scholarly journals ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ СТУЛКОВОГО ВІДСІКУ ХВОСТОВИХ ВАНТАЖНИХ ЛЮКІВ ЛІТАКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
А. Г. Гребеников ◽  
А. З. Двейрин ◽  
Д. С. Конышев
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Aircraft Fuselage ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Tail Part ◽  
Closed Position ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Main Components

The method for determining the main parameters of the tail cargo doors of transport category aircraft is developed. There have been prepared initial data and described the methodology for finding them. An example based on an existing transport aircraft is considered. The basic nomenclature of transported cargoes of the designed aircraft, its dimensions and weight, methods of loading and mooring, additional loading equipment were taken as initial data. As well as such necessary design, operational and regulatory parameters and data as landing gear type, its “kneeling” system, rails of the upper loading equipment for loading and unloading, cargo trajectories during loading and landing, requirements of international regulatory organizations FAR, CS, AP. The principle of determining the dimensions of the cargo compartment, cargo floor and the hitting platforms in the form of ramp with pressure door, ladders is presented, based on the initial data. Taking into account the loading and unloading, landing operations described the dependence of the ramp length on the length of the cargo floor. The correct formation of these parameters is one of the most important tasks, from the solution of which directly depend the operational characteristics of the future transport aircraft. A method for designing cargo door fairings in the transport category aircraft fuselage tail part is also presented. There have been determined the main features of the fairings compartment, its main components and their varieties, depending on the scheme of the cargo door. At the stage of preliminary design, the principles for determining the main parameters of the fairings compartments based on their design purpose are outlined.Also provided information on the fairings compartment structural elements parameters selection: the axes of the fairings hinge, the selection of control cylinders and their installation, the parameters of the open and closed position locks, pressurization and sealing of the fairings compartment. Considered the design features of the fuselage tail section various theories fairings compartment - made in cross-section with one radius (in the shape of a cylinder) and given in cross-section with two radii (double-deck).

The Geometric Component Of Technical Innovations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Николай Сальков ◽  
Nikolay Sal'kov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Screw Mixer ◽  
Extrusion Head ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Made In

In technical inventions related to innovative developments, the role of one of the main components belongs to geometry. A follow hypothesis has been adopted: in technical inventions the geometrical component is the determining one. This hypothesis applied to technical inventions can be confirmed by any copyright certificate, any patent both in Russia and abroad. In proposed paper this statement is proved by examples developed based on geometry of following inventions. 1. Screen feeder for sticky masses. Screen feeder’s grates are made in pairs, and between grate pairs there are gaps for screening of material’s size-defined fractions. In the screen-feeder has been proposed such geometry of grates that grates of each pair could clean each other, thereby preventing sticking on the surface and destroying the gaps between the pairs, which transforms the usual screen-feeder with cylindrical grates at an ordinary feeder. 2. Double-screw mixer for paste-like masses. The mixer consists of two contiguous worms. Their surfaces are the helical ones, in cross-section consisting of two quarters of circles stacked at the ends. Such cross-section allows homogenize the mixed paste-like material in the best way, and also deliver it under higher pressure in an extrusion head, that improves a final product. 3. Machine for processing of multi-faceted surfaces. This invention serves for manufacture of worms with a cross-section composed of two, three, etc. pieces of circles of the same radius and angle. Worms, made with this machine, are designed for the above mentioned two-screw mixer. 4. Method of mechanical processing. This method is also intended to manufacture of worms for two-screw mixer.

scholarly journals Irradiation Spectrum and Ionization-Induced Diffusion Effects in Ceramics

1996 ◽  
Vol 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Zinkle
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Defect Production ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
Light Ions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Atom Energy

AbstractThere are two main components to the irradiation spectrum which need to be considered inradiation effects studies on nonmetals, namely the primary knock-on atom energy spectrum and ionizing radiation. The published low-temperature studies on A12O3 and MgO suggest that the defect production is nearly independent of the average primary knock-on atom energy, in sharp contrast to the situation for metals. On the other hand, ionizing radiation has been shown to exert a pronounced influence on the microstructural evolution of both semiconductors and insulators under certain conditions. Recent work on the microstructure of ion-irradiated ceramics is summarized, which provides evidence for significant ionization-induced diffusion. Polycrystalline samples of MgO, A12O3, and MgAl2O4 were irradiated with various ions ranging from 1 MeV H+ to 4 MeV Zr+ ions at temperatures between 25 and 650°C. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the depth-dependent microstructure of the irradiated specimens. Dislocation loop nucleation was effectively suppressed in specimens irradiated with light ions, whereas the growth rate of dislocation loops was enhanced. The sensitivity to irradiation spectrum is attributed to ionization-induced diffusion. The interstitial migration energies in MgAl2O4 and A12O3 are estimated to be ≤0.4 eV and ≤0.8 eV, respectively for irradiation conditions where ionization-induced diffusion effects are expected to be negligible.

scholarly journals Study of information completeness of radar data for air target classification.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Kvasnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Target Classification ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Reflected Signal

In the article considers the estimation of completeness of radar data that obtained by the reflected signal from air spot targets as result of remote sensing. The feature space analyses based on information theory therefore evaluates maximum deviation data, which can be used for automatic target classification. The article demonstrates the study of trajectory (velocity, climb and height of flight) and signal (radar cross section and radar existing) features in respect of potential detected accuracy. As a priori data, reference information is used on various types and classes of air objects - aircraft (large transport aircraft, medium-haul aircraft, business jets, light motor aircraft, etc.). Modeling shows the most efficiency and completeness features are height of flight (Hh ≈ 5.17)  and velocity  (Hv ≈ 4.17)  of air object systems.

scholarly journals Design characteristics of an armored tractor for hot climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
A.G. Semenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Engine Compartment ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Tractor Driver

The article discusses issues related to the field of tractor construction, specifically to tracked and wheeled tractors equipped with various attachments that perform earthmoving, loading, transport and other works in industrial and road construction in special conditions that require additional cooling of the power compartment and protection of the operator and the main components of the machinery from the bullets and shrapnel. Not every serial tractor and machinery based on it (includ-ing the engineering ones) is suitable for operation in the special conditions of countries with hot climates, especially in conditions of war or its consequences (undetected and not neutralized mines, unexploded bombs, etc.). The aim of the work is to link the known measures of strengthening the standard cooling system of the engine compartment of an armored tractor with its armor protection, excluding, at least, the negative consequences of such “heat engineering recipes” for the operational safety of the tractor driver mainly, and thereby improve the technical and operational characteristics of armored tractor. The proposed options make it possible to improve the technical and operational characteristics of the armored tractor through the use of such arrangement of the considered compo-nents of the tractor (the cabin with operator's workplace, the power compartment, limited by the hood, and the heat exchange hatch), that allow to meet the maximum requirements, which are a vis-ibility from the cabin and protection of the cabine from weapons that fall into the cover. The results obtained seem to be a sufficient basis for an optimistic forecast of the implementation of this devel-opment in the existing technological structure of the domestic economy.

Marine Diesel Propulsion Plants for the U.S. Navy: Requirements for Geared Medium-Speed Engines

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 276-301
Author(s):  
Zbigniew J. Karaszewski ◽  
Wilhelm F. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Economic Considerations

Economic considerations for reduced operational costs of U.S. Navy diesel ships and the experience of European operators with diesel propulsion can no longer be ignored. The operational characteristics of high-powered diesel engines, compared with those of the steam or gas turbines, as prime movers, is different with respect to the propulsion system balance of torque variations. Maintenance is also quite different when compared to that of turbine installations. From an engineering point of view it is essential to have well-defined criteria for achieving balanced main components and system design. The sudden turn of American operators—with predominant knowledge and confidence in steam or gas turbine propulsion design and operation—towards marine diesel plants could result in unacceptable operational scenarios of existing diesel ships and eventual abundance or long delay of diesel power plant applications in the United States. This paper provides a broader understanding and greater appreciation of the technical aspects governing the application, design and operation of a state-of-the-art diesel propulsion plant.

scholarly journals Principle and Approach for Determining the Reasonable Cross-Section of the Solid-Web Double-Beam Component

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Ai Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Elastic Theory ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Beam Component

Solid-web double-beam component is widely used in the dipper handle of excavator, whose mechanical behaviour belongs to compression-bending member and mainly satisfies the strength requirement. In this paper, it starts from the design principles of steel structure and elastic theory, determines the dimension of the main cross-section and the reverse tube under guidance of optimization, and provides initial data for the detailed design. The method has common direct sense.

scholarly journals Estimating Bridge Reliability by Using Bayesian Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Groeneveld ◽  
Stephanie G. Wood ◽  
Edgardo Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Concrete Girders ◽  
Bridge Reliability ◽  
Main Components

As part of an inspection, bridge inspectors assign condition ratings to the main components of a bridge’s structural system and identify any defects that they observe. Condition ratings are necessarily somewhat subjective, as they are influenced by the experience of the inspectors. In the current work, procedures were developed for making inferences on the reliability of reinforced concrete girders with defects at both the cross section and the girder level. The Bayesian network (BN) tools constructed in this work use simple structural m echanics to model the capacity of girders. By using expert elicitation, defects observed during inspection are correlated with underlying deterioration mechanisms. By linking these deterioration mechanisms with reductions in mechanical properties, inferences on the reliability of a bridge can be made based on visual observation of defects. With more development, this BN tool can be used to compare conditions of bridges relative to one another and aid in the prioritization of repairs. However, an extensive survey of bridges affected by deterioration mechanisms is needed to confidently establish valid relationships between deterioration severity and mechanical properties.

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