scholarly journals Body exposure, its forms of delivery and potentially associated working mechanisms: How to move the field forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Hartmann ◽  
Eva Naumann ◽  
Silja Vocks ◽  
Jennifer Svaldi ◽  
Jessica Werthmann
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Manuals ◽  
Hallmark Feature ◽  
Working Mechanisms

Background Body image disturbance (BID) is a hallmark feature of eating disorders (EDs) and has proven to be involved in their etiology and maintenance. Therefore, the targeting of BID in treatment is crucial, and has been incorporated in various treatment manuals. One of the most common techniques in the treatment of BID is body exposure (BE), the confrontation with one’s own body. BE has been found to be effective in individuals with EDs or high body dissatisfaction. However, BE is applied in a multitude of ways, most of which are based on one or a combination of the hypothesized underlying working mechanisms, with no differential effectiveness known so far. Method The aim of this paper is to selectively review the main hypothesized working mechanisms of BE and their translation into therapeutic approaches. Results and Conclusion Specifically, we underline that studies are needed to pinpoint the proposed mechanisms and to develop an empirically informed theoretical model of BE. We provide a framework for future studies in order to identify working mechanisms and increase effectiveness of BE.

Evidence-Based Practice for the Prevention and Treatment of Body Image Disturbance and Eating Pathology in Sexual Minority Men

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-312
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Blashill ◽  
Tiffany A. Brown ◽  
Patrycja Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Minority Men

Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders that are associated with significant medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and they have one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder. Although considerable research has demonstrated that sexual minority males represent a high-risk group for eating disorders and body image disturbance, less research has been conducted on evidence-based practice for this population. This chapter describes the prevalence of body image disturbance and eating pathology/disorders among sexual minority men. Next, it reviews leading theoretical models that explain these concerns among sexual minority men, including objectification theory, tripartite theory, and sexual minority stress theory. It then discusses clinical interventions and prevention programs tailored to sexual minority men and briefly reviews leading treatment packages for eating pathology in the general population. A case example of enhanced cognitive–behavioral therapy with a hypothetical sexual minority male patient is presented. The chapter concludes with future directions.

Changes in neuronal correlates of body image processing by means of cognitive-behavioural body image therapy for eating disorders: a randomized controlled fMRI study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1651-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vocks ◽  
D. Schulte ◽  
M. Busch ◽  
D. Grönemeyer ◽  
S. Herpertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies have demonstrated abnormalities in visual body image processing in anorexia and bulimia nervosa, possibly underlying body image disturbance in these disorders. Although cognitive behavioural interventions have been shown to be successful in improving body image disturbance in eating disorders, no randomized controlled study has yet analysed treatment-induced changes in neuronal correlates of visual body image processing.MethodAltogether, 32 females with eating disorders were randomly assigned either to a manualized cognitive behavioural body image therapy consisting of 10 group sessions, or to a waiting list control condition. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain responses to viewing photographs of one's own and another female's body taken from 16 standardized perspectives while participants were wearing a uniform bikini were acquired before and after the intervention and the waiting time, respectively.ResultsData indicate a general blood oxygen level dependent signal enhancement in response to looking at photographs of one's own body from pre- to post-treatment, whereas exclusively in the control group activation decreases from pre- to post-waiting time were observed. Focused activation increases from pre- to post-treatment were found in the left middle temporal gyrus covering the coordinates of the extrastriate body area and in bilateral frontal structures including the middle frontal gyrus.ConclusionsResults point to a more intense neuronal processing of one's own body after the cognitive behavioural body image therapy in cortical regions that are responsible for the visual processing of the human body and for self-awareness.

Body Image Disturbance in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips ◽  
Jennie M. Kim ◽  
James I. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Body Image Disturbance

Body Image Disturbance, Parental Bonding and Alexithymia in Patients with Eating Disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Panfilis ◽  
P. Rabbaglio ◽  
C. Rossi ◽  
G. Zita ◽  
C. Maggini
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Body Image Disturbance

scholarly journals The effect of body image preoccupation on decision making in eating disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Onysk ◽  
Peggy Seriès
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Body Image Issues ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Model

AbstractEating disorders are associated with one of the highest mortality rates among all mental disorders, yet there is very little research about them within the newly emerging and promising field of computational psychiatry. As such, we focus on investigating a previously unexplored, yet a core aspect of eating disorders – body image preoccupation. We continue a freshly opened debate about model-based learning in eating disorders and perform a study that utilises a two-step decision-making task and a reinforcement learning model to understand the effect of body image preoccupation on model-based learning in a subclinical eating disorder population, as recruited using Prolific. We find a significantly reduced model-based contribution in the body image disturbance task condition in the eating disorder group as compared to a healthy control. We propose a new digital biomarker that significantly predicts disordered eating, and body image issues.

Body Image Disturbance in Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Legenbauer ◽  
Pia Thiemann ◽  
Silja Vocks
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Body Image Disturbances ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Image Component

Body image is multifaceted and incorporates perceptual, affective, and cognitive components as well as behavioral features. Only few studies have examined the character of body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders. It is unknown whether body-image disturbances in children/adolescent with eating disturbances are comparable to those of adult patients with eating disorders. Body-image disturbance might differ quantitatively and qualitatively according to the cognitive developmental status and the age of the individual. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence for body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders, and how they compare with those adults with eating disorders. Current evidence indicates that older adolescent patients show similar deficits as adult patients with eating disorders, in particular for the attitudinal body-image component. However, evidence for a perceptual body-image disturbance in adolescent patients, in particular anorexia nervosa, is not conclusive. Reliable statements for childhood can hardly be made because clinical studies are not available. Investigations of body-image disturbance in children have focused on the predictive value for eating disorders. Limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and future directions for research and therapy are indicated.

Alterations in Activity, Volume, and Connectivity of Body-Processing Brain Areas in Anorexia Nervosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Suchan ◽  
Silja Vocks ◽  
Manuel Waldorf
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Reduced Activity

Body image disturbance is one of the main symptoms of eating disorders; however, the neural basis of this phenomenon is not well understood yet. In the present paper, we review studies investigating the neuronal correlates of visual body perception in anorexia nervosa. We first focus on the well-known parietal lobe contribution to body image processing and its malfunction. Additionally, we focus on the contribution and involvement of the extrastriate and fusiform body area in eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa. The summarized studies provide first evidence for a reduced activity, volume, and connectivity in brain areas involved and specialized in the visual processing of human bodies. In general, the reviewed studies provide evidence for abnormalities in body-processing brain areas in anorexia nervosa, indicating two structures in the brain that are involved: early stages of body processing in the visual extrastriate cortex and later stages in the parietal cortex.

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