scholarly journals The role of frugivorous birds and bats in the colonization of cloud forest plant species in burned areas in western Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
J. Rost ◽  
◽  
E. J. Jardel–Peláez ◽  
J. M. Bas ◽  
P. Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Western Mexico

The extension of montane cloud forests in western Mexico is threatened by several disturbances that limit their extension. In this study we aim to assess the contribution of birds and bats in the dispersal and colonization of cloud–forest plants in contiguous surface–burned pine forests. We sampled seed rain and sapling establishment over one year in two surface–burned sites, which differed in the size of their closest cloud forest patch. A total of 17 plant species were found, most of which were late–successional trees, shrubs and climbers. Distance influenced the seed rain of only one dispersed taxon (Solanum sp.) and had no effect on the sapling distribution of this or other plants. In turn, marked differences were found between sites, with more seeds dispersed and higher sapling density in the site that was next to the larger cloud forest patch. The role of long–distance dispersers and the existence of seed banks before fire could explain the little importance of distance from seed source on seed dispersal and sapling distribution. Nevertheless, dispersal by birds and bats before or after fire facilitates the regeneration and conservation of cloud forests in disturbed areas formerly occupied by other habitats.

Changes in seed rain during secondary succession in a tropical montane cloud forest region in Oaxaca, Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. del Castillo ◽  
M. A. Pérez Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

AbstractSeed dispersal is the first stage of colonization, and potentially affects recruitment. This process deserves more attention in tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF), since secondary succession is common owing to episodic disturbances. We studied annual seed rain in 10 nearby forest stands, ≈7 to ≈100 y following shifting agriculture, and one primary forest stand in southern Mexico to test the hypothesis that seed rain is limited at the scale of neighbouring fragments and that such limitation differs among species with different dispersal modes and successional origin. Annual seed rain was heterogeneous among forest fragments probably due to the prevalence of local seed dispersal, differences in stand age and the proportion of zoochory, and may help explain the patchy distribution of species observed in TMCF. Seed rain abundance and species diversity per unit trap area increased with the age of the stand. Biotically dispersed seeds increased towards older stands relative to abiotically dispersed seeds. Late-successional seeds were rarer in early successional stands than pioneer seeds in late-successional stands, suggesting that long-distance dispersal is generally more common for pioneer plants. Seed dispersal appears to constrain forest regeneration and to influence fragment species composition as a function of the distance from the source forests.

Effect of heat shock on germination of 23 plant species in pine - oak and montane cloud forests in western Mexico

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Zuloaga-Aguilar ◽  
Oscar Briones ◽  
Alma Orozco-Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
In Fire

We determined the effect of heat shock on seed germination of 23 species growing in fire-prone areas covered by pine–oak and montane cloud forests. Seeds of each species were exposed to 60, 80, 100 or 120°C for 5 or 60 min in dry and moist sand. Seeds of nine species were incubated for 15 h in moist sand and exposed to the temperature that best promoted germination. Eighteen species required heat shock for germination, and five tolerated it. Dry heat shock for 5 min promoted germination of these species; heat shock in moist sand at 100°C induced germination of 10 species. Exposure for 60 min to heat shock in dry and moist sand improved germination of 14 and 5 species respectively. Logistic models indicate that germination probabilities of most species are increased by temperatures of 70–120°C. Depending on substrate and seed hydration, heat shock increased or left unchanged the germination of most pine–oak and montane cloud forest species. Thus, montane cloud forest seeds can survive low-intensity surface fires. Most species with seeds hydrated before heat shock showed little or no germination. Prescribed burns at the end of the rainy season may therefore be harmful to pine–oak and montane cloud forest species.

scholarly journals Potential role of frugivorous birds (Passeriformes) on seed dispersal of six plant species a restinga habitat, southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Souza da Mota Gomes ◽  
Maria Célia Rodrigues Correia ◽  
Heloisa Alves de Lima ◽  
Maria Alice S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Frugivorous Birds

scholarly journals Seed inflow to a forest patch promoted by understory frugivorous birds

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Souza da Mota Gomes ◽  
Jorge Yoshio Tamashiro ◽  
Wesley Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Patch Dynamics ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Frugivorous Birds

We studied the contribution of understory frugivorous birds to the seed inflow into a late successional Atlantic forest patch in southeastern Brazil. Five sampling units were established in the study site, each composed of a line of six mist nets and two adjacent plots containing six seed traps. Immigrant seed species were more frequent in seed traps during the rainy season, when fruit production was higher. On the other hand, the frequency of occurrence of immigrant seed species found in fecal samples of the understory frugivores was higher during the dry season. Although understory frugivorous birds were not responsible for the temporal pattern of the seed rain, they can play an important role in bringing edge plant species that will eventually colonize forest gaps, contributing to forest patch dynamics.

Plastic sheets: a new method for collecting faecal samples with seeds dispersed by birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Hernández-Dávila ◽  
J. Galindo-González ◽  
A. A. Castro-Luna ◽  
V. J. Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
New Method ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Forest Remnants

Abstract:For birds, we tested the efficacy of a technique used to obtain faecal samples and their seed content from bats by placing plastic sheets below mist nets. This method was compared with that of collecting faecal samples using cotton bags. Plastic sheets were placed below each of eight mist nets to obtain faecal samples from birds caught in cloud forest remnants. Each bird was then placed separately in a cotton bag to catch any other seeds excreted. There were 84 faecal samples in total: 64 with no seeds and 20 with seeds; of the latter 65% were obtained from the plastic sheets. A total of 407 seeds were collected, 317 from 11 plant species were collected on the plastic sheets and 90 belonging to six plant species in the bags. Seed richness and abundance were significantly greater for samples obtained using the plastic sheets than with the cotton bags. Although the number of bird faecal samples obtained did not differ between methods (13 vs 7), with the plastic sheets the number of faecal samples with seeds increased. Thus, to obtain more representative faecal samples from frugivorous birds, we strongly recommend the use of plastic sheets as part of the technique.

scholarly journals How does the functional diversity of frugivorous birds shape the spatial pattern of seed dispersal? A case study in a relict plant species

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1694) ◽  
pp. 20150280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Lavabre ◽  
Luis J. Gilarranz ◽  
Miguel A. Fortuna ◽  
Jordi Bascompte
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Dispersal Events

Genetic markers used in combination with network analysis can characterize the fine spatial pattern of seed dispersal and assess the differential contribution of dispersers. As a case study, we focus on the seed dispersal service provided by a small guild of frugivorous birds to the common yew, Taxus baccata L., in southern Spain. We build the spatial networks of seed dispersal events between trees and seed-plots within the studied population—local network—and the spatial network that includes all dispersal events—regional network. Such networks are structured in well-defined modules, i.e. groups of tightly connected mother trees and seed-plots. Neither geographical distance, nor microhabitat type explained this modular structure, but when long-distance dispersal events are incorporated in the network it shows a relative increase in overall modularity. Independent field observations suggested the co-occurrence of two complementary groups, short- and long-distance dispersers, mostly contributing to the local and regional seed rain, respectively. The main long-distance disperser at our site, Turdus viscivorus , preferentially visits the most productive trees, thus shaping the seed rain at the landscape scale and affecting the local modular organization. We end by discussing how DNA barcoding could serve to better quantify the role of functional diversity.

The role of long-distance seed dispersal in the local population dynamics of an invasive plant species

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pergl ◽  
Jana Müllerová ◽  
Irena Perglová ◽  
Tomáš Herben ◽  
Petr Pyšek
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Long Distance

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Different Sources

This interdisciplinary volume presents nineteen chapters by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman Empire in the period c.100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the Empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army. The chapters in this volume address facets of the subject on the basis of widely different sources of evidence—historical, papyrological, and archaeological—and are grouped in three sections: institutional factors (taxation, legal structures, market regulation, financial institutions); evidence for long-distance trade within the Empire, in wood, stone, glass, and pottery; and trade beyond the frontiers, with the East (as far as China), India, Arabia, and the Red Sea, and the Sahara. Rome’s external trade with realms to the east emerges as being of particular significance to the fisc. But in the eastern part of the Empire at least, the state appears, in collaboration with the elite holders of wealth, to have adapted the mechanisms of taxation, both direct and indirect, to support its need for revenue. On the other hand, the price of that collaboration, which was in effect a fiscal partnership, in slightly different forms in East and West, in the longer term fundamentally changed the political character of the Empire.

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