilian ◽

Zohreh Abbasi ◽

Mehdi Ranjbaran ◽

Hoora Amoozegar

Keyword(s):

Group Counseling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

The Mean ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

And Control ◽

Health Care Centers ◽

Fertile Women

Background: Postponing parenthood is associated with decreased number of offspring and increased pregnancy risks. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive group counseling on childless couples' decision motivation for childbearing and preconception checkup. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 62 fertile women referred to health care centers in Qom. Signing the written consent form, the participants who were selected by the convenience sampling method entered the study. Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ) was used to collect data. 6 cognitive group counseling sessions were conducted for the intervention group while the control group did not receive any training except one session on the disadvantages of postponed childbearing by the midwife under the supervision of the researcher. After the intervention, childbearing motivation was evaluated in both groups. The samples were also evaluated in one and two months after the intervention to see whether they have referred for pre-pregnancy checkups. The data were analyzed by SPSS20 using chisquare, and independent t-test. P-value was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: The results showed that after the intervention, the mean of Positive Childbearing Motivation (PCM) in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the mean of Negative Childbearing Motivation (NCM) was significantly lower than that of the control group (p <0.001). The frequency of booking pre-pregnancy checkups two months after intervention was 69.57% and 10% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: Counseling could be more effective to motivate women to start booking for prepregnancy checkups.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via a Mobile Phone Messaging Robot to Decrease Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Orthopedic Trauma: Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/17750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. e17750

Author(s):

Chris A Anthony ◽

Edward Octavio Rojas ◽

Valerie Keffala ◽

Natalie Ann Glass ◽

Apurva S Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthopedic Trauma ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Background Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a pragmatic approach to help individuals decrease avoidable pain. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of ACT delivered via an automated mobile messaging robot on postoperative opioid use and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with orthopedic trauma who underwent operative intervention for their injuries. Methods Adult patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center who underwent operative fixation of a traumatic upper or lower extremity fracture and who used mobile phone text messaging were eligible for the study. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group, who received twice-daily mobile phone messages communicating an ACT-based intervention for the first 2 weeks after surgery, or the control group, who received no messages. Baseline PROs were completed. Two weeks after the operative intervention, follow-up was performed in the form of an opioid medication pill count and postoperative administration of PROs. The mean number of opioid tablets used by patients was calculated and compared between groups. The mean PRO scores were also compared between the groups. Results A total of 82 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 82 participants, 76 (38 ACT and 38 controls) completed the study. No differences between groups in demographic factors were identified. The intervention group used an average of 26.1 (SD 21.4) opioid tablets, whereas the control group used 41.1 (SD 22.0) tablets, resulting in 36.5% ([41.1-26.1]/41.1) less tablets used by subjects receiving the mobile phone–based ACT intervention (P=.004). The intervention group subjects reported a lower postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System Pain Intensity score (mean 45.9, SD 7.2) than control group subjects (mean 49.7, SD 8.8; P=.04). Conclusions In this study, the delivery of an ACT-based intervention via an automated mobile messaging robot in the acute postoperative period decreased opioid use in selected patients with orthopedic trauma. Participants receiving the ACT-based intervention also reported lower pain intensity after 2 weeks, although this may not represent a clinically important difference. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03991546; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03991546

The Effect of ACT on Self-Esteem and Self-efficacy of Women with Breast Cancer in Iran

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404815666191121150647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 74-80

Author(s):

Masoumeh Daneshvar ◽

Katayon Vakilian ◽

Akbar Hedayati Zadeh-Emran ◽

Ramezan Hassan Zadeh

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Registration Number ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background: Today, breast cancer is the second major cause of cancer deaths in women. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on self-esteem and self-efficacy of cancer adaptation behaviors in women. Methods: The present study was a randomized educational trial (IRCT Registration number: IRCT2016100430140N1) based on intervention and control groups including 30 patients with breast cancer who were referred to Cancer comprehensive center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari 2017. The intervention group participated in ACT sessions for 8 weeks held as 8 sessions. In the control group, there was no intervention and only chemotherapy was carried out. Self-esteem and self-efficacy of cancer adaptation behaviors were assessed using Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Cancer Behavior Inventory before and after the intervention and one month later. Data analysis was tested by repeated measurement, ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: The mean of self-esteem before and after intervention and one month later was 13.46 ± 1.12, 16.86 ± 0.91, 15.86 ± 0.99 in ACT group, and 14 ± 1, 14.40 ± 0.98, 14.20 ± 1.08 in the control group, respectively (F(2,27)=11.90, P=0.001). The mean of self-efficacy of cancer adjustment behaviors before and after the intervention and one month later was 104.40 ± 20.19, 218.20 ± 15.32, 214.86 ± 16.97 in ACT group, and 96.86 ± 15.04, 97.06 ± 18.61, 94.53 ± 14.69 in the control group, respectively (F(2,27)=8.26, P=0.001). Conclusion: This counseling approach can be used as an easy, non-invasive and helpful method to increase self-esteem and self-efficacy among patients for adaptation to cancer.

Effect of Crossfit Training on Jump and Strength

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i1.3896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oğuzhan Yüksel ◽

Bolat Gündüz ◽

Mert Kayhan

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measure ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Squat Jump ◽

Repeated Measure Anova ◽

Measure Anova ◽

Wilks Lambda ◽

The Mean ◽

Crossfit Training ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of regular CrossFit training on some force and jump parameters. 32 healthy wrestling men participated in the study, 16 experimental and 16 control groups. For the experimental group, CrossFit training, known as Cindy, was practiced three times a week for 8 weeks. The training consisted of 5 bars, 10 push-ups and 15 squats for 20 minutes. The control group continued the classical wrestling practice. Myotest accelerometric system was used for measurements of participants’ values. For the analysis of the data, repeated measure ANOVA was used. According to the results, as a result of CrossFit training, athletes' squat jump heights increased (Wilks' Lambda = .541, F (1,30) = 25, p = .00). The mean post-training leap values (33.778 ± 5.48) were higher than the pre-training leap values (32.169 ± 4.95) (p <0.05). It can be concluded that Cindy CrossFit studies improve jumping and strength ability.

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on the Immune Function and Activity Limitations in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.32598/jhnm.31.4.2166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 271-279

Author(s):

Sepideh Shakernejad ◽

◽

Javad Khalatbari ◽

Majid-Mahmoud Alilou ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Immune Function ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Activity Limitations ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Irritable Bowel

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common, costly, and disabling dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Mental disorders can be one of the main factors in the onset, continuation, or exacerbation of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms in people with this syndrome. Commitment and acceptance therapy is a mixture of four approaches of awareness, acceptance, commitment, and behavior change, and its overall goal is to achieve psychological flexibility to move towards thought-based behavior. This treatment focuses less on reducing symptoms and more on improving the quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the immune function and activity limitations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. Thirty patients with irritable bowel syndrome were randomly selected from those referred to a hospital clinic in Tabriz City, Iran. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups (15 in each group). The intervention group received acceptance and commitment group therapy for 8 sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention, and in the follow-up phase using the activity limitations subscale of quality of life questionnaires (to measure activity limitations) and stool calprotectin test to assess safety performance. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of variance with repeated measures, Bonferroni test, and analysis of covariance to test the study hypotheses. Results: The Mean±SD age of the intervention group was 34.53±18.38 years, and the Mean±SD age of the control group was 42.80±17.97 years. The significance levels of Levene’s and the Shapiro-Wilk test for all variables were greater than 0.05. Based on the results, the Mean±SD score of the activity limitations variable in the intervention group was 7.53±4.24 in the pre-test, 17.66±3.41 in the post test, and 17.26±3.65 in the follow-up. According to the results, activity limitations (P=0.027) and safety performance (P=0.034) were significantly different before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The present study’s findings show that acceptance and commitment-based therapy can play an influential role in improving patients’ immune function and promoting their activity limitations. Therefore, this treatment is recommended as a complementary therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

OP0159 EFFICACY OF COMPREHENSIVE TECHNOLOGY-ASSISTED HOME-BASED EXERCISE IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 100.3-100

Author(s):

Y. Wang ◽

X. Liu ◽

Y. Shi ◽

X. Ji ◽

W. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Intervention ◽

Medical Center ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Group Differences ◽

Control Group ◽

Home Based ◽

Background:Clinical practice guidelines recommend that exercise is an essential component in the self-management of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Attending supervised interventions requiring periodic medical center visits can be burdensome and patients may decline participation, whereas, effective home-based exercise interventions that do not need regular medical center visits are likely to be more accessible and acceptable for patients with AS. Recently, increasing evidences have been accumulated that the wearable devices could facilitate patients with inflammatory arthritis by giving exercise instructions and improving self-efficacy. Therefore, patients with AS may benefit from an effective technology-assisted home-based exercise intervention.Objectives:To investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive technology-assisted home-based exercise intervention on disease activity in patients with AS.Methods:This study was a 16-week assessor-blinded, randomized, waiting-list controlled trial (ChiCTR1900024244). Patients with AS were randomly allocated to the home-based exercise intervention group and the waiting-list control group. A 16-week comprehensive exercise program consisting of a moderate intensity (64%-76% HRmax) aerobic training for 30min on 5 days/week and a functional training for 60min on 3 days/week was given to patients in the intervention group immediately after randomization, with 1.5h training sessions for two consecutive days by a study physical therapist at baseline and Week 8. The aerobic exercise intensity was controlled by a Mio FUSE Wristband with a smartphone application. The functional training consisted of the posture training, range of motion exercises, strength training, stability training and stretching exercises. Patients in control group received standard care during the 16-week follow-up and started to receive the exercise program at Week 16. The primary outcome was ASDAS at Week 16. The secondary outcomes were BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ASAS HI, peak oxygen uptake, body composition and muscle endurance tests. The mean difference between groups in change from baseline was analyzed with the analysis of covariance.Results:A total of 54 patients with AS were enrolled (26 in intervention group and 28 in control group) and 46 (85.2%) patients completed the 16-week follow-up. The mean difference of ASDAS between groups in change from baseline to 16-week follow-up was −0.2 (95% CI, −0.4 to 0.003, P = 0.032), and the mean change from baseline was -0.4 (95% CI, -0.5 to -0.2) in the intervention group vs -0.1 (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.01) in the control group, respectively. Significant between-group differences were found between groups for BASDAI (−0.5 [95% CI, −0.9 to −0.2], P = 0.004), BASMI (−0.7 [95% CI, −1.1 to −0.4], P <0.001), BASFI (−0.3 [95% CI, −0.6 to 0.01], P=0.035), peak oxygen uptake (2.7 [95% CI, 0.02 to 5.3] ml/kg/min, P=0.048) and extensor endurance test (17.8 [95% CI, 0.5 to 35.2]s, P=0.044) at Week 16. Between-group differences were detected in ASAS HI (−0.9 [95% CI, −1.7 to −0.1], P=0.030), body fat percentage (−1.0 [95% CI, −2.0 to −0.01] %, P=0.048) and visceral adipose tissue (−4.9 [95% CI, −8.5 to −1.4] cm2, P=0.008) at Week 8, but not at Week 16. No significant between-group differences were detected in the total lean mass, time up and go test and the flexor endurance test during the follow-up.Conclusion:Comprehensive technology-assisted home-based exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on disease activity, physical function, spinal mobility, aerobic capacity, and body composition as well as in improving fatigue and morning stiffness of patients with AS.References:[1]van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewé R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:978–991.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Asieh Mehdipour ◽

Parvin Abedi ◽

Somayeh Ansari ◽

Maryam Dastoorpoor

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Abstract Objectives Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of depression. Depression may negatively affect the quality of life of women. An emotional freedom technique (EFT) is an evidence-based therapy combining cognitive and exposure components with acupressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EFT on depression in postmenopausal women. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial in which 88 women with mild to moderate depression recruited from a menopausal clinic in Ahvaz, Iran, and randomly assigned into two groups of EFT (n=44) and control for sham therapy (n=44). Women in the EFT group received two sessions of training and asked to continue EFT for 8 weeks, one time per day. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2) completed by women before and after the intervention. The control group received training on sham acupressure points similar to the intervention group. Data collected using a demographic and BDI2. Women requested to complete the BDI2 before and after the intervention. The independent t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA were used to analyze data. Results The mean depression score in the intervention group reduced from 20.93 ± 4.6 to 10.96 ± 4.38 in comparison to the control group that reduced from 19.18 ± 2.79 to 17.01 ± 6.05 after intervention (p=0.001). After the 8 week intervention, the frequency of moderate depression decreased from 56.8 to 9.35% in the intervention and from 50 to 29.5% in the control group. In total, 63.4 and 34.15% in the intervention and control groups were free of depression respectively after the intervention (p<0.001). Conclusions The results of this study showed that using EFT for 8 weeks could significantly reduce the mean score of depression in postmenopausal women. Using this method in public health centers for postmenopausal women is recommended.

Effects of an Off-Site Walking Program on Energy Expenditure, Serum Lipids, and Glucose Metabolism in Middle-Aged Women

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800402239623 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 181-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Fumiko Furukawa ◽

Keiko Kazuma ◽

Masako Kawa ◽

Mitsunori Miyashita ◽

Kyohko Niiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Nurse Managers ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Walking Program ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Blood Profiles

The present study aims to identify the effects of systematic walking on exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and blood profiles in middle-aged women. Fifty-two female nurse managers, aged 32 to 57 years (42.0 ± 6.2), were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) for a 12-week study of the walking program. EEE was measured using a microelectronic device. Blood profiles were assessed before and after the walking program. The mean EEE (kcal/kg/d) in the IG and CG was 4.73 ± 1.02 and 3.88 ± 0.81 ( P = 0.01), indicating an increase of 1.17 ± 0.98 and 0.46 ± 0.68 from baseline ( P = 0.01), respectively. The mean change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the IG and CG was 1.8 ± 8.3 mg/dL and −2.9 ± 7.0 mg/dL ( P = 0.051); that in insulin was −4.5 ± 7.5 μU/dL and −0.6 ± 4.3 μU/dL ( P = 0.046), respectively. These results show that systematic walking increases EEE and improves blood profiles.