scholarly journals In vitro conservation of Vanilla planifolia hybrids in minimal growth conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfino Reyes Lopez ◽  
Enrique Hernández Leal ◽  
Carlos Roman Castillo Martínez ◽  
Carlos Hugo Avendaño Arrazate ◽  
Tarsicio Corona Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Differential Behavior ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Different Origin

Objective: To maintain minimal growth in in vitro Vanilla planifolia hybrids. Design/Methodology/Approach: Explants of seven interspecific hybrids of V. planifolia with different origin parents were used. The treatments consisted of different doses of mannitol and sucrose in the culture medium which varied from 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g L-1.The number of nodes, shoots and roots was recorded every 30 d for six months. Results: 30 g L-1 mannitol and no sucrose in the culture medium allowed minimal growth in most of the hybrids. The higher the mannitol and lower the sucrose content, the length, number of between nodes, shoots and roots of the explants was lower (P?0.05). Limitations of the study/implications: There is a differential behavior between the biological material and the used culture medium, particularly in hybrids, due to their new genetic combinations. Therefore, for their conservation, the culture medium components must be adjusted. Conclusions: 30 g L-1 mannitol without sucrose in in vitro culture medium significantly reduces growth during 180 d in vanilla hybrids.

In vitro storage ofXanthosoma spp. under minimal growth conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Zandvoort ◽  
M. J. H. Hulshof ◽  
G. Staritsky
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
In Vitro Storage

scholarly journals Short-term storage in vitro and large-scale propagation of grapevine genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael de Carvalho Silva ◽  
Zanderluce Gomes Luis ◽  
Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The objective of this work was to evaluate the large-scale propagation of grapevine genotypes after short-term storage in vitro. Microshoots from ten grapevine genotypes were used. The following storage temperatures were evaluated: 10, 20, and 25°C. After short-term storage, the shoots were propagated in up to five successive subcultures, to assess the large-scale propagation of the germplasm maintained under conditions of minimal growth. The propagated shoots were rooted in different concentrations of indolbutiric acid (IBA) and acclimatized in greenhouse. The best temperature for short-term storage in vitro and survival of the genotypes was 20°C. In the propagation phase, the highest number of shoots per explant was found in the subcultures 4 and 5, with averages of 4.9 and 4.8 shoots per explant, respectively. In the rooting phase, the best results for number of roots were obtained using a culture medium supplemented with 0.4 µmol L-1 of IBA, with an average of three roots per shoot. During the acclimation phase, a survival rate higher than 95% was achieved after 30 days in the greenhouse. Grapevine genotypes maintained for six months in vitro, at 20ºC, can be micropropagated in large scale.

scholarly journals Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract effect on morphology and cellulolytic ability of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e4079119913
Author(s):  
Thiago Anchieta de Melo ◽  
Ilka Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Serra ◽  
Ingrid Tayane Vieira da Silva do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Different Doses

This work aimed to verify the effect in vitro, of Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) seaweed extract on the morphology and cellulolytic capacity of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV). Thus, the fungus was placed in contact with different doses of the extract, being these: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0%. It was verified that the product, with increasing doses, progressively induced mycelial growth of the fungus, as measured by the diameter of the colonies and fresh mass of mycelium grown in PD (potato-dextrose) culture medium. This result was also corroborated by the progressive increase in the activity of the β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzymes required during the hypha elongation process. However, the AN extract progressively reduced FOV sporulation with increasing doses. Furthermore, the cellulolytic capacity of the phytopathogen was significantly reduced in the presence of the algae extract, which was measured by the activity of the enzymes endo-β-1,4-glucanase, exo-β-1,4-glucanase and β-glucosidase. Thus, these facts constitute important information for the management of fusariosis, since the inhibition of sporulation and decreasing degradation capacity of the cellulose by the pathogen, can translate into declined disease in compatible host-pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Overview of in vitro Preservation of Potato and Use of the Gene Bank Material in Estonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viive Rosenberg ◽  
Jaanika Edesi ◽  
Ketlin Liiv ◽  
Katrin Kotkas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Land Races ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
In Vitro Preservation

At EVIKA, we have been preserving potato varieties, breeding lines and land-races in vitro as meristem plants for more than 30 years. Various experiments have been conducted to determine the effects of medium components, growth conditions and other factors on regeneration and the sub-culturing interval of in vitro plants. Based on these experiments, the optimal preservation medium and long-term preservation conditions in vitro for many varieties have been developed. Every 3.0-3.5 months, the potato plants regenerated from meristems are transferred onto growth-regulator-free propagation medium. At present, there are 454 potato varieties, breeding materials, land-races and 1026 meristem clones in our gene bank. The interest in varieties as genetic resources and in those with coloured flesh tubers is increasing. In EVIKA’s test field we have been testing meristem clones of variety ‘Blue Congo’. We have demonstrated the use of that variety for making salads; baked, boiled, mashed potato and even for French fries. In addition, the use of the genetic resources was started in a farm, where. 2000 kg seed tubers were produced from 4580 meristem plants of variety ‘Väike verev’ in 2012. The main interests are: dark yellow flesh, content of antioxidants and use as a source for functional diet.

Effect of serotonin on basal and TRH-induced release of prolactin from rat pituitary glands in vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta E. Apfelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Basal Release ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract. The effect of serotonin on the release of prolactin (PRL) was studied in vitro. Anterior hemipituitary glands from ovariectomized rats were incubated for 1 h in the presence of different doses of serotonin. Serotonin added into the culture medium caused a significant increase in basal PRL release. The effect was dose-related between 10 and 30 nmol/l serotonin, but responsiveness declined towards basal levels with higher concentrations. When studied as a function of incubation time, basal release of PRL was significantly increased up to 1 h but decreased thereafter. Serotonin also enhanced the release of prolactin induced by 30 nmol/l thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), at all doses tested. A serotonin concentration of as little as 30 nmol/l was already effective. A significant response was seen at 15 min and further increases occurred during the following incubation periods. Serotonin (approximately EC50 4.6 × 10−8 mol/l) was less potent than TRH (EC50 about 1.2 × 10−8 mol/l) to increase basal PRL release. On the other hand, the indole amine appeared to act with similar potency in stimulating PRL release both basal and TRH-induced. In addition, the combined effect of the releasing agents was found to be additive. These results suggest that serotonin and TRH could act through separate mechanisms. Methysergide, a serotoninergic blocking agent, had no effect on the in vitro PRL release either basal or TRH-induced, but it completely blocked that evoked by serotonin suggesting that serotonin may interact with specific receptors on the lactotropes. These findings clearly demonstrate that serotonin may stimulate the release of PRL by acting directly at the pituitary gland level.

scholarly journals In vitro maintenance, under slow-growth conditions, of oil palm germplasm obtained by embryo rescue

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julcéia Camillo ◽  
Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Maintenance

The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro maintenance of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis and E. oleifera) accessions under slow-growth conditions. Plants produced by embryo rescue were subject to 1/2MS culture medium supplemented with the carbohydrates sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol at 1, 2, and 3% under 20 and 25±2ºC. After 12 months, the temperature of 20°C reduced plant growth. Sucrose is the most appropriate carbohydrate for maintaining the quality of the plants, whereas mannitol and sorbitol result in a reduced plant survival.

scholarly journals Human GnRH-secreting cultured neurons express activin betaA subunit mRNA and secrete dimeric activin A

2000 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Florio ◽  
GB Vannelli ◽  
S Luisi ◽  
T Barni ◽  
R Zonefrati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Different Doses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of activin betaA-subunit mRNA and the secretion of activin A in/from cultured GnRH-secreting neuronal cells cloned from human olfactory epithelium (FNC-B4), which showed biochemical and antigenic properties of GnRH-secreting neurons. DESIGN: FNC-B4 cells were cultured in basal and conditioned media. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTR-PCR) evaluated the expression of activin betaA-subunit mRNA. By using a specific ELISA, dimeric activin A concentrations were measured in culture media, in the absence or presence of carvone or forskolin and with different doses of progesterone, GnRH, and estradiol. RESULTS: RT-PCR experiments performed on total RNA isolated from FNC-B4 cells, using specific primers for the activin betaA gene, showed a 787bp DNA band corresponding to the betaA gene. FNC-B4 cells secreted activin A, and the highest accumulation in conditioned medium was achieved after 3h culture: the addition of forskolin, but not of carvone, was able to stimulate the release of activin A from cultured neuronal cells (P<0.01). When progesterone or GnRH was added, a significant accumulation of activin A was observed (P<0.01), while estradiol administration did not significantly affect activin A secretion. CONCLUSION: To date, this is the only study, in an in vitro human model reporting, that GnRH-secreting neuronal cells expressed activin betaA-subunit mRNA, and released dimeric activin A in culture medium. The expression and secretion of activin suggests that in these cells activin A might exert its action by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.

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