scholarly journals Groundwater Vulnerability potential and Health-risk assessment related to nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in Azna-Aligudarz Plain

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-105
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drastic Method ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Background: In the Azna-Aligudarz plain, the drinking water is mainly supplied from groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite and determine the groundwater vulnerability potential and related risks in the plain to guarantee the health of consumers. Materials and Methods: The vulnerability potential of the studied plain to pollutants was investigated by the drastic method. To estimate the concentration of nitrate and nitrite, 25 water wells in the study area were sampled within 2018-2019 and analyzed by standard method. Human health risk related to groundwater in the study area was assessed using the USEPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency) index. Results: The results of the DRASTIC method demonstrated that 45% and 65% of the region has a high (southern part of the plain) and a medium vulnerability potential (northern part of the plain), respectively. According to the obtained results, nitrate in Chaqataram and Ashrafabad villages with 56 and 65 mg/liter, respectively, and nitrite in groundwater of Chamzaman, Aliabad, and Darreh Bagh villages with 3.5, 3.3, and 3.4 mg/liter, was higher than the standard of World Health Organization. According to the health risk assessment results, 83%, 8%, and 4% of children, women, and men are prone to health threats due to nitrate concentration (HQ>1). The accuracy of the vulnerability results was confirmed by calibrating the results of the health risk assessment and the results of the nitrate map. Conclusion: As e evidenced by the obtained results, improper use of nitrate chemical fertilizers and unsafe disposal of human wastewater (urban and rural) is the main cause of increased nitrate and nitrite concentrations in agricultural lands. Based on the results of the present study, the use of contaminated drinking wells is not recommended and continuous monitoring of drinking wells in the study area is essential to protect the health of consumers, especially children.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Parameters of Urban Drinking Water Quality along with Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ardabil Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Reza Aghlmand ◽  
Saeed Rasi Nezami ◽  
Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Region

In recent years, in addition to water resources’ quantity, their quality has also received much attention. In this study, the quality of the urban water distribution network in northwestern Iran was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI) method. Then, some important trace elements were investigated, and finally, the health risk assessment was evaluated for both carcinogenic elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) and non-carcinogenic elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, F, NO3, and Cu) using carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. In the present study, the WQI was calculated based on both World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian drinking water standards. Comparing the results of these standards revealed that the WQI based on the Iranian standard was slightly higher. Regarding the calculated WQI for the study region, the status of water quality for drinking consumption is in the good water quality class (25 < WQI < 50). It was observed that Cu and Cd have the highest and lowest concentrations in all sampling points, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) results showed that the non-carcinogenic substances studied had a low risk for both adults and children (<1.0). However, the CR results showed that Ni, Cd, and As were above the desired level for both children and adults. The results of this study can be applied for efficient water management and human health protection programs in the study area.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Onion Bulbs Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
A.I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
S. S. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
North West

Vegetable fields in Katsina State are increasingly being loaded with heavy metals through various pollution sources such as agricultural activities mining and traffic. Onion bulb samples from the three senatorial zones that constitute to make up Katsina state in the North West of Nigeria were collected and the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Mn and Ni) in all the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential health hazards of heavy metals in the samples on the children and adult population. The highest mean concentration (mg/kg) was observed for Fe, followed by Pb, Zn and Mn. While Cd has the lowest concentration with the heavy metals Cr and Ni being below detection level (BDL). Overall hazard index (Hi) for the heavy metals were within the safety limit. The overall cancer risk to the adults based on pseudo-total metal concentrations exceeded the target value, mainly contributed by Pb.  Mn and Zn were the primary heavy metals posing non-cancer risks while Pb caused the greatest cancer risk. It was concluded that consumption of the onion samples from Katsina State may contribute to the population cancer burden.

Health-risk assessment related to the fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite in the drinking water in the Sanandaj, Kurdistan County, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Rezaei ◽  
Ali Jafari ◽  
Bahram Kamarehie ◽  
Yadolah Fakhri ◽  
Afshin Ghaderpoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite
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