Influential individuals: Approach to modeling

2018 ◽  
pp. 114-131
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Learning Game ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Asymmetric Interactions ◽  
Influential Individuals

his article explores theoretical and experimental approach to modeling social interactions. Communication and exchange of information with other people affect individual’s behavior in numerous areas. Generally, such influence is exerted by leaders, outstanding individuals who have a higher social status or expert knowledge. Social interactions are analyzed in the models of social learning, game theoretic models, conformity models, etc. However, there is a lack of formal models of asymmetric interactions. Such models could help elicit certain qualities characterizing higher social status and perception of status by other individuals, find the presence of leader influence and analyze its mechanism.

An Experimental Approach to the Introductory Political Science Course

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
William McClure ◽  
Michael Stohl
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Teacher’S Role ◽  
Teacher's Role ◽  
Receiver Model ◽  
To Receive

The conventional introductory course rests upon the pedagogical assumption that the teacher's function is to transmit information (or knowledge) and that the student's function is to receive it. According to this transmitter-receiver model of the educational process, teaching begins with a “knower” who “transmits” what he knows to a “learner.” In higher education, certain euphemisms are employed to soften and furnish a color of legitimacy to this model: the teacher is a “scholar,” and “authority,” in his field; he possesses an “expert knowledge” which the student has come to school to “learn“; the student is the “learner.” The teacher's role, accordingly, is the active one of transmitting information and the student's role, accordingly, is the passive one of receiving and recording (or memorizing) this information.

scholarly journals Was Jesus Illegitimate? The Evidence of His Social Interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
James McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Illegitimate Child ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article examines the social status of the historical Jesus in relation to recent studies that place Jesus into the social category of an illegitimate child. After surveying the evidence with respect to the situation of such individuals in first-century Mediterranean and Jewish society, we shall proceed to examine whether Jesus’ implied social status (as evidenced by accounts of his adult social interactions) coheres with what one would expect in the case of someone who bore the stigma of that status. Our study suggests that the scandal caused by Jesus’ association with the marginalized clearly implies that he did not himself fall into that category.

scholarly journals Social hierarchy is established and maintained with distinct acts of aggression in male Drosophilamelanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (24) ◽  
pp. jeb232439
Author(s):  
Jasper C. Simon ◽  
Ulrike Heberlein
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Explicit Approach ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Dominant State

ABSTRACTSocial interactions pivot on an animal's experiences, internal states and feedback from others. This complexity drives the need for precise descriptions of behavior to dissect the fine detail of its genetic and neural circuit bases. In laboratory assays, male Drosophila melanogaster reliably exhibit aggression, and its extent is generally measured by scoring lunges, a feature of aggression in which one male quickly thrusts onto his opponent. Here, we introduce an explicit approach to identify both the onset and reversals in hierarchical status between opponents and observe that distinct aggressive acts reproducibly precede, concur or follow the establishment of dominance. We find that lunges are insufficient for establishing dominance. Rather, lunges appear to reflect the dominant state of a male and help in maintaining his social status. Lastly, we characterize the recurring and escalating structure of aggression that emerges through subsequent reversals in dominance. Collectively, this work provides a framework for studying the complexity of agonistic interactions in male flies, enabling its neurogenetic basis to be understood with precision.

Functions of Indeterminacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-215
Author(s):  
David Lanius
Keyword(s):  
Positive Function ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Considerable Doubt ◽  
Signalling Games

This chaptersheds light on the potential use of linguistic indeterminacy. It identifies conditions under which indeterminacy in general (if not semantic vagueness) can be strategically used.The negative results of this examination are that most arguments for the value of semantic vagueness are unsound and that even our best game theoretic models of vagueness only show that some form of indeterminacy is beneficial under some conditions. On the positive side, the examination provides evidence based on formal models of signalling games for the possibility to strategically use conversational vagueness, ambiguity, and pragmatic indeterminacy - at least for certain conditions: for example, if there is a conflict of interests. Thus, while most forms of linguistic indeterminacy arguably can have a positive function, there is considerable doubt about any potential value of semantic vagueness.

scholarly journals Examining the social status, risk factors and lifestyle changes of tuberculosis patients in Sri Lanka during the treatment period: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madapathage Gayan Buddhika Senanake ◽  
Sumudu Indika Wickramasinghe ◽  
Sudath Samaraweera ◽  
Pubudu De Silva ◽  
Sisira Edirippulige
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Narcotic Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, commonly seen in underdeveloped countries. The probability of contracting the disease is significantly higher among the economically vulnerable and the socially disadvantaged. Risk factors associated with TB can also change over time. In the Sri Lankan context, no study has explored how these factors impact patients. Therefore, we aimed to explore social status, associated risk factors and lifestyle changes during the treatment period of TB patients attending a tertiary respiratory center in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. The study population consisted of diagnosed tuberculosis patients above the age of 15 years. Patient records were retrieved from the TB patient registry for the Colombo district. Systematic sampling was used to identify patients to be invited to the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were collected on social status (example, level of education, employment, and income), associated risk factors (example, smoking and alcohol consumption, contact history, narcotic drug use) and lifestyle changes during treatment (example, employment status, social interactions). The analysis included a logistic regression model to explore the association between social status and risk factors. Results: The total number of patients included in the study was 425. Tuberculosis was found to be strongly prevalentamong participants from the lower socio-economic status. It was also common in participants with a low level of education, unemployed, if employed, those who are engaged in unskilled employment and have low levels of income. Risk factors associated with the patients were smoking, alcohol consumptions, narcotic drug use, imprisonment, closecontact history with active TB patients and chronic medical conditions. Changes in employment and the reduction ofsocial-interactions were the main lifestyle changes of the participants occurred during the treatment period. The analysis also showed positive correlation between low-level social status and sputum smear infectivity, and use of dangerous drugs. Even after adjusting for confounders, tuberculosis negatively affected social interactions and income levels of participants from the low social status. Conclusion: Low socio-economic status negatively affected the lifestyle and social interactions of patients during the treatment period. Though competent treatment programs exist in Sri Lanka, it is still important to identify and mitigate risk factors associated with tuberculosis patients. A comprehensive multi-disciplinary approach considering patient lifestyle,  and the implications of the disease and treatment on social interactions may strengthen the current preventive strategies.

scholarly journals A better-performing Q-learning game-theoretic distributed routing for underwater wireless sensor networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155014771875472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Transmission Problems ◽  
Learning Game ◽  
Game Theoretic

Underwater sensor networks have recently emerged as a promising networking technique for various underwater applications. However, the acoustic routing of underwater sensor networks in the aquatic environment presents challenges in terms of dynamic structure, high rates of energy consumption, long propagation delay, and narrow bandwidth. Therefore, it is difficult to adapt traditional routing protocols, which are known to be reliable in terrestrial wireless networks. In this study, we focus on the development of novel routing algorithms to tackle acoustic transmission problems in underwater sensor networks. The proposed scheme is based on reinforcement learning and game theory and is designed as a routing game model to provide an effective packet-forwarding mechanism. In particular, our Q-learning game paradigm captures the dynamics of the underwater sensor networks system in a decentralized, distributed manner. The results of a performance simulation analysis show that the proposed scheme can outperform existing schemes while displaying balanced system performance in terms of energy efficiency and underwater sensor networks throughput.

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