ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF USING THE OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT) IN THE OPERATION OF INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

New attacks and methods seen today indicate an emerging trend and dependency on reverse-engineered technology that was used in the past by espionage and intelligence agencies and their tactics as well as use of modern technology to obtain information and data that is turned into usable intelligence. One of the many disturbing consequences of this is that we are faced with attackers that are versed in stealth, deception, planting false information, and increased training in newer attack technologies that classical tools can no longer reliably find. In addition, advanced attack and deception skills now use OSINT (open source intelligence) data collection tactics that have moved entire attack chains into the espionage and surveillance realm.

Download Full-text

Intelligence Sources in the Process of Collection of Information by the U.S. Intelligence Community

Security Dimensions ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.0988 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (32) ◽

pp. 82-105

Author(s):

Mariusz Antoni Kamiński

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Community Research ◽

Intelligence Community ◽

Human Intelligence ◽

Open Source Intelligence ◽

Intelligence Agencies ◽

Research Findings ◽

Many Sources ◽

The U.S ◽

Signals Intelligence

Every day, U.S. intelligence agencies gather huge amounts of information from a variety of sources. Collection of information is an essential part of the process described as Intelligence Cycle. The purpose of this article is to identify the essence and nature of intelligence sources and to analyze their practical use by the agencies and departments that make up the U.S. Intelligence Community. The author characterizes the main types of intelligence sources – Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), and Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) – and indicates which U.S. intelligence agencies are responsible for their use. Moreover, the author presents the problems with the use of intelligence sources that occur in the work of the U.S. Intelligence Community. Research findings indicate that the best results of intelligence work can be achieved with the use of “all-source intelligence” (also referred to as fusion intelligence), which involves using as many sources as possible to prepare a final intelligence product.

Download Full-text

Open Source Intelligence

Risk, Fraud & Compliance ◽

10.37307/j.1867-8394.2016.02.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Axel Brückmann

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Open Source Intelligence

Download Full-text

Academic Technology Transfer in Poland-30 Years of Growth

Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.2174/2213809907999200330163923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Krystian Gurba

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Private Sector ◽

Institutional Environment ◽

Innovation System ◽

Legal Framework ◽

European Countries ◽

Support Programs ◽

Significant Delay ◽

Academic Technology ◽

The Status

Organizations managing technology transfer from universities to the private sector, although born in Poland with a significant delay compared to Western European countries, are currently important actors in the Polish innovation system. The article summarizes the process of shaping the role and models of the functioning of these organizations. It discusses the status and functions of technology transfer centers and the institutional environment of academic technology transfer in Poland: legal framework, support programs, and partner organizations. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of cooperation networks in technology transfer and draws attention to specific initiatives focused on technology transfer in the biotechnology and pharmacy sectors.

Download Full-text

The Developmental Consequences for Asylum-seeking Children Living With the Prospect for Five Years or More of Enforced Return to Their Home Country

European Journal of Migration and Law ◽

10.1163/157181609x410584 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 41-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M.E. Kalverboer ◽

A.E. Zijlstra ◽

E.J. Knorth

Keyword(s):

Home Country ◽

Children's Rights ◽

Legal Framework ◽

European Countries ◽

Children’S Rights ◽

Positive Development ◽

Member States ◽

Developmental Risks ◽

Western European ◽

Legal Procedures

This study examines the European legal framework and policy on children’s rights and on the development and developmental risks of children from asylum-seeking families who have lived in asylum centres for over five years with the prospect of being forced to return to their home country. The legal procedures and practices of Member States in the Western European countries seem to be far too lengthy, and the standards for reception far too low to protect the children’s positive development.

Download Full-text