scholarly journals Monitoring of vector-borne diseases in the west part of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (96) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Levytska ◽  
A. B. Mushinsky
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Candidatus Neoehrlichia Mikurensis ◽  
West Part ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
Neoehrlichia Mikurensis

During recent years, infectious and invasive animal diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and protozoa and transmitted by ticks have been a new problem in medical and veterinary practice. Many of these diseases are zoonoses and lead to the disability and mortality of humans and animals. Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus are species of ticks that are commonly attack animals and humans in Europe. These ticks are spread throughout the EU and are involved in the transmission of a large number of vector-borne diseases. To date, relatively limited data on the circulation of tick-borne diseases and their transmission in western Ukraine are presented. The purpose of this study was to monitor the types of ixodid ticks, as well as to identify pathogens in ticks collected from the environment in urban parks and from dogs and cats. A total of 215 ticks (22 Ixodes ricinus and 193 Dermacentor reticulatus) collected in two regions of Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk were investigated. Pathogens, namely, Rikettsia spp., Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella spp., were detected in 64.0% of the I. ricinus ticks. Overall, 18.2% of I. ricinus ticks were positive for Rikettsia spp., 54.5% for Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, 9.1% for A. phagocytophilum and Bartonella spp. confirmed in 4.5% of the studied ticks. Mixed infestations were found in 5 samples of I. ricinus DNA, representing 22.7%. In addition, 74.6% of D. reticulatus ticks were infested with these pathogens. Overall, 30.0% of D. reticulatus ticks were positive for Rikettsia spp., Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis was confirmed in 54.9%, A. phagocytophilum in 1.6%, and Bartonella spp. in 6.2% of the studied ticks. Mixed infestations were found in 35 D. reticulatus DNA samples, representing 18.1%. The prevalence of Rikettsia spp. in two regions of Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk, among the studied ticks was 28.8%, Bartonella spp. – 6.0%, A. phagocytophilum – 2.3%, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis – 54.9%. Our data indicate the presence of pathogens in urban populations of ticks of I. ricinus and D. reticulatus in west part of Ukraine. Monitoring of tick-borne diseases is an important tool in the prevention and control of infections transmitted to humans and animals.

scholarly journals Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
Sara Epis ◽  
Domenico Otranto
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular maternally transmitted, gram-negative bacterium which forms a spectrum of endosymbiotic relationships from parasitism to obligatory mutualism in a wide range of arthropods and onchocercid nematodes, respectively. In arthropods Wolbachia produces reproductive manipulations such as male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis and cytoplasmic incompatibility for its propagation and provides an additional fitness benefit for the host to protect against pathogens, whilst in onchocercid nematodes, apart from the mutual metabolic dependence, this bacterium is involved in moulting, embryogenesis, growth and survival of the host. Methods This review details the molecular data of Wolbachia and its effect on host biology, immunity, ecology and evolution, reproduction, endosymbiont-based treatment and control strategies exploited for filariasis. Relevant peer-reviewed scientic papers available in various authenticated scientific data bases were considered while writing the review. Conclusions The information presented provides an overview on Wolbachia biology and its use in the control and/or treatment of vectors, onchocercid nematodes and viral diseases of medical and veterinary importance. This offers the development of new approaches for the control of a variety of vector-borne diseases. Graphic Abstract

Molecular Characterization of Some Equine Vector-Borne Pathogens and Identification of Their Vectors in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend H.A.M. Abdullah ◽  
Dina Aboelsoued ◽  
Tarek K Farag ◽  
Kadria N Abdel Megeed ◽  
Sobhy Abdel-Shafy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Background Equine vector borne diseases (EVBD) have been considered emerging and reemerging diseases transmitted by arthropods and most of these diseases have zoonotic concern. This study was designed to screen EVBD in equines and their vectors using molecular analyses and identify vectors by MALDI-TOF and molecular techniques.Methods A total of 335 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy equines (320 from horses and 15 from donkeys) from Cairo and Beni-Suef provinces in Egypt. A total of 166 arthropods (105 sucking flies and 61 ticks) were collected from the same animals. MALDI-TOF and molecular techniques were used to confirm the findings of morphological identification of vector. Quantitative PCR and Standard PCR coupled with sequencing were performed in equines and vectors DNA for screening multiple pathogens.Results MALDI-TOF and molecular techniques confirmed that Hippoposca equina (louse fly), Rhipicephalus annulatus (Rh. annulatus) and Rh. microplus ixodid ticks were found. In vectors, we identified Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale; 1.6%), A. platys-like (1.6%) and a new Ehrlichia sp. (4.9%) in Rh. microplus, while Ehrlichia rustica (E. rustica) was found in Rh. microplus and Rh. annulatus. Likewise, Borrelia theileri was identified in Rh. microplus (3.3%). For H. equina, Anaplasma and Borrelia sp. DNA were detected by qPCR only. In equines, A. marginale (0.6%), A. ovis (0.6%) and Theileria ovis (T. ovis; 0.6%) were found in donkeys. In horses, T. equi (1.2%) and a new Theileria sp. Africa (2.7%) were identified.Conclusions For the first time, we reported here the presence of Rh. microplus as a competent tick for Rh. annulatus in Egypt using MALDI-TOF and molecular identification. To the best of our knowledge, we provided the first detection of different pathogens as A. marginale, A. platys-like, E. rustica, new Ehrlichia sp., B. theileri in Rh. microplus, A. marginale, A. ovis and T. ovis in donkeys and a new Theileria sp. Africa in horses in Egypt.

Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis is widespread in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Ondruš ◽  
Alena Balážová ◽  
Vojtech Baláž ◽  
Kristína Zechmeisterová ◽  
Adam Novobilský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Candidatus Neoehrlichia Mikurensis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Neoehrlichia Mikurensis

scholarly journals Vaccine and Therapeutic Options To Control Chikungunya Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
Integrated Vector Control

SUMMARYBeginning in 2004, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) went from an endemic pathogen limited to Africa and Asia that caused periodic outbreaks to a global pathogen. Given that outbreaks caused by CHIKV have continued and expanded, serious consideration must be given to identifying potential options for vaccines and therapeutics. Currently, there are no licensed products in this realm, and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control, which are only minimally effective. Therefore, it is prudent to urgently examine further possibilities for control. Vaccines have been shown to be highly effective against vector-borne diseases. However, as CHIKV is known to rapidly spread and generate high attack rates, therapeutics would also be highly valuable. Several candidates are currently being developed; this review describes the multiple options under consideration for future development and assesses their relative advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Correction to: Detection of Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Norway up to the northern limit of Ixodes ricinus distribution using a novel real time PCR test targeting the groEL gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jenkins ◽  
Cecilie Raasok ◽  
Benedikte N. Pedersen ◽  
Kristine Jensen ◽  
Åshild Andreassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Groel Gene ◽  
Candidatus Neoehrlichia Mikurensis ◽  
Control Plasmid ◽  
Neoehrlichia Mikurensis ◽  
Pcr Test

After publication of our article [1] it came to our notice that the source of the sequence for the control plasmid, pNeo (Materials and methods: Controls) was incorrectly stated as AB094461. The correct accession number is AB074461. The authors apologize for any confusion this may have caused.

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