scholarly journals Regeneration of plant winter garlic in vitro after colchicine treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Valery S. Romanov ◽  
Olga V. Romanova ◽  
Lyubov I. Gerasimova ◽  
Timofey M. Seredin ◽  
Natalia A. Shmykova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Colchicine Solution ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. The genetic diversity of winter garlic depends entirely on the natural selection of the best and highest-yielding clones. In unfavorable abiotic factors, physiological and biochemical properties allow polyploidy plants to have greater tolerance and viability than diploid species. Obtaining the source material based on polyploidy in winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important alternative approaches to genetic improvement of this crop.Methods. From air garlic bulbs, plants were grown through in vitro culture. Pre-air bulbs were treated with 0.1% colchicine solution for 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours. Shoots and roots were regenerated by cultivating explants for 1/2 MS, with 3 mg / l 6-BAP and 0.1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid and cultured in light with an intensity of 5–8 ths. LC and a photoperiod of 18 hours. Treatment of air bulbs with 0.1% colchicine solution made it possible to obtain winter garlic plants using in vitro culture.Results. In the end, we were not able to get flowering forms from garlic using the polyploidization method. But, thanks to the cultivation of winter garlic in vitro, it became possible to accelerate the selection process by obtaining one generation per year “from clove to clove”. When working on obtaining polyploidy forms, more than one variety should be used, since the reaction of varieties to colchicine treatment is ambiguous, as is their reaction to growing conditions and survival. The most responsive for obtaining plants in vitro culture was the Yubileyny Gribovsky variety.

scholarly journals Amphidiploid Induction from Diploid Rose Interspecific Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
David H. Byrne ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Colchicine Solution

A high priority in rose (Rosa spp.) breeding research is the transfer of disease resistance, especially to black spot (Diplocarpon rosae Lib.), from wild diploid Rosa species to modern rose cultivars. To this end, amphidiploids (2n = 4x = 28) were induced with colchicine from five interspecific diploid (2n = 2x = 14) hybrids involving the black spot resistant diploid species R. wichuraiana Crép, R. roxburghii Thratt., R. banksiae Ait., R. rugosa rubra Hort., and R. setigera Michaux. Two application procedures (agitation of excised nodes in colchicine solution or tissue culture of shoots on medium with colchicine), five colchicine concentrations (0.0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.76, and 5.01 mmol), and five durations (2, 3, 5, 8, and 10 d) were used. After colchicine treatment, the materials were cultured in vitro and the surviving explants were examined for the “gigas” characteristics typical of doubled diploids. Chromosome counts of morphologically suspect genotypes confirmed 15 amphidiploids among 1109 plants that survived colchicine treatment. Although the effect of colchicine treatment varied some among interspecific hybrids, 2.50 mmol for 48 h of node agitation or 1.25 mmol for at least 5 d of shoot culture were optimal.

scholarly journals Colchicine-induced Amphidiploids of Rose Interspecific Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 778A-778
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
David H. Byrne ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Rose Breeding ◽  
Colchicine Solution ◽  
Ploidy Chimeras

An objective of our rose breeding research is to transfer resistance to blackspot and other diseases from wild diploid species to modern rose cultivars. Interspecific hybrids among blackspot-resistant diploid species were chosen for chromosome doubling to produce fertile amphidiploids that could be hybridized to the tetraploid commercial germplasm. Five such F1 interspecific hybrids were treated with colchicine. The study included two different application procedures (shake in colchicine solution or colchicine in media), four colchicine concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.20%), and five treatment periods (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 days). After colchicine treatment, all the materials were cultured in vitro. One thousand-thirty-seven surviving explants were selected for typical “gigas” characteristics of doubled diploids. Chromosome counts on shoot tips of these selected genotypes confirmed 15 amphidiploids. The best colchicine treatment varied among the interspecific hybrids. Higher colchicine concentrations or duration reduced growth rating, rooting, and percent survival. The recognition of amphiploids and ploidy chimeras from young seedlings will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Interspecific hybridization between diploid Fagopyrum esculentum and tetraploid F. homotropicum

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Wang ◽  
Rachael Scarth ◽  
Clayton Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Ploidy Levels

The wild diploid species Fagopyrum homotropicum (2n = 2x = 16) has been used for buckwheat improvement, but, prior to this study, the tetraploid form (2n = 4x = 32) had not been hybridized with the cultivated species F. esculentum. The objective of this study was to hybridize F. esculentum with tetraploid F. homotropicum to increase the genetic variability. Forty-one interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained through ovule rescue in vitro, with hybridity confirmed using morphological characters, chromosome numbers (2n = 3x = 24) and DNA analysis. The F1 plants were mainly sterile. However, seven seeds were set spontaneously on two hybrid plants, and a large number of seeds were obtained after colchicine treatment. The F2 plants were divided into two groups based on chromosome numbers and morphology. The first group was hexaploid plants (2n = 6x = 48) or hypohexaploid plants (2n = 44–46), partially fertile with “gigas” features including increased height, dark green leaves, and large seeds with thick seed hulls. The second group of plants was diploid (2n = 2x = 16) (one plant had 17 chromosomes), with normal growth and fertility, and a combination of characters from both parents, indicating that genetic recombination had occurred during chromosome elimination. The diploid group was superior to the hexaploid group for use in buckwheat breeding programs due to the desirable characters and the ease of crossing. This is the first report of interspecific hybridization using different ploidy levels in the Fagopyrum genus. Key words: Buckwheat (F. esculentum; F. homotropicum), interspecific hybridization, breeding, tetraploid, diploid, hexaploid, fertility

scholarly journals Induksi PLB Anggrek Vanda sumatrana Schltr. Liar Pada Media MS dengan Penambahan BAP dan NAA serta Ploidisasi dengan Kolkisin

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hanifah - Aini ◽  
Mansyurdin - Mansyurdin ◽  
Suwirmen - Suwirmen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Colchicine Solution ◽  
Department Faculty

The study about PLB induction of wild Vanda sumatrana Schltr. on MS media suplement with BAP and NAA and ploidisation by colchicine treatment was conducted from December 2014 until November 2015 at the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Biology department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The study aimed to 1) knowing the best concentration of 6-Benzyl amino purin (BAP) and α-Naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) for Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB)  induction from shoot tip of V. sumatrana, 2) knowing the PLB response of V. sumatrana to concentrations and soak period of colchicine and 3) find the effective concentrations and soak period of colchicine to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana. Shoot tips from in-vitro cultured of V. sumatrana  were subcultured on Murashinge and Skoog (MS) medium supplement with 3 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 3 mg/l BAP and 1,5 mg/l BAP. PLB of diploid V. sumatrana from the best treatment were soaked in 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine for 24 and 48 hours respectively in MS liquid medium, as control were set PLB without colchicine treatment. The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP was the best formula to induce PLB. The highest percentage of survival rate of PLB and percentage of survived PLB regenerated shoot was obtained from 0.05% colchicine with 24 hours soak period treatment. The effective treatment to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana Schltr. was obtained from 0.05% colchicine solution for 24 hours soak period.

scholarly journals Single-cell analysis reveals selection of TP53-mutated clones after MDM2 inhibition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabih Maslah ◽  
Emmanuelle Verger ◽  
Stéphane Giraudier ◽  
Mathias Chea ◽  
Ronald Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Tp53 Mutations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The mechanisms of transformation of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) to leukemia are largely unknown but TP53mutations acquisition is considered a key event in this process. P53 is a main tumor suppressor but mutations in this protein per se do not confer a proliferative advantage to the cells and a selection process is needed for the expansion of mutant clones. MDM2 inhibitors may rescue normal p53 from degradation and have been evaluated in a variety of cancers with promising results. However the impact of these drugs on TP53 mutated cells is underexplored. We report herein evidence of a direct effect of MDM2 inhibition on the selection of MPN patients' cells harboring TP53 mutations. To decipher whether these mutations can arise in a specific molecular context we used a DNA single cell approach to determine the clonal architecture of TP53 mutated cells. We observed that TP53 mutations are late events in MPN mainly occurring in the driver clone while clonal evolution frequently consists of sequential branching instead of linear consecutive acquisition of mutations in the same clone. At the single cell level the presence of additional mutations does not influence the selection of TP53 mutant cells by MDM2 inhibitor treatment. Also, we describe an in vitro test allowing to predict the emergence of TP53 mutated clones. Altogether, this is the first demonstration that a drug treatment can directly favor the emergence of TP53-mutated subclones in MPN.

scholarly journals First person – Shohei Yamamoto

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. bio058621
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Early Career ◽  
First Person ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Physiological Chemistry ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Shohei Yamamoto is first author on ‘Biophysical and biochemical properties of Deup1 self-assemblies: a potential driver for deuterosome formation during multiciliogenesis’, published in BiO. Shohei conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student and then postdoc in Daiju Kitagawa's lab at Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan. He is now a postdoc in the lab of Manuel Théry and Laurent Blanchoin at the Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA, Grenoble, France, investigating in vitro reconstitution of cytoskeleton systems.

scholarly journals CULTURE USE PROBLEMS IN SELECTION OF ISOLATED MICROSPORES IN GRAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. A. Iskakova ◽  
D. O. Baisaparova ◽  
D. R. Raimbek ◽  
K. Zh. Zhambakin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Selection Of

Production of haploid plants by culture of isolated microspores is a quick way of obtaining homozygous crop lines. Recessive features of mutant homozygous plants are also possible to determine by this biotechnology. Contrary from anthers culture, in which the presence of anther walls can lead to the development of diploid somatic calli and plants, the microspore culture produces only haploid or dihaploid lines. Isolated microspores culture in addition represents and has a unique identification system for studying the mechanisms of embryogenesis in in vitro culture. The usage of haploid technology extends the genetic basis of wheat breeding, since it allows increasing the frequency of new gene combinations. This technology significantly increases the efficiency of breeding new highly productive varieties of crops. On this basis, it becomes possible to quickly assess the prospects of dihaploids, which significantly improves the efficiency of the selection process. DH plants are completely fertile and, if necessary, may be used as parents or processed as a cultivar. DHs have been widely used for cultivar development, genetic mapping, mutagenesis, and the study of gene functions.

scholarly journals Study Cekaman Salinitas Terhadap Mutan Padi Pada Kondisi In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossa Yunita ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Ika Mariska
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In vitro selection using of salt (NaCl) has been used to select plants that tolerate salinity, so that effective selection process. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the mechanism of salinity tolerance in rice in vitro conditions. This study consisted of two experiments, they are the selection of salinity tolerance somaclone putative mutants in vitro and study of salinity tolerance mechanism results in in vitro selection. The tolerant plants after being treated NaCl show response to the accumulation of proline is more, the content of K, Mg and Ca which tends to remain and Na content is lower, stomata density is fewer and the length and width ratio stomata is greater.

scholarly journals Riboswitch identification using Ligase-Assisted Selection for the Enrichment of Responsive Ribozymes (LigASERR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Haines ◽  
Marko Storch ◽  
Diego A Oyarzún ◽  
Guy-Bart Stan ◽  
Geoff S Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Generating Functional ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In vitro selection of ligand-responsive ribozymes can identify rare, functional sequences from large libraries. While powerful, key caveats of this approach include lengthy and demanding experimental workflows; unpredictable experimental outcomes and unknown functionality of enriched sequences in vivo. To address the first of these limitations, we developed Ligase-Assisted Selection for the Enrichment of Responsive Ribozymes (LigASERR). LigASERR is scalable, amenable to automation and requires less time to implement compared to alternative methods. To improve the predictability of experiments, we modeled the underlying selection process, predicting experimental outcomes based on sequence and population parameters. We applied this new methodology and model to the enrichment of a known, in vitro-selected sequence from a bespoke library. Prior to implementing selection, conditions were optimized and target sequence dynamics accurately predicted for the majority of the experiment. In addition to enriching the target sequence, we identified two new, theophylline-activated ribozymes. Notably, all three sequences yielded riboswitches functional in Escherichia coli, suggesting LigASERR and similar in vitro selection methods can be utilized for generating functional riboswitches in this organism.

scholarly journals Use of Genetic Diversity of the Genus Prunus L. in Selection of Clonal Rootstocks for Stone Fruit Crops and Features of Their Reproduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Gennadiy V. Eremin ◽  
Vladimir N. Podorozhniy ◽  
Oksana V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Develop Technology ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract On the basis of diversity of wild types of the genus Prunus L. (P. cerasifera, P. armeniaca, P. persica, P. fruticosa, P. lannesiana, P. maackii, P. tomentosa, P. pumila, and P. incana) in the collection of the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, highly adaptive, medium or weak vigour clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops with good compatibility with grafted cultivars were selected: for plum, apricot and peach - Kuban 86, VVA-1, Evrika 99, Zarevo (Glow), Alab 1, Speaker, Best, VSV-1; and for sweet cherries and sour cherries - L-2, LC-52, VSL-1, VSL-2, and RVL-9. Part of the rootstocks were tested and successfully used in different parts of Russia and some near and far countries. The applied integration of tissue culture in vitro in the selection process at the station considerably promoted the rapid introduction of new rootstocks into world production. Technologies were developed for microclonal reproduction, and green and woody cuttings. The revealed light rooting of woody cuttings of stocks Kuban 86, Evrika 99, Zarevo, Best, VSL-1, RVL-9 (50-80%) allowed to develop technology for growing of young plants on these rootstocks directly in the first field of the nursery.

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