scholarly journals Overview of in vitro Preservation of Potato and Use of the Gene Bank Material in Estonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viive Rosenberg ◽  
Jaanika Edesi ◽  
Ketlin Liiv ◽  
Katrin Kotkas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Land Races ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
In Vitro Preservation

At EVIKA, we have been preserving potato varieties, breeding lines and land-races in vitro as meristem plants for more than 30 years. Various experiments have been conducted to determine the effects of medium components, growth conditions and other factors on regeneration and the sub-culturing interval of in vitro plants. Based on these experiments, the optimal preservation medium and long-term preservation conditions in vitro for many varieties have been developed. Every 3.0-3.5 months, the potato plants regenerated from meristems are transferred onto growth-regulator-free propagation medium. At present, there are 454 potato varieties, breeding materials, land-races and 1026 meristem clones in our gene bank. The interest in varieties as genetic resources and in those with coloured flesh tubers is increasing. In EVIKA’s test field we have been testing meristem clones of variety ‘Blue Congo’. We have demonstrated the use of that variety for making salads; baked, boiled, mashed potato and even for French fries. In addition, the use of the genetic resources was started in a farm, where. 2000 kg seed tubers were produced from 4580 meristem plants of variety ‘Väike verev’ in 2012. The main interests are: dark yellow flesh, content of antioxidants and use as a source for functional diet.

INVESTIGATION AND USE OF THE LITHUANIAN FLAX GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE BREEDING PROGRAMS

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Bacelis ◽  
Zofija Jankauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Agronomical Characters

The profusion, diversity and value of genetic resources significantly contribute to the success of flax breeding. Of special value are genotypes of local origin, highly adapted to the local climatic and soil conditions. Storage of genetic resources in Lithuania was started in 1994-1995. During the period 1995-1997 25 flax varieties and local accessions were studied at the Upytė Research Station of LIA. In 1998-2000 we tested 21 varieties and breeding lines, in 2001-2002 18 accessions, in 2003-2004 12 accessions. The best genotypes were included in flax breeding programs. About 50 genotypes have been transferred to the Gene Bank of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture after assessment for biological-agronomical characters following UPOV descriptors.

scholarly journals In vitro conservation of Vanilla planifolia hybrids in minimal growth conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfino Reyes Lopez ◽  
Enrique Hernández Leal ◽  
Carlos Roman Castillo Martínez ◽  
Carlos Hugo Avendaño Arrazate ◽  
Tarsicio Corona Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Differential Behavior ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Different Origin

Objective: To maintain minimal growth in in vitro Vanilla planifolia hybrids. Design/Methodology/Approach: Explants of seven interspecific hybrids of V. planifolia with different origin parents were used. The treatments consisted of different doses of mannitol and sucrose in the culture medium which varied from 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g L-1.The number of nodes, shoots and roots was recorded every 30 d for six months. Results: 30 g L-1 mannitol and no sucrose in the culture medium allowed minimal growth in most of the hybrids. The higher the mannitol and lower the sucrose content, the length, number of between nodes, shoots and roots of the explants was lower (P?0.05). Limitations of the study/implications: There is a differential behavior between the biological material and the used culture medium, particularly in hybrids, due to their new genetic combinations. Therefore, for their conservation, the culture medium components must be adjusted. Conclusions: 30 g L-1 mannitol without sucrose in in vitro culture medium significantly reduces growth during 180 d in vanilla hybrids.

Assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness in the Latvian potato genetic resources collection by DArT genotyping

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Rungis ◽  
A. Voronova ◽  
A. Kokina ◽  
I. Veinberga ◽  
I. Skrabule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Resource Collection ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Potato Breeding Programme

Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) has been cultivated in Latvia since the 17th century, and formal breeding programmes have been established since the start of the 20th century. The Latvian potato genetic resource collection consists of 83 accessions of Latvian origin, including landraces, old cultivars released starting from the 1930's, modern cultivars and breeding material. These are maintained in field andin vitrocollections. Pedigree information about the potato cultivars is often limited, and the use of hybrids of local cultivars as parents is common in the Latvian potato breeding programme. Ninety-four Latvian potato varieties and breeding lines and some commonly used foreign accessions were genotyped with the potato DNA diversity array technology. Analysis of the Latvian potato genetic resources collection revealed that the amount of genetic diversity has increased in the modern cultivars in comparison with the old cultivars.

Current situation with the core collection of spring triticale of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S.V. Chernobai ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
T.B. Kapustina ◽  
V.S. Melnyk ◽  
O.E. Shchechenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Spring Triticale

Goal. To build up a spring triticale genetic bank to provide breeding, scientific and educational institutions with initial material and to preserve the existing diversity. To update the database of accessions with a set of valuable economic and morphological features. Results and discussion. The methodology and results of the collection formation and evaluation of spring triticale accessions in the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine of Plant Production Institute nd. a V. Ya. Yuriev are presented. The formed collection includes 1,935 accessions from 27 countries: 42 varieties and 1,478 breeding lines from Ukraine, 92 varieties and 248 lines from foreign countries and also 75 genetic lines. The collection was formed by major valuable economic features (plant height, growing season length, spike threshing, yield, 1000-grain weight, disease resistance, technological properties, etc.). Accessions with the majority of morpho-biological and valuable economic features were selected. All the accessions in the collection are certificated. 1,762 accessions were packed for storage into the National Depository; 1,507 of them were packed for long-term storage. Conclusions. The gene pool of spring triticale from the collection of the Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine is widely used for breeding. This allows conducting hybridization of genetically and ecologically remote forms with various expressions of features and obtaining whole new breeding material. Involvement of collection accessions in breeding allows generating new genetic sources of valuable economic features.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 483a-483
Author(s):  
Roy N. Keys ◽  
Dennis T. Ray ◽  
David A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Desert Southwest ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nutritional Quality Traits of a Common Bean Germplasm Collection

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Ester Murube ◽  
Romina Beleggia ◽  
Deborah Pacetti ◽  
Ancuta Nartea ◽  
Giulia Frascarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Food Legumes

Food legumes are at the crossroads of many societal challenges that involve agriculture, such as climate change and food sustainability and security. In this context, pulses have a crucial role in the development of plant-based diets, as they represent a very good source of nutritional components and improve soil fertility, such as by nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with rhizobia. The main contribution to promotion of food legumes in agroecosystems will come from plant breeding, which is guaranteed by the availability of well-characterized genetic resources. Here, we analyze seeds of 25 American and European common bean purified accessions (i.e., lines of single seed descent) for different morphological and compositional quality traits. Significant differences among the accessions and superior genotypes for important nutritional traits are identified, with some lines showing extreme values for more than one trait. Heritability estimates indicate the importance of considering the effects of environmental growth conditions on seed compositional traits. They suggest the need for more phenotypic characterization in different environments over different years to better characterize combined effects of environment and genotype on nutritional trait variations. Finally, adaptation following the introduction and spread of common bean in Europe seems to have affected its nutritional profile. This finding further suggests the relevance of evolutionary studies to guide breeders in the choice of plant genetic resources.

scholarly journals Cell Surface Expression of Nrg1 Protein in Candida auris

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Anuja Paudyal ◽  
Govindsamy Vediyappan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Biofilm Growth

Candida auris is an emerging antifungal resistant human fungal pathogen increasingly reported in healthcare facilities. It persists in hospital environments, and on skin surfaces, and can form biofilms readily. Here, we investigated the cell surface proteins from C. auris biofilms grown in a synthetic sweat medium mimicking human skin conditions. Cell surface proteins from both biofilm and planktonic control cells were extracted with a buffer containing β-mercaptoethanol and resolved by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Some of the differentially expressed proteins were excised and identified by mass spectrometry. C. albicans orthologs Spe3p, Tdh3p, Sod2p, Ywp1p, and Mdh1p were overexpressed in biofilm cells when compared to the planktonic cells of C. auris. Interestingly, several proteins with zinc ion binding activity were detected. Nrg1p is a zinc-binding transcription factor that negatively regulates hyphal growth in C. albicans. C. auris does not produce true hypha under standard in vitro growth conditions, and the role of Nrg1p in C. auris is currently unknown. Western blot analyses of cell surface and cytosolic proteins of C. auris against anti-CalNrg1 antibody revealed the Nrg1p in both locations. Cell surface localization of Nrg1p in C. auris, an unexpected finding, was further confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Nrg1p expression is uniform across all four clades of C. auris and is dependent on growth conditions. Taken together, the data indicate that C. auris produces several unique proteins during its biofilm growth, which may assist in the skin-colonizing lifestyle of the fungus during its pathogenesis.

Micro-Structural Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Vitex negundo L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Manokari ◽  
S. Priyadharshini ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Structural Repair ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Palisade Cells

Abstract Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.

scholarly journals A Rhodobacter sphaeroides Protein Mechanistically Similar to Escherichia coli DksA Regulates Photosynthetic Growth

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Lennon ◽  
Kimberly C. Lemmer ◽  
Jessica L. Irons ◽  
Max I. Sellman ◽  
Timothy J. Donohue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Globular Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACTDksA is a global regulatory protein that, together with the alarmone ppGpp, is required for the “stringent response” to nutrient starvation in the gammaproteobacteriumEscherichia coliand for more moderate shifts between growth conditions. DksA modulates the expression of hundreds of genes, directly or indirectly. Mutants lacking a DksA homolog exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes in other gammaproteobacteria as well. Here we analyzed the DksA homolog RSP2654 in the more distantly relatedRhodobacter sphaeroides, an alphaproteobacterium. RSP2654 is 42% identical and similar in length toE. coliDksA but lacks the Zn finger motif of theE. coliDksA globular domain. Deletion of the RSP2654 gene results in defects in photosynthetic growth, impaired utilization of amino acids, and an increase in fatty acid content. RSP2654 complements the growth and regulatory defects of anE. colistrain lacking thedksAgene and modulates transcriptionin vitrowithE. coliRNA polymerase (RNAP) similarly toE. coliDksA. RSP2654 reduces RNAP-promoter complex stabilityin vitrowith RNAPs fromE. coliorR. sphaeroides, alone and synergistically with ppGpp, suggesting that even though it has limited sequence identity toE. coliDksA (DksAEc), it functions in a mechanistically similar manner. We therefore designate the RSP2654 protein DksARsp. Our work suggests that DksARsphas distinct and important physiological roles in alphaproteobacteria and will be useful for understanding structure-function relationships in DksA and the mechanism of synergy between DksA and ppGpp.IMPORTANCEThe role of DksA has been analyzed primarily in the gammaproteobacteria, in which it is best understood for its role in control of the synthesis of the translation apparatus and amino acid biosynthesis. Our work suggests that DksA plays distinct and important physiological roles in alphaproteobacteria, including the control of photosynthesis inRhodobacter sphaeroides. The study of DksARsp, should be useful for understanding structure-function relationships in the protein, including those that play a role in the little-understood synergy between DksA and ppGpp.

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