The Acute Effects of Aerobic Dance Exercise with and without Face Mask Use on Attention, Perceived Exertion and Mood States

Background Researchers have investigated the performance of face mask removal tools for spine injury management in football but not the effects of football equipment design. Hypotheses Various styles or designs of football helmet equipment (helmets, face masks, loop straps) affect face mask removal efficiency. A cordless screwdriver performs more efficiently than do cutting tools. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Nineteen certified athletic trainers were randomly assigned to group 1 (cordless screwdriver and the FM Extractor) or group 2 (cordless screwdriver and the Trainer's Angel). Subjects randomly performed face mask removal for 6 conditions composed of helmet (3), face mask (3), and loop strap (5) combinations. Time, head movement, perceived difficulty, and success rates were measured. Results Multiple significant differences were found in time, movement, and perceived difficulty between the 6 helmet equipment conditions. The Shockblocker loop strap was consistently superior in all variables regardless of the tool used or the helmet it was attached to. The cordless screwdriver created less movement (mean range from any one plane, 2.8°-13.3°), was faster (mean range, 42.1-68.8 seconds), and was less difficult (mean rating of perceived exertion range, 1.4-2.9) compared to cutting tools (ranges, 4.4°-18.4° in any one plane, 71-174 seconds, rating of perceived exertion, 2.8-7.7). Trial failure was more common with cutting tools than with the screwdriver. Conclusion Differences in football helmet equipment affect face mask removal. The cordless screwdriver is more efficient than the FM Extractor and Trainer's Angel. Clinical Relevance Professionals responsible for the care of football athletes must be knowledgeable in the types of equipment used and the best option available for effective airway access.

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Acute effects of exercise and active video games on adults’ reaction time and perceived exertion

European Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1080/17461391.2016.1186744 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1197-1203 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José F. Guzmán ◽

Jesús López-García

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Video Games ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Active Video Games ◽

Active Video

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Acute Effects of Salvia Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Athletes During a Fatiguing Cycling Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blind Study

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.771518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Babault ◽

Ahmad Noureddine ◽

Nicolas Amiez ◽

Damien Guillemet ◽

Carole Cometti

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Digit Span ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Fatiguing Exercise

Background:Salvia (sage) supplementation has been shown to improve the cognition function in healthy individuals or patients (e.g., attention, memory). To date, no study has explored its relevancy in the context of sporting performance. The aim of this study was to explore the acute effects of a combination of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia on cognitive function in athletes performing a fatiguing cycling task.Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were included in this cross-over, randomized, double-bind vs. placebo trial. Two hours before the two experimental sessions (here called SAGE and PLACEBO), volunteers randomly received a supplementation of sage or placebo. During each experimental session, participants were tested at four occasions while cycling during a warm-up, in the middle and at the end of a fatiguing task and after a short 5-min recovery. Tests included a Stroop task, a simple reaction time task, and a backward digit span memory task. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured at the beginning of the four test sessions.Results: Heart rate was significantly greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001) without any supplementation effect. RPE was greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001). Moreover, RPE was significantly lower during the SAGE session as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002). Reaction time was not altered during the exercise but was significantly shorter with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.023). The Stroop task only revealed significantly longer reaction time during warm-up as compared to recovery (P = 0.02) independently of the supplementation. The digit span memory test revealed a significant greater span score with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.044).Conclusion: The combination of Salvia improved the cognitive functions (perceived exertion, working memory, and reaction time). The positive effects were obtained in fresh condition and were maintained with fatigue.

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EXTREME CONDITIONING TRAINING: ACUTE EFFECTS ON MOOD STATE

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220192502197823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emy Suelen Pereira ◽

Walter Krause Neto ◽

Atilio Sersun Calefi ◽

Mariana Georgetti ◽

Larissa Guerreiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mood State ◽

Mood States ◽

Training Methods ◽

Trained Group ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Daily Stress ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Fitness Training ◽

Type Of Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction: The search for strategies aimed at reducing daily stress is increasing in the current literature. As a result, several types of fitness training are constantly being investigated for their influence on mood states. However, we know little about strategies that use higher intensities. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of an extreme conditioning training (ECT) session on the mood states of individuals with or without prior experience in this type of training. Methods: Volunteers were divided into TRAINED (n = 10) and CONDITIONED (n = 10) groups, undergoing a single 9-minute ECT session. Mood states (BRUMS scale) were analyzed at baseline, immediately afterwards, and after 30 minutes. Results: Anger, confusion and tension were significantly reduced in both groups immediately afterwards and post 30 minutes. The TRAINED group showed a significant reduction in fatigue 30 minutes after the end of the session. Effect size for all variables was considered small to moderate. The TRAINED group had significantly increased vigor immediately after the end of the session compared to baseline. However, the CONDITIONED group had significantly reduced vigor 30 minutes afterwards, in comparison to baseline. The increase in vigor in the TRAINED group was considered moderate (ES = 0.68), while the decrease in vigor in the CONDITIONED group was considered major (ES = −0.88). Conclusion: An ECT session is powerful enough to induce significant, albeit small and moderate, changes in mood states in both trained and untrained individuals in this particular type of exercise. Level of evidence II, Therapeutic studies-investigation of treatment results.

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Emergency Face-Mask Removal Effectiveness: A Comparison of Traditional and Nontraditional Football Helmet Face-Mask Attachment Systems

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.560 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 560-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Erik E. Swartz ◽

Keith Belmore ◽

Laura C. Decoster ◽

Charles W. Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cutting Tool ◽

Random Order ◽

Face Mask ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Quick Release ◽

Removal Time ◽

Football Helmet

Abstract Context: Football helmet face-mask attachment design changes might affect the effectiveness of face-mask removal. Objective: To compare the efficiency of face-mask removal between newly designed and traditional football helmets. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Applied biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Twenty-five certified athletic trainers. Intervention(s): The independent variable was face-mask attachment system on 5 levels: (1) Revolution IQ with Quick Release (QR), (2) Revolution IQ with Quick Release hardware altered (QRAlt), (3) traditional (Trad), (4) traditional with hardware altered (TradAlt), and (5) ION 4D (ION). Participants removed face masks using a cordless screwdriver with a back-up cutting tool or only the cutting tool for the ION. Investigators altered face-mask hardware to unexpectedly challenge participants during removal for traditional and Revolution IQ helmets. Participants completed each condition twice in random order and were blinded to hardware alteration. Main Outcome Measure(s): Removal success, removal time, helmet motion, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Time and 3-dimensional helmet motion were recorded. If the face mask remained attached at 3 minutes, the trial was categorized as unsuccessful. Participants rated each trial for level of difficulty (RPE). We used repeated-measures analyses of variance (α = .05) with follow-up comparisons to test for differences. Results: Removal success was 100% (48 of 48) for QR, Trad, and ION; 97.9% (47 of 48) for TradAlt; and 72.9% (35 of 48) for QRAlt. Differences in time for face-mask removal were detected (F4,20 = 48.87, P = .001), with times ranging from 33.96 ± 14.14 seconds for QR to 99.22 ± 20.53 seconds for QRAlt. Differences were found in range of motion during face-mask removal (F4,20 = 16.25, P = .001), with range of motion from 10.10° ± 3.07° for QR to 16.91° ± 5.36° for TradAlt. Differences also were detected in RPE during face-mask removal (F4,20 = 43.20, P = .001), with participants reporting average perceived difficulty ranging from 1.44 ± 1.19 for QR to 3.68 ± 1.70 for TradAlt. Conclusions: The QR and Trad trials resulted in superior results. When trials required cutting loop straps, results deteriorated.

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Acute effects from changes in saddle height in perceived comfort during cycling

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/1747954120918965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 390-397

Author(s):

Rodrigo Rico Bini

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Repeated Trial ◽

Acute Responses ◽

Different Levels

Prior research did not provide data on acute adaptations to changes in saddle height as commonly performed in bicycle fitting. This study assessed the acute responses from recreational cyclists to changes in saddle height using dynamic bicycle fitting. Ten recreational cyclists completed five trials using three saddle heights (Preferred, High and Low), one Sham-height trial and a final repeated trial for assessment of intra-session reliability. High and Low saddle heights were determined based on dynamically measured knee flexion angles (±10° from their Preferred height). Trials were performed for 30-s at 90 ± 2 rpm and 2.5 W/kg (181 ± 32 W). Perceived comfort and discomfort and rating of perceived exertion were assessed at the end of each trial. Significant differences were determined when p < 0.05. Increased comfort was observed at the preferred saddle height compared to a lower saddle height ( p = 0.03) but no differences were observed between Preferred and High ( p = 0.69) or High vs. Low ( p = 0.06). The Sham height was also not different from its equivalent saddle height ( p = 0.77) and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between saddle heights ( p = 0.33). Recreational cyclists were generally sensitive to changes in saddle height given they reported different levels of comfort between their preferred and a lower saddle height. Similar levels of comfort were observed when a Sham height was introduced, showing that recreational cyclists identified that no change in saddle height was conducted. However, these cyclists could not report differences in comfort when cycling at a High compared to a Low saddle height.

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Perceived Exertion and Metabolic Responses of Women during Aerobic Dance Exercise

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/003151259508100265 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 691-700

Author(s):

Sarah A. Schaefeer ◽

Lynn A. Darby ◽

Kathy D. Browder ◽

Brenda D. Reeves

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Metabolic Responses ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Aerobic Dance ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

Metabolic Variables ◽

Instructional Experience ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and metabolic responses was examined during aerobic dance exercise with combined arm and leg movements. 16 women with previous aerobic dance instructional experience performed three consecutive trials of 8 min. each of aerobic dance exercise at a cadence of 124 and 138 beats • min.-1 Estimates of RPE reported at the end of each trial were significantly different across the trials while heart rate and % maximum heart rate were significantly different between Trials 1 and 3. Correlations and partial correlations between RPE and all metabolic variables were not significant across trials and with trials combined except for ventilation. Results indicated that RPE should not be used singularly as an indicator of exercise intensity during aerobic dance exercise.

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