scholarly journals Cytomorphological changes of a cat’s cadaver’s parenchymal organs in the early postmortem period in the forensic veterinary examination aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
R. H. Kazantsev ◽  
I. V. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Early Postmortem ◽  
Age Of Death

The cytomorphological changes of a cat’s cadaver’s parenchymal organs in the early postmortem period in the aspect of forensic veterinary examination are established in the work. The aim of the work is to clarify the processes of necrobiosis at the cellular level under aerobic environment in the first day after the death of the animal as a cytomorphological criterion in terms of forensic veterinary examination in deciding the age of death in the early postmortem period. It is proved that the most dynamic cytomorphological changes are found in the spleen and pancreas tissue; cytoarchitectonics of liver, lung and heart tissue changes less intensively. Intense cytomorphological changes in kidney tissue and brain were not observed. It was found that parenchymal organs samples cytological research after the first day of the postmortem period to determine the cells histological topography is impossible. It was found that the cytoarchitectonics dynamics of kidney and brain tissue is uninformative to solve the problems of forensic veterinary examination, but the necrobiosis of liver, lung and heart cells is moderately informative. High informativeness of cytomorphological picture change in spleen and pancreas tissue has been established, as the intensity of cytomorphological changes dynamics and their informativeness to solve the question of the age of death are directly correlated. It is recommended to use the cytological rapid method as an additional in the practice of forensic veterinary examination to address the issue of animal death age in terms of its non-obviousness before the appearance of late cadaveric phenomena.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tissue Changes in the Hearts of Rats Infected with Toxoplasma Gondi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Hamed Najjare-Aghdam ◽  
Arash Khaki ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Tissue Changes

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects humans and animals. Obligate intracellular parasites enter many organs and tissues through the bloodstream, where they invade and proliferate into cells, eventually destroying them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of cardiac tissue changes in rats infected with T. gondii. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were allocated to three groups as follows: control group (n=10), T1 group that received 0.3 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10), and T2 group that received 0.6 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite (IP) (n=10). However, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily (IP). Animals were kept in standard condition. Forty days after inducing toxoplasmosis, heart tissues of rat in all groups were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations of heart tissue under optical microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin staining and calculation of heart tissue weight. Results: Heart tissue weight significantly decreased in groups that received 0.3 and 0.6 mL of T. gondii tachyzoite in comparison to control groups. In histopathological studies of heart tissue under optical microscopy, atrophy and necrosis were observed in heart tissues in T. gondii groups. Conclusion: Since this parasite caused necrosis of heart cells in rats in our study, it is suggested that in preventing T. gondii infection, health measures should be taken to promote human and animal health.

Abstract 1855: Transmural Myocardial Repair with Engineered Heart Tissue Grafts

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Biermann ◽  
Michael Didié ◽  
Bijoy Chandapillai Karikkineth ◽  
Claudia Lange ◽  
Thomas Eschenhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Engineered Heart Tissue ◽  
Tissue Grafts

Engineered Heart Tissue (EHT) can be utilized to partially repair infarcted myocardium in rats. Here, we investigated the feasibility of EHT-grafts as transmural wall replacement in a heterotopic transplantation model. Methods: EHTs (diameter: 15 mm, thickness: 1– 4 mm) were generated from 12.5 ×10 6 neonatal rat heart cells, collagen type I, and matrigel. Similarly, non-contractile constructs were generated from rat cardiac fibroblasts (FB) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Grafts were surgically inserted into large transmural defects (diameter: 6 mm) in the left ventricle of explanted donor hearts. Subsequently, “treated” hearts were transplanted into weight-matched (308±12 g; n=14), immune suppressed (cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone) Wistar rats in heterotopic position. All transmural defects were also covered with an aortic patch to prevent bleeding from the ventricles. Sham surgeries included aortic patch implantations only. Heterotopic hearts were harvested after 28 days and subjected to morphological analyses by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results: Heart transplant weight at the time of implantation was 1.1±0.02 g (n=14). Heterotopic heart weight increased substantially in Sham (2.4±0.3 g, n=3) and FB-graft (2.1±0.1 g, n=3) animals, whereas MSC- (1.7±0.2 g, n=4) and EHT-graft (1.3±0.1 g, n=4; p<0.05 vs. Sham) animals showed a smaller or no increase in weight, respectively. EHT grafts remained contractile throughout the observation period. CLSM revealed that EHT-grafts established oriented muscle bundles (actin and actinin staining) inside the transmural defects and were strongly vascularized (CD31 and smooth muscle actin staining; lectin labeling) leading to partial reconstitution of the myocardial continuity. This was not observed in animals with FB- and MSC-grafts. However, MSC-grafts, but not FB-grafts, contained newly formed vessels with a markedly larger diameter than observed in EHT-grafts (21±6 vs. 5±0.7 μm; p<0.05). Conclusion: EHTs can be utilized as myocardial tissue grafts to reconstruct and prevent pathological enlargement of the left ventricle. This study constitutes a first step to establish a novel transmural myocardial repair technology involving fully bioengineered heart muscle.

Hormonal regulation of protein phosphorylation in isolated rat heart cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. C439-C449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Blackshear ◽  
R. A. Nemenoff ◽  
J. V. Bonventre ◽  
J. Y. Cheung ◽  
J. Avruch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Isolated Rat Heart ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Rat Heart Cells ◽  
Isolated Rat

We used a recently developed preparation of calcium-tolerant isolated rat cardiac ventricular cells to investigate certain aspects of hormone-mediated protein phosphorylation in heart tissue. Isoproterenol or dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) promoted the phosphorylation of at least 13 proteins and promoted the dephosphorylation of a single protein of relative molecular weight (Mr) 21,000, whose phosphorylation appeared to be stimulated by insulin. The isoproterenol-induced protein phosphorylations reached maximum levels for most proteins within 5 min at slightly different rates. However, when excess propranolol was added to the cells after exposure to isoproterenol, there appeared to be two major patterns of dephosphorylation: proteins that remained fully phosphorylated after propranolol addition, exemplified by proteins tentatively identified as troponin I and C-protein, and proteins that were rapidly dephosphorylated after propranolol, exemplified by phospholamban, the modulator of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-dependent ATPase. The Mr 21,000 protein was rapidly dephosphorylated in response to isoproterenol and was rephosphorylated after addition of propranolol. This protein remains unidentified; it is not the Mr 19,000 myosin light chain whose phosphorylation state was unaffected by isoproterenol. This preparation of isolated heart cells provides a convenient way to investigate the biochemical effects resulting from exposure of the heart to hormones and can separate direct hormonal effects from those resulting from changes in contractility or heart rate.

Microprobe analysis of Tc-MIBI in heart cells: calculation of mitochondrial membrane potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (1) ◽  
pp. C178-C187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Backus ◽  
D. Piwnica-Worms ◽  
D. Hockett ◽  
J. Kronauge ◽  
M. Lieberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Transmembrane Potentials ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
99Mtc Mibi

Hexakis (2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) technetium-99m (99mTc-MIBI) is a gamma-emitting radiopharmaceutical probe currently in clinical use to evaluate myocardial perfusion. Biochemical and cellular pharmacological studies have suggested that Tc-MIBI, a lipophilic cation, is sequestered in mitochondria in response to transmembrane potentials. To assess directly the subcellular distribution of the probe in heart tissue, cultured chick heart cells were analyzed by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) following equilibration in micromolar concentrations of carrier-added 99Tc-MIBI, the ground-state radiopharmaceutical. Quantitation of the physiological elements Na, Ca, Mg, K, S, P, and Cl was correlated with exposure to increasing concentrations of 99Tc-MIBI. EPXMA signals indicated that 99Tc-MIBI was concentrated up to 1,000 times into mitochondria in a dose-dependent fashion based on measured Tc content in the mitochondria. Inner membrane potential (delta psi) of individual mitochondria was calculated as -117 mV using the Nernst equation. Concentrations of 99Tc-MIBI > 36 microM caused a significant efflux of K and Mg from the cell, as well as an increase in Cl in the mitochondria. Comparison of cell ultrastructure with conventional electron microscopy at extracellular 99Tc-MIBI concentrations of 36-72 microM showed no changes compared with control. 99Tc-MIBI allows valuable in situ investigation of cellular bioenergetics with EPXMA by quantitation of delta psi.

Cardiomyocyte culture — an update on the in vitro cardiovascular model and future challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 985-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreejit Parameswaran ◽  
Sujeet Kumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma ◽  
Rajendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The success of any work with isolated cardiomyocytes depends on the reproducibility of cell isolation, because the cells do not divide. To date, there is no suitable in vitro model to study human adult cardiac cell biology. Although embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro, the efficiency of this process is low. Isolation and expansion of human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells from cardiac surgical waste or, alternatively, from fetal heart tissue is another option. However, to overcome various issues related to human tissue usage, especially ethical concerns, researchers use large- and small-animal models to study cardiac pathophysiology. A simple model to study the changes at the cellular level is cultures of cardiomyocytes. Although primary murine cardiomyocyte cultures have their own advantages and drawbacks, alternative strategies have been developed in the last two decades to minimise animal usage and interspecies differences. This review discusses the use of freshly isolated murine cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte alternatives for use in cardiac disease models and other related studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Quercetin and Intermittent and Continuous Exercise on Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, and Malondialdehyde in the Heart of Rats with Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Talaei ◽  
Mohammad Panji ◽  
Fatemeh Nazari Robati ◽  
Sajjad Tezerji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and the second most common cancer in Europe. About 8% of all cancer-related deaths occur due to colorectal cancer, and the highest prevalence has been reported in Asia and Eastern Europe. Methods: In this experimental study, 80 rats were divided into two groups of cases (n=70) and controls (n=10). Colorectal cancer was induced weekly in rats by subcutaneous injection of 15 mg/kg Azoxymethane. The rats were then divided into 7 experimental subgroups of patients, saline, quercetin, intermittent exercise, continuous exercise, quercetin plus intermittent, and quercetin plus continuous exercise. Oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the rats’ heart tissue by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS software. Results: Oxidative stress in heart cells increased due to colorectal cancer. Quercetin alone or in combination with exercise significantly increased mean levels of CAT and SOD in the heart tissue of rats compared with patient and saline groups (P<0.0001). In contrast, the MDA level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Colorectal cancer increased the oxidative stress in cardiac cells. Quercetin alone improved oxidative stress in cardiac tissue, and its combination with exercise was more effective.

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