scholarly journals A Review - Carisoprodol as Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
A. A Patil ◽  
M. K. Shirsat ◽  
V. R. Salunkhe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Host Target

In the world of pharmacology, the prescription of a medicine and its dosage play important role. Different physico-chemical methods are in vogue in describing the interactions of the drug molecule with host target among them, the chief being spectroscopic, chromatographic and quantum mechanical techniques. Skeletal muscle relaxants are divided into two categories: antispastic (for conditions such as cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis) and antispasmodic agents (for musculoskeletal conditions). Antispastic agents (e.g., baclofen [Lioresal], dantrolene [Dantrium]) should not be prescribed for musculoskeletal conditions because there is sparse evidence to support their use. Rather, anantispasmodic agent may be more appropriate Many of the studies evaluating the effectiveness of skeletal muscle relaxants are hampered by poor methodologic design, including incomplete reporting of compliance, improper or no mention of allocation concealment, not utilizing intention-to-treat methods, and inadequate randomization. skeletal muscle relaxants have been evaluated in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.These include Methocarbamol, Meprobamate, Metaxalone, Carisoprodol, Dantrium and Baclofen. Chemically Carisoprodol is N-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate. Methods like nitration, Sulphonation, Methylation, Esterification, Acetylation and Diazotization was used for formation of new derivative which can be detected in UV region. Different reactions of diazotization were used for getting a new and novel derivative of Carisoprodol. Physiochemical properties, TLC, UV, IR and NMR analysis of Carisoprodol and newly obtained derivatives of Carisoprodol was studied and it showed that there was change in color, odour, taste, melting point, solubility pattern of original drug and derivatives.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR HYDROLYTIC CLEAVAGE OF MOLECULES SAPONINS – DERIVATIVES OF QUILLAJA ACID

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Vladimirovna Mironenko ◽  
Irina Viktorovna Shkutina ◽  
Tat'yana Aleksandrovna Brezhneva ◽  
Vladimir Fedorovich Selemenev
Keyword(s):  
Heating Time ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hydrolytic Cleavage ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

The possibility of hydrolytic decomposition of glycosides soap tree Qullaja. The conditions for the complete hydrolysis of saponins: a mixture of hydrochloric acid, water, ethanol in a ratio of 4 :7.35 : 6.65, heating time – at least 6 hours. The composition of the carbohydrate part of saponins was established – xylose, glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose were identified in all hydrolysates. The analysis of the obtained fraction of aglycone – willieboy acid physico-chemical methods. Based on the calculation results of chromatographic characteristics (mobility, number and height of theoretical plates), a system for elution of aglycone of the following composition is recommended: petroleum ether–chloroform–acetone (20 : 20 : 5). By the method of potentiometric titration in a non-aqueous solvent medium, the percentage of aglycone in the selected fractions was determined-88.23%. A comparative study of the aqueous solution of aglycone and saponins by UV spectrophotometry. A decrease in the intensity of absorption bands in the 230, 290 nm region responsible for the absorption of carbonyl structures is shown. Analyzed the IR spectra of saponins and willieboy acid identified bands assigned to the vibrations of functional groups of the aglycone and the carbohydrate residue.

scholarly journals Synthesis and establishment of physico-chemical constants 2-(5-( chinoline -2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-іл)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-ілтіо) acetate acids and their esther

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Т. М. Kaplaushenko ◽  
О. І. Panasenko ◽  
Y. G. Samelyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antimycotic Agent ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Derivatives Of

The large interest in the plan of search biologically of active agents is caused by the heterocyclic system of 1,2,4-triazole, due to high biological activity, and by the low indexes of toxicness, that inherent it to the structural analogues. Today in medical practice the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are used as high-efficiency antioxidants, cytostatic antimycotic agent , antidepressants and others. Literary information testify that among connections, representatives derivative of 3-tio-1,2,4-triazole range condensed with heteryl carboxylic acid, and their derivatives, find matters with the wide spectrum of biological action. The primary purpose of this work is continuation of synthetic researches 5-(chinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-tion, namely synthesis of new 2-(5-(chinolin-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) acetate acids, their esteriv and establishment for the new structural derivatives of physical and chemical constants, confirmation of structure and individuality. On the basis of purposeful synthesis was received 10 new, connections derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole not described in literature, that contain the kernels of triazole`s cycle of chinole in a 5 position, or 2- hydroxyquinoline deputies, namely 2-(5-(chinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-2,4-dihydro-3Н-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) acetate acids and their esteras. For the synthesized connections by the modern physical and chemical methods of analysis their structure is well-proven, and physical and chemical constants are set. Structure of synthesized esteriv 2-(5-(quinoline-2-il, 2-hydroxyquinoline-4-il)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-iltio) of acetate acids is confirmed the complex use of element analysis and ICh-spectrophotometry.

Manual therapies for pain relief in patients with headache

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Débora Wanderley ◽  
Andrea Lemos ◽  
Larissa de Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Daniella Araújo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache ◽  
Allocation Concealment ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Manual Therapies ◽  
Osteopathic Manipulation ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Headache Relief ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Treat Analysis

Objective. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of manual therapies for headache relief. Method. A systematic search in MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Sci­ence databases was conducted for randomized and quasi-randomized trials, with no restrictions for language or year of publication. The de­scriptors were ‘Headache’, ‘Headache disorders’ and ‘Musculoskeletal manipulations’, in addition to the keyword ‘Manual therapy’ and its equivalents in Portuguese. We included studies that compared mas­sage, chiropractic manipulation, osteopathic manipulation and other spinal manipulation to groups with no intervention, other physiother­apeutic modalities or to a sham group. Results. Seven of the 567 ar­ticles initially screened were selected, including patients with tension type headache, cervicogenic headache or migraine. It was not possible to assess the magnitude of the treatment effect on the findings of this review. The main limitations were the absence of randomization and adequate allocation concealment, the lack of blinded evaluators and intention-to-treat analysis and inadequate statistical analysis. Conclu­sions. We were unable to determine the size of the treatment effect due to the selective description of findings. Owing to the high risk of bias in the articles included, the available evidence regarding the ef­ficacy of manual therapies for headache relief is insufficient.

scholarly journals Identification of pigments in artworks by inverse tangent derivative of spectrum and a new filtering method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fazlali ◽  
S. Gorji Kandi
Keyword(s):  
Reflectance Spectrum ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Munk Function ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Employing an economical and non-destructive method for identifying pigments utilized in artworks is a significant aspect for preserving their antiquity value. One of the non-destructive methods for this purpose is spectrophotometry, which is based on the selected absorption of light. Mathematical descriptive methods such as derivatives of the reflectance spectrum, the Kubelka–Munk function and logarithm have been employed for the characterization of the peak features corresponding to the spectrophotometric data. In the present study, the mentioned mathematical descriptive methods were investigated with the aim to characterize the constituents of an Iranian artwork but were not efficient for the samples. Therefore, inverse tangent derivative equation was developed on spectral data for the first time, providing considerable details in the profile of reflectance curves. In the next part, to have a simpler and more practical method it was suggested to use filters made up of pure pigments. By using these filters and placing them on the samples, imaging was done. Then, images of samples with and without filter were evaluated and pure pigments were distinguished. The mentioned methods were also used to identify pigments in a modern Iranian painting specimen. The results confirmed these methods with reliable answers indicating that physical methods (alongside chemical methods) can also be effective in determining the types of pigments.

scholarly journals Contribution of Nanomaterials to the Development of Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Food Products

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valérie Gaudin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Portable Instrumentation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues

The detection of antimicrobial residues in food products of animal origin is of utmost importance. Indeed antimicrobial residues could be present in animal derived food products because of animal treatments for curative purposes or from illegal use. The usual screening methods to detect antimicrobial residues in food are microbiological, immunological or physico-chemical methods. The development of biosensors to propose sensitive, cheap and quick alternatives to classical methods is constantly increasing. Aptasensors are one of the major trends proposed in the literature, in parallel with the development of immunosensors based on antibodies. The characteristics of electrochemical sensors (i.e., low cost, miniaturization, and portable instrumentation) make them very good candidates to develop screening methods for antimicrobial residues in food products. This review will focus on the recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of antimicrobial residues in food products. The contribution of nanomaterials to improve the performance characteristics of electrochemical aptasensors (e.g., Sensitivity, easiness, stability) in the last ten years, as well as signal amplification techniques will be highlighted.

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