scholarly journals Microcystin-LR: Effects on Freshwater Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Prolactin Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Chandra Prakash ◽  
◽  
Sunil Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin

Background: Previous studies have been reported on the toxicity of Microcystin-LR, which is produced by cyanobacterial growth in fish, such as Heteropneustes fossilis (H. fossilis). However, no studies have been conducted on the effects of Microcystin-LR on the prolactin cells of H. fossilis. Methods: H. fossilis fish were intraperitoneally injected with Microcystin-LR (2.5μg/25g) and sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days. The blood samples were analyzed for the calcium levels. Histological slides of the pituitary prolactin cells were stained with Herlant’s tetrachrome and Heidenhan’s azan techniques, and examined under light microscopy. Results: The prolactin cells exposed to Microcystin-LR exhibited no structural changes on day 1. However, hyperactive prolactin cells exhibited cellular degranulation from day 3 to day 5. On days 10 and 15, degenerated and vacuolated prolactin cells were also observed. The nuclear volume of prolactin cells exposed to MC-LR increased progressively from day 3 to day 10 but on day 15 the nuclear volume returned to normal. The serum calcium level of MC-LR injected specimens showed hypocalcemia from day 3 to day 10. On day 15, the level became normal. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the serum calcium levels and prolactin cells were altered after exposure to microcystin-LR.

scholarly journals Variations in serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium levels due to stage of lactation, season, and age in Ayrshire cows injected with vitamin D3 prior to calving

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Paavo Niemelä ◽  
Erkki Koskenkorva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Blood mineral studies were carried out in the dairy herd of the Viik Experimental Farm, in which parturient paresis has been successfully prevented by intramuscular injections of vitamin D3 (2 X 5 million I.U.). The material consisted of 41 cows from which 207 blood samples had been taken in 1963 and 12 cows (6 controls, 6 vitamin D injected cows) from which 72 blood samples had been taken in 1969. All cows were either dry and pregnant or lactating and nonpregnant. Compared to values obtained during the dry period, the serum calcium level was only slightly lower shortly after calving. The calcium level increased in the vitamin D treated cows during the ascending phase of lactation, whereas both the calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels remained relatively low in the control cows, respectively. The highest mean magnesium levels occurred during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of lactation. The serum calcium level was higher during the grazing period than during the indoor feeding period. Inorganic phosphorus remained at a relatively high level in younger cows during the grazing period, whereas a significant decrease was noted in the phosphorus level of older cows, respectively. The lowest magnesium values were noted in May, i.e. already before the beginning of the pasture season, the concentration increasing towards the end of the grazing period especially in younger cows. As a whole, younger cows had slightly higher mean serum calcium and magnesium levels and significantly higher inorganic phosphorus levels compared to older cows. The effect of age on the inorg. phosphorus level appeared to be more marked in dry cows and during the grazing period than in lactating cows and during the winter feeding period. Special attention has been paid to the blood mineral values of four individual cows suffering from various illnesses during the study period.

Effects of chronic hypocalcaemia on plasma renin activity in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gedik
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. A study was carried out to investigate the role of serum calcium in the regulation of renin secretion. The subjects for this study comprised of two groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients with primary or secondary hypoparathyroidism. Blood samples for basal PRA (plasma renin activity) were drawn at 8 a.m. when the patients were recumbent and on a normal sodium intake. Then all the patients were given a constant diet containing 10 mEq sodium for 4 days and were given 80 mg of Furosemid orally every day. On the morning of the fifth day blood samples were drawn after the patients had been upright for 4 h. These patients were treated with vitamin D2 and when normocalcaemic states were achieved the same study was repeated. Group 2 (control group) consisted of 10 normal, healthy subjects of both sexes. They were prepared for the experiment in the same way as for group 1. In the hypocalcaemic state mean serum calcium level was 5.6 ± 0.3 mg/100 ml. After treatment with vitamin D2, the mean serum calcium level was increased to 9.6 ± 0.1 mg/100 ml (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean serum sodium and potassium levels in either hypocalcaemia or normocalcaemia. But the mean stimulated PRA (12.12 ± 1.13 ng/ml/h) was found to be decreased in hypocalcaemia compared to in normocalcaemia and in the control group (22.87 ± 1.18 and 23.83 ± 0.86 ng/ml/h, respectively). The difference of means was significant (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between basal PRA in hypocalcaemic and normocalcaemic state as well as in the control group. (P> 0.5, P > 0.2 and P> 0.5, respectively). Our results indicate that serum calcium plays an important role in the regulation of renin secretion.

GENERAL EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Dyster-Aas ◽  
C. E. T. Krakau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
List Type ◽  
Aqueous Flare ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Aqueous Barrier

ABSTRACT In addition to the previously described permeability disturbance in the blood aqueous barrier of the eye, measured as an increase of the aqueous flare, a series of transitory systemic effects have been recorded following the subcutaneous injection of synthetic α-MSH: marked increase of the free fatty acids in plasma, decrease in the serum calcium level, decrease in the blood pressure, increase in the skin temperature, increased frequency and diminished amplitude of respiration, presence of slow waves in the EEG. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the aqueous flare increase and the increase of free fatty acids in plasma and also between the aqueous flare and the minimum serum calcium level.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lithium Carbonate on Egg Shell Formation and Serum Calcium Level of the Hen

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Creek ◽  
Pauline Lund ◽  
O.P. Thomas ◽  
W.O. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell

scholarly journals Association of dietary calcium intake, total and ionized serum calcium levels with preeclampsia in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel D. Gebreyohannes ◽  
Ahmed Abdella ◽  
Wondimu Ayele ◽  
Ahizechukwu C. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium Level

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a well-known cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. Although evidence is abundant, they are equivocal. The study aimed to see the association of dietary calcium intake, serum total calcium level and ionized calcium level with preeclampsia. It also evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels. Materials and methods An unmatched case–control study was conducted in Gandhi Memorial, Tikur Anbessa, and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, all in Addis Ababa, between October to December, 2019. Cases were 42 women with preeclampsia and controls were 42 normotensive women. The medical and obstetric history was gathered using a structured questionnaire and the dietary calcium intake information using a 24-h dietary recall. The serum levels of total serum calcium and ionized (free) calcium were measured using an inductively coupled mass spectrophotometer. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were utilized during data analysis. Results In comparison with controls, women with preeclampsia had lower mean (± 1SD) levels of ionized calcium level (1.1 mmol/l ± 0.11), total serum calcium level (1.99 mmol/l ± 0.35) and lower median (IQR) dietary calcium intake (704 mg/24 h,458–1183). The odds of having preeclampsia was almost eight times greater in those participants with low serum ionized calcium level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.388–23.608) and three times higher in those with low total serum calcium level (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.024–9.370). Low dietary calcium intake also showed statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.092 -10.723). Serum ionized calcium level and total serum calcium level showed positive correlation of moderate strength (p = 0.004, r = 0.307), but no correlation was found between dietary calcium intake with both forms of serum calcium levels. Conclusion This study showed significant association between low dietary calcium intake and low serum calcium levels with preeclampsia, hence this can be used as a supportive local evidence for the current context-specific recommendation of calcium supplementation in societies with low-dietary calcium consumption in an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, therefore implementation study should be considered in Ethiopia to look for the feasibility of routine supplementation.

Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Amna Khan ◽  
Anila Farhat ◽  
Hamayun Anwar ◽  
Sajid Shamim ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia receivingphototherapy.Study design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital,Mansehra for one year from December 2017 to November 2018.Methodology: Total 213 full term stable neonates of either gender with jaundice were studied in this study. Out of which,143 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to phototherapy while 70 neonates with exaggerated physiologicalhyperbilirubinemia taken as control were not exposed to phototherapy. Serum calcium level was determined through bloodtest before and after 24 hours of phototherapy. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentageswere used to describe categorical variables like gender and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was stratified by age and genderto see effect modifiers. Post stratified chi-square test was applied in which p value = 0.05 was considered as significancevalue.Results: In study group, 143 neonates who received phototherapy had mean age of 7 days ± 2.62 SD. Total 65% neonateswere male and 35% neonates were female. Mean serum calcium level of neonates before and after provision of phototherapywas 9.28 mg/dl ± 0.23 and 8.54 mg/dl ± 0.68 respectively, which is statistically significant. The frequency of hypocalcemiawas 40% in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hours of phototherapy.Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is an important complication in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after continuousphototherapy. Hypocalcemia has clinical impact and adds to morbidity, and if left untreated, can lead to mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of Pepsin on the Rabbit Serum Calcium Level

1952 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164-1167
Author(s):  
Yosoji Ito ◽  
Eigo Takabatake ◽  
Michiko Yamagata
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Rabbit Serum

scholarly journals Metabolic Changes Associated with Endocrine Activity and the Reproductive Cycle in XENOPUS LAEVIS

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
H. A. SHAPIRO ◽  
H. ZWARENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormone

1. Experiments are described which show that active extracts of ovarian tissue minus corpus luteum can be obtained which significantly raise the lowered level of the serum calcium in ovariectomised toads; and also raise the serum calcium level in normal toads above the normal level. 2. Injection of adequate doses of antuitrin (Parke, Davis and Co.), raises the lowered level of serum calcium in hypophysectomised toads almost to normal; and of ovariectomised toads to the normal level. The effect is obtained more readily in the ovariectomised condition. 3. Injection of pituitrin (Parke, Davis and Co.), depresses the serum calcium level in normal, ovariectomised and completely hypophysectomised toads. The effect is more readily obtained in the normal intact animal than in the ovariectomised or the totally hypophysectomised state, when the ovaries have undergone involution. 4. It is suggested that there is evidence that the principles exerting a hormonelike action on calcium metabolism are not, in the case of the ovary, either oestrin or the luteal hormone, or in the case of the pituitary, the gonadotropic hormone.

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