scholarly journals Seed inflow to a forest patch promoted by understory frugivorous birds

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Souza da Mota Gomes ◽  
Jorge Yoshio Tamashiro ◽  
Wesley Rodrigues Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Patch Dynamics ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Frugivorous Birds

We studied the contribution of understory frugivorous birds to the seed inflow into a late successional Atlantic forest patch in southeastern Brazil. Five sampling units were established in the study site, each composed of a line of six mist nets and two adjacent plots containing six seed traps. Immigrant seed species were more frequent in seed traps during the rainy season, when fruit production was higher. On the other hand, the frequency of occurrence of immigrant seed species found in fecal samples of the understory frugivores was higher during the dry season. Although understory frugivorous birds were not responsible for the temporal pattern of the seed rain, they can play an important role in bringing edge plant species that will eventually colonize forest gaps, contributing to forest patch dynamics.

scholarly journals The role of frugivorous birds and bats in the colonization of cloud forest plant species in burned areas in western Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
J. Rost ◽  
◽  
E. J. Jardel–Peláez ◽  
J. M. Bas ◽  
P. Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Western Mexico

The extension of montane cloud forests in western Mexico is threatened by several disturbances that limit their extension. In this study we aim to assess the contribution of birds and bats in the dispersal and colonization of cloud–forest plants in contiguous surface–burned pine forests. We sampled seed rain and sapling establishment over one year in two surface–burned sites, which differed in the size of their closest cloud forest patch. A total of 17 plant species were found, most of which were late–successional trees, shrubs and climbers. Distance influenced the seed rain of only one dispersed taxon (Solanum sp.) and had no effect on the sapling distribution of this or other plants. In turn, marked differences were found between sites, with more seeds dispersed and higher sapling density in the site that was next to the larger cloud forest patch. The role of long–distance dispersers and the existence of seed banks before fire could explain the little importance of distance from seed source on seed dispersal and sapling distribution. Nevertheless, dispersal by birds and bats before or after fire facilitates the regeneration and conservation of cloud forests in disturbed areas formerly occupied by other habitats.

scholarly journals Reproductive phenological patterns of cerrado plant species at the Pé-de-Gigante Reserve (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brazil): a comparison between the herbaceous and woody floras

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. BATALHA ◽  
W. MANTOVANI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Paulo State

A natural vegetation area, with 1269 ha, composed mainly by cerrado, located at Santa Rita do Passa Quatro Municipality, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil (21°36-39'S, 47°36-38'W), was studied. From September 1995 to February 1997, a floristic survey was carried out, when all vascular plant species at reproductive stage were collected. The flowering and fruiting patterns of the community were studied, comparing the herbaceous and the woody species. In the herbaceous component, 239 species were found and, in the woody one, 108 species. The woody species flowered mainly at the beginning of the rainy season, while the herbaceous ones produced flowers generally at the end of that season. The proportion of anemo and autochorous species was greater in the herbaceous component. The zoochorous ones, on the contrary, were more frequent in the woody component. At the dry season, when their dispersion is more efficient, the proportion of anemo and autochorous species producing fruits was higher. During the rainy season, when their fruits become attractive for longer time, the zoochorous species fruited more intensely.

The importance of figs for frugivores in a South African coastal forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel Bleher ◽  
Christina J. Potgieter ◽  
David N. Johnson ◽  
Katrin Böhning-Gaese
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Keystone Resource

For many tropical forests a tendency for fruit production to fluctuate seasonally has been established, with pronounced peaks of abundance and periods of fruit scarcity during which a few important resources maintain frugivore communities. However, there is a lack of studies in subtropical forests on community phenology and on the identification of important resources. In this study, community-wide fruit availability and its use by the local frugivore community was investigated in the subtropical coastal dry forest of Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve, South Africa over 13 mo from July 1997 to July 1998. Along 19.5 km of phenology trails, 940 individuals of 96 plant species bearing fleshy fruits were monitored twice per month and fruit-eating animals observed. Although some fruit was available all year round richness of both fruiting species and fruit abundance showed a seasonal pattern with peaks at the end of August to beginning of October (i.e. before the rainy season) and March to May (i.e. after the rainy season). Periods of fruit scarcity were found in July and August (i.e. during the long dry season) and in November and December (i.e. during the rainy season). Fruits of 23 plant species were observed being eaten by 18 species of bird and two of monkey. Highest animal numbers were attracted by Ficus thonningii, a species that fruited asynchronously during most of the year and during periods of fruit scarcity, and provided high overall fruit biomass. The importance of this species as a potential keystone resource for the frugivore community is discussed.

scholarly journals Potential role of frugivorous birds (Passeriformes) on seed dispersal of six plant species a restinga habitat, southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Souza da Mota Gomes ◽  
Maria Célia Rodrigues Correia ◽  
Heloisa Alves de Lima ◽  
Maria Alice S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Frugivorous Birds

scholarly journals What’s the temperature in tropical caves?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0237051
Author(s):  
Luis Mejía-Ortíz ◽  
Mary C. Christman ◽  
Tanja Pipan ◽  
David C. Culver
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Hourly Temperature ◽  
Surface Variation ◽  
One Year

Hourly temperature was measured for approximately one year at 17 stations in three caves in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Thirteen of these stations were in the extensive twilight zones of all three caves. All seventeen stations showed seasonality in temperature with a 3°C drop during the Nortes season. Two of the caves, Muévelo Sabrosito and Muévelo Rico, showed greater variability during the winter months while in Río Secreto (Tuch) variability was greatest during the rainy season. Río Secreto is less open to the surface than the other two. All sites also showed a daily temperature cycle, although it was very faint in some Río Secreto (Tuch) sites. While temperature variability is diminished relative to surface variation, its temporal pattern is worthy of further study.

scholarly journals What’s the Temperature in Tropical Caves?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Mejía-Ortíz ◽  
Mary C Christman ◽  
Tanja Pipan ◽  
David C Culver
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Hourly Temperature ◽  
Surface Variation ◽  
One Year

AbstractHourly temperature was measured for approximately one year at 17 stations in three caves in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Thirteen of these stations were in the extensive twilight zones of all three caves. All seventeen stations showed seasonality in temperature with a 3 °C drop during the Nortes season. Two of the caves, Muévelo Sabrosito and Muévelo Rico, showed greater variability during the winter months while in Rio Secreto variability was greatest during the rainy season. Río Secreto is less open to the surface than the other two. All sites also showed a daily temperature cycle, although it was very faint in some Rio Secreto sites. While temperature variability is diminished relative to surface variation, its temporal pattern is worthy of further study.

Reproductive phenology of Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) along a gradient in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Castro ◽  
M. Galetti ◽  
L. P. C. Morellato
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Lowland Forests

The palm Euterpe edulis Mart. is one of the dominant tree species in the Atlantic rainforest and considered a key resource for many frugivorous birds. We compared the reproductive phenology of E. edulis in three types of Atlantic rainforest (two lowland forests, restinga and coastal-plain, and a premontane forest) on Cardoso Island (Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil), aiming to answer the following questions: (i) whether the reproduction of E. edulis is annual and seasonal across the years in the three forest types studied; (ii) what are the environmental factors influencing the reproductive phenology of E. edulis; and (iii) how does the timing of fruiting and fruit production of E. edulis vary among the three forest types? We evaluated the presence of flowers and fruits (immature, unripe and ripe) from August 2001 to July 2004 in 150 individuals (50 per forest), and estimated the number of infructescences with ripe fruits and the production of fruits and seeds by collecting them on the forest floor in the three forest types. Flowering and fruiting of E. edulis were annual and significantly seasonal in the three forest types, with a high synchrony of flowering and medium to low synchrony of fruiting. Flowering peaked in November and December, and immature and unripe fruits peaked in January and March, all during the rainy season. Immature and unripe fruit phases were correlated with the daylength, precipitation and temperature, important factors for fruits development. Ripe fruits peaked in April and May, in the less rainy season, with significant differences in the mean dates among forests. The number of infructescences with ripe fruits and the biomass of fruits and seeds collected on the ground also differed significantly among the forest types, being greater in the restinga and coastal-plain forests, respectively. Differences in productivity were related to palm density in each area and the soil fertility. The complementary fruiting pattern of E. edulis in the forests studied may affect the distribution and abundance of certain frugivorous bird species that feed on their fruits.

TEM studies of tweed microstructures in annealed amelia albite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1065
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
D. M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Systematic Trend ◽  
Tweed Structure

Natural Amelia albite (Ab99.3An0.1Or0.6) annealed at 1073° and 924°C for various periods up to 140 days has been studied by NMR. TEM studies of the same sample revealed a distinct tweed microstructure in some samples annealed at both 1073°C and 924°C. On the whole, the quasi-regular tweed has a periodicity of 100 - 200 Å in both directions, one nearly normal to b* and the other approximately parallel to b*, which gives rise to two-directional streaking in SADP’s (Fig. 1 and 2). However, there are some differences in the tweed structure developed on annealing at 1073°C and at 924°C in albite.Albite samples annealed at 1073° show a systematic trend in their development of tweed structures: the regularity, periodicity, and frequency of occurrence increase with annealing time during the first 3 days, and then decrease gradually until no tweed microstructures are seen in samples annealed for more than 15 days. The tweed structure proceeds locally to form one-directional twin-like microstructures.

scholarly journals Macrophytes of the lowland wetlands in Morang district, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Koirala ◽  
Sasinath Jha
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Rural People

In total, 149 species of macrophytes (angiosperms 138, pteridophytes 7, bryophytes 2, algae 2) were recorded among which 117 species were emergent, 12 floating-leafed, 14 submerged and 6 free-floating on the basis of life form. In general, 68% species had flowering-fruiting during the rainy season, 17% in winter and 15% in the summer season. Many of the plant species were observed to play important role in meeting day to day requirements of the rural people. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7480 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 131-139 (2011)

scholarly journals Salinity and freshwater discharge determine rotifer distribution at the Mossoró River Estuary (Semiarid Region of Brazil)

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMA. Medeiros ◽  
JEL. Barbosa ◽  
PR. Medeiros ◽  
RM. Rocha ◽  
LF. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Inverse Estuary ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The present study aimed at evaluating differences in rotifer distribution in three estuarine zones in an inverse estuary located in the Semiarid Region of Brazil. Zones were chosen based on their proximity to the ocean and river border as a means of reflecting a horizontal salinity gradient. High freshwater discharge during the rainy season was the major determinant of rotifer composition. On the other hand, due to higher salinity values during the dry season, very low values of species richness and abundance were observed in all zones. Therefore, the study highlights the constraints of salinity and the positive influence of seasonality and river proximity on rotifer species in a semiarid estuarine environment.

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