scholarly journals Coastal Protection of Southern Part of The Bintuni Bay From Oil Spill: An Environmental Sensitivity Index Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Undang Hernawan ◽  
Rahayu Kusumah Risdianto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The southern part of Bintuni Bay with highly sensitive ecosystem conditions has evolved into an oil and gas industry where potential impacts on coastal and offshore environments need to be anticipated and planned comprehensively for environmental protection from oil spills. The main problem is the determination of areas that are sensitive and vulnerable to oil spills. This study is to analyze the factors and components that affect the level of environmental sensitivity and mapping Environment Sensitivity Index (ESI) to the oil spill.  The study was carried out by identifying and assessing each land units of its and use. Land use and land cover are interpreted through the use of satellite imagery with classification methods of guided satellite imagery. Field survey was also conducted in order to improve the accuracy of land use interpretation. Data analysis was performed by spatially by GIS method. The result indicated that ESI can be divided into five categories, are very sensitive (2,395.98 hectares or 2.38%), sensitive (13,133.53 hectares or 13.07%), moderately sensitive (17,902.78 hectares or 17.81%), low sensitive (52,409.14 hectares or 52.14%) and not sensitive (14,681.48 hectares or 14.61%). Although the study area is dominated by low sensitivity category, however the coastal protection from oil spill still should be prioritized.Keywords:  coastal protection, Environmental Sensitivity Index, Oil Spill, Bintuni Bay Wilayah bagian selatan Teluk Bintuni dengan kondisi ekosistem yang sangat sensitif telah berkembang menjadi industri minyak dan gas dimana potensi dampaknya terhadap lingkungan pesisir dan lepas pantai  perlu diantisipasi dan terencana secara komprehensif untuk perlindungan lingkungan dari kemungkinan tumpahan minyak. Masalah utamanya adalah penentuan daerah yang sensitif dan rentan terhadap tumpahan minyak. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor dan komponen yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat sensitivitas lingkungan dan pemetaan Indeks Sensitivitas Lingkungan (ISL) terhadap tumpahan minyak. Studi ini dilakukan dengan cara identifikasi dan penilaian unit lahan pada setiap penggunaan lahan. Penggunaan dan penutup lahan diinterpretasikan melalui penggunaan citra satelit dengan metode klasifikasi citra satelit terbimbing. Guna meningkatkan akurasi interpretasi penggunaan lahan juga dilaksanakan survei lapangan. Analisis data hasil penilaian unit identifikasi dilakukan secara spasial dengan metode SIG. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ESI dapat dibagi menjadi lima kategori, yaitu sangat sensitif (2.395,98 hektar atau 2,38%), sensitif (13.133,53 hektar atau 13,07%), cukup sensitif (17.902,78 hektar atau 17,81%), sensitif rendah (52,409.14 hektar atau 52,14% dan tidak sensitif (14.681,48 hektar atau 14,61. Meskipun sebagian besar daerah daerah penelitian termasuk dalam kategori sensitif rendah, namun demikian perlindungan dari tumpahan minyak harus tetap diprioritaskan.Kata Kunci: perlindungan pantai, Indeks Sensitivits Lingkungan, tumpahan minyak, Teluk Bintuni 

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE COASTS OF THE KARA SEA TO THE OIL SPILL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ermolov ◽  
Alexander Ermolov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
International System ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
International Systems

International experience of oil spill response in the sea defines the priority of coastal protection and the need to identify as most valuable in ecological terms and the most vulnerable areas. Methodological approaches to the assessing the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to oil spills based on international systems of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and geomorphological zoning are considered in the article. The comprehensive environmental and geomorphological approach allowed us to form the morphodynamic basis for the classification of seacoasts and try to adapt the international system of indexes to the shores of the Kara Sea taking into account the specific natural conditions. This work has improved the expert assessments of the vulnerability and resilience of the seacoasts.

Offshore Oil Spill Incidents: Creating a Database in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Patricia Maggi ◽  
Cláudia do Rosário Vaz Morgado ◽  
João Carlos Nóbrega de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Offshore Oil

ABSTRACT Brazil has performed an important role in the oil and gas industry mainly because its offshore E&P activities. The volume of oil produced in offshore fields had increased 88% in the last decade and correspond to more than 90% of national production. The maritime Exploration and Production (E&P) operations in Brazil started in the middle of the 1970's. In 1981 a law was promulgated to establish a compulsory environmental permit to many activities, including oil and gas exploration and production activities. Although this regulation has existed for over 25 years, only in 1999 was it effectively brought into force to the E&P sector, with the creation of the oil and gas specialized office integrated to the Intituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA (Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency). On January 2000 Brazil faced one its worst oil spills, in Guanabara Bay. A broken pipeline owned and operated by Petrobras spilt 1300 tone of bunker fuel into Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. At that time, Brazil had no clear environmental scenario regarding the oil industry in Brazil: uncoordinated environmental regulations, debilitated environmental agencies and a relapse industry took part in the scenario. As a result of the repercussion of the disaster, in the same year was enacted the Federal Law 9966/2000, the so called “Oil Law”, on the prevention, control and inspection of pollution caused by the releasing of oil and other harmful substances in waters under national jurisdiction. The provisions of the Law 9966 included, among other things, the requirement for the notification to the competent environmental authority, the maritime authority and the oil regulating agency, of any incident which might cause water pollution. Although IBAMA receives the oil spill communications since 2001, only in 2010 the Agency began to include this information in a database. This paper discusses the offshore oil spill data received between 2010 and 2012.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE COASTS OF THE KARA SEA TO THE OIL SPILL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ermolov ◽  
Alexander Ermolov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
International System ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
International Systems

International experience of oil spill response in the sea defines the priority of coastal protection and the need to identify as most valuable in ecological terms and the most vulnerable areas. Methodological approaches to the assessing the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to oil spills based on international systems of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and geomorphological zoning are considered in the article. The comprehensive environmental and geomorphological approach allowed us to form the morphodynamic basis for the classification of seacoasts and try to adapt the international system of indexes to the shores of the Kara Sea taking into account the specific natural conditions. This work has improved the expert assessments of the vulnerability and resilience of the seacoasts.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-Annual Bacterioplankton Community Patterns in a Deepwater Sub-Arctic Region: Persistent High Background Abundance of Putative Oil Degraders

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina G. Angelova ◽  
Barbara Berx ◽  
Eileen Bresnan ◽  
Samantha B. Joye ◽  
Andrew Free ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria naturally degrade and remove petroleum pollutants, yet baselines do not currently exist for these critical microorganisms in many regions where the oil and gas industry is active. Furthermore, understanding how a baseline community changes across the seasons and its potential to respond to an oil spill event are prerequisites for predicting their response to elevated hydrocarbon exposures. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based profiling was used to assess the spatiotemporal variability of baseline bacterioplankton community composition in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC), a deepwater sub-Arctic region where the oil and gas industry has been active for the last 40 years. Over a period of 2 years, we captured the diversity of the bacterioplankton community within distinct water masses (defined by their temperature and salinity) that have a distinct geographic origin (Atlantic or Nordic), depth, and direction of flow. We demonstrate that bacterioplankton communities were significantly different across water samples of contrasting origin and depth. Taxa of known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were observed at higher-than-anticipated abundances in water masses originating in the Nordic Seas, suggesting these organisms are sustained by an unconfirmed source of oil input in that region. In the event of an oil spill, our results suggest that the response of these organisms is severely hindered by the low temperatures and nutrient levels that are typical for the FSC. IMPORTANCE Oil spills at sea are one of the most disastrous anthropogenic pollution events, with the Deepwater Horizon spill providing a testament to how profoundly the health of marine ecosystems and the livelihood of its coastal inhabitants can be severely impacted by spilled oil. The fate of oil in the environment is largely dictated by the presence and activities of natural communities of oil-degrading bacteria. While a significant effort was made to monitor and track the microbial response and degradation of the oil in the water column in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon spill, the lack of baseline data on the microbiology of the Gulf of Mexico confounded scientists’ abilities to provide an accurate assessment of how the system responded relative to prespill conditions. This data gap highlights the need for long-term microbial ocean observatories in regions at high risk of oil spills. Here, we provide the first microbiological baseline established for a subarctic region experiencing high oil and gas industry activity, the northeast Atlantic, but with no apparent oil seepage or spillage. We also explore the presence, relative abundances, and seasonal dynamics of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading communities. These data will advance the development of models to predict the behavior of such organisms in the event of a major oil spill in this region and potentially impact bioremediation strategies by enhancing the activities of these organisms in breaking down the oil.

scholarly journals Environmental sensitivity index for oil spills in colombian rivers (ESI-R): Application for the Magdalena river

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego L. Gil- Agudelo ◽  
Diana Ibarra- Mojica ◽  
Ana María Guevara- Vargas ◽  
Ramón Nieto- Bernal ◽  
Marlon Serrano- Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Riverine Habitats ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Further Development

The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) mapping has been used globally for oil spill planning and response purposes in coastal areas since its development in the 1970s. However, application to riverine habitats has been very limited.  Following US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formats and adapting them in working sessions held by a multidisciplinary team and in special sessions with experts and consultants in Colombia, this paper describes the development and application of the sensitivity index to develop maps for the conditions of the middle Magdalena River in Colombia.  The index developed (ESI-R) is useful for application on other major rivers in Colombia and areas with similar characteristics.  The use of the index to develop maps for smaller rivers and streams is likely to require further development.

scholarly journals Environmental Sensitivity Index Analysis for coastal protection of oil spill in Fakfak, Papua, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Resource Classification ◽  
West Papua

<p>This study was conducted to analysis of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) for anticipating the effect of oil spills on the environment in coastal areas. The study location is the coastal area and waters of the Karas District, Fakfak Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority of areas that are sensitive to oil spills. This method was carried out by scoring each unit of land based on vulnerability, conservation, and social values. ESI Analysis was carried out through geographic information systems and classified into 5 classes of sensitivity levels. The land use classification was carried out through satellite imagery and field surveys conducted in December 2018. The results of resource classification can be divided into 16 classes. The ESI analysis showed that most (51%) were categorized as insensitive, sensitive low 24%, very sensitive 15%, moderately sensitive 6%, and sensitive 4%. Although most are not sensitive, it should be followed by effective environmental protection to maintain sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals GEOMOPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY INDEX FOR OIL SPILLS OF ANAVYSSOS BAY, ATTICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
G. Kourliaftis ◽  
V. Kapsimalis ◽  
D. Vandarakis ◽  
K. Pavlopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Open Sea

The study of the coastal and shallow marine geomorphology of the adjacent bays of Anavyssos and Aghios Nikolaos (southeastern Attica) was carried out by acoustic scanning of the seafloor with an echo sounder and sonar side scan; topographical sections perpendicular to the shoreline, collection and analysis of surface sediments; determination of long-term shoreline displacements by comparing old and modern aerial photographs and satellite imagery. The terrestrial part of the coastal area consists of many landforms, such as lagoons, cliffs, beachrocks, tombola etc. The beaches affected by intense human activity have gentle slopes, low elevations and a coarse-grained texture. The remote sensing analysis showed that, over the last six decades, there are some small shoreline changes of the order of ± 2 meters. The bays have relatively gentle gradients covered by sand in their shallower parts and patches of Posidonia Oceanica towards the open sea. Taken into account the texture of sediments and landforms that make up the terrestrial part of the coasts, four categories (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th) of Environmental Sensitivity Index for oil spill (ESI) have been identified and an ESI map is created serving as a quick reference for oil spill responders and coastal zone managers.

scholarly journals Brazilian Regulation on Oil Spill: The Need of Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Zapelini Possobon ◽  
Rodrigo Cochrane Esteves ◽  
Anna Carolina Silva Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Abstract The Brazilian oil spill response main regulation has been under a major review for the last couple of years. The origins of this regulation date back to the year 2000, when two accidents of great relevance happened: the Guanabara Bay and the Iguaçu River oil spills. These two accidents quickened the promulgation of the first version of this regulation, an adaptation of the USA framework for facilities transferring oil or hazardous material in bulk (33 CFR part 154). The major changes made during this adaptation to the Brazilian laws were: 01) The scope has been expanded to cover not only transferring coastal facilities, like ports and Abstract number oil terminals, but also oil rigs, offshore oil production units, pipelines and refineries. In a later revision other facilities were included: marinas, onshore oil rigs, shipyards and nautical clubs; 02) The response resources could only be provided by the owner of the facility, which has restrained the potential benefits of a shared capability approach like, for example, a specialized response company or association that could support several facilities in a region; In practice, the application of the same ground rule for inland, coastal and offshore facilities resulted in several distortions, like a dominance of the mechanical removal technique over other response techniques. This also resulted in the application of response time requirements designed for oil terminals to offshore facilities, resulting in an oversized dedicated oil spill response fleet. In addition, this rule is inadequate to linear spill sources, like marine pipelines, and inland facilities, like refineries. Finally, because of the aforementioned distortions and also some lack of technical guidance for relevant topics, like coastal protection, oil trajectory forecasting modelling, wildlife response planning, among others, several different interpretations of the national regulation have arrived from different levels of governmental agencies. This not only allowed for distinct requirements over time from a same agency but also created confusion when comparing the response capabilities of similar installations from different regions of Brazil. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the improvements proposed by the Oil and Gas producers to review the Brazilian regulation. It aims at presenting the key elements and references used in the review process and the predicted response structure that could arise in order to improve Brazil's environmental safety after the new regulation is in force.

scholarly journals Sensibilidade ambiental do litoral da Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ) a potenciais desastres causados por derramamento de óleo

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2470
Author(s):  
Érika Cardoso Da Silva Baptista ◽  
André Luiz Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Coutinho Abuchacra ◽  
Ana Beatriz Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Western Sector ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Northern Sector

O presente estudo objetiva compreender o grau de sensibilidade ambiental do litoral da Ilha Grande a potenciais eventos de derramamento de óleo e as consequências destes para os ecossistemas litorâneos. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo voltados para a caracterização morfológica e sedimentar de diversas praias ao redor da ilha e aplicação do Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) a eventos de derramamento de óleo. Foram encontrados os seguintes índices de sensibilidade ambiental à poluição por óleo: ISA 1, atribuído aos costões rochosos no entorno da Ilha Grande; ISA 3, em praias como Lopes Mendes (P3), Santo Antônio e Dois Rios, no setor Meridional-oriental da ilha; ISA 4, para as praias de Freguesia de Santana, Japariz, Amor, Camiranga, Feiticeira, Preta, Abraão, Júlia, Bica, Guaxuma, Abraãozinho, Mangues e Pouso, no setor Setentrional-oriental, praias de Lopes Mendes (P1 e P2) e Caxadaço, setor Meridional-oriental; praias da Parnaioca, Aventureiro, Meros, Provetá, Vermelha e Grande de Araçatiba, no setor Meridional-ocidental; Lagoa Verde e praia de Araçá, no setor Setentrional-ocidental; ISA 5, no tocante às praias Comprida, Crena no setor Setentrional-oriental e Maguariqueçaba no setor Setentrional-ocidental; ISA 10, correspondente às lagoas do Sul e do Leste. O estudo da sensibilidade ambiental aponta para níveis distintos de vulnerabilidade deste litoral a um eventual desastre dessa natureza. A expansão das atividades associadas à extração petrolífera na Bacia de Santos, bem como o tráfego intenso de embarcações na Baía da Ilha Grande, podem causar sérios danos às atividades pesqueiras e turísticas na região, além de comprometer os diversos ecossistemas costeiros e marinhos.  Environmental sensibility of the Ilha Grande coast (Angra dos Reis, RJ) to potential oil spill disasters A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study is to understand the risk and environmental sensitivity of the Ilha Grande coast to oil spill events and their consequences for coastal ecosystems areas. The methodology of this study is based on the fieldwork to characterize the morphology and sediments of some beaches; application of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) to oil spill events on the coast. The beaches analyzed in this study present the following environmental sensitivity indices to pollution caused by oil spill: ISA 1, attributed to the rocky shores around Ilha Grande; ISA 3, in the case of the beaches of Lopes Mendes (P3), Santo Antônio and Dois Rios, all located in the southern-eastern sector of the island; ISA 4, for the beaches of Santana, Japariz, Amor, Camiranga, Feiticeira, Preta, Abraão, Júlia, Bica, Guaxuma, Abraãozinho, Mangues and Pouso (in the eastern sector), beaches of Lopes Mendes (P1 and P2 ) and Caxadaço (Southern-eastern sector), Parnaioca, Aventureiro, Meros, Provetá, Vermelha and Grande de Araçatiba beaches (Southern-western sector), Lagoa Verde and Araçá beach (Northern-Western sector); ISA 5, for the beaches Comprida, Crena (northern-eastern sector) and Maguariqueçaba (northern-western sector); ISA10, corresponding to the lagoons of the South and East. The beaches analyzed in this study have the following environmental sensitivity results to the pollution caused by oil spill: ESI 3, in the case of the beaches of Lopes Mendes, Santo Antônio and Dois Rios, all located in the southern-eastern sector of the island; ESI 4, to the beaches of Freguesia de Santana, Japariz, Preta, Abraão, Júlia, Bica, Crena, Guaxuma, Abraãozinho (in the Eastern-Northern sector), beaches of Mangues and Pouso (sector Southern-eastern), Araçá (northern-western sector); and ESI 5, with regard to Comprida (northern sector). The study of the environmental sensitivity of the Ilha Grande, associated with an oil spill, points to the vulnerability of this coast to an eventual disaster of its nature. The expansion of associative activities with oil extraction in the Santos Basin and the associated risks may cause severe damage to fishing and tourism activities in the region and endanger coastal and marine ecosystems.Keywords: environmental sensibility; pollution; oil spills; Ilha Grande-RJ.

scholarly journals Field Test of U-Champ Biosurfactant in Oil Spill Bioremediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Harry Budiharjo Sulistyarso ◽  
◽  
Joko Pamungkas ◽  
Sri Rahayu Gusmarwani ◽  
Indah Widyaningsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Qualitative Result ◽  
Gas Industry

One of the serious environmental problems of the oil and gas industry is handling oil spills. Oil spills can be managed by using bioremediation in the form of biosurfactants. In this research, biosurfactants called U-Champ were used which can impact in remediation of oil spills. The research conducted was testing the effectiveness of biosurfactants on Cepu Field contaminated soil in reducing TPH and heavy metals. The method is done by stirring the contaminated soil with various concentrations of biosurfactant product in an artificial tank. Based on the test results, a decline in TPH and TCLP along with the increase in U-Champ biosurfactant concentration was used. The addition of 6 Liters of biosurfactant gave the most significant reduction. Some of the heavy metals in the soil decrease, but some also have increased. As an example, it can be seen in Ba metal, the addition of U-Champ biosurfactant as much as 1.5 L (0.3% v / v) resulted in a decrease in TCLP of 11.085%. The qualitative result is evidenced by the growth of various plants in each artificial tank.

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