Changes in neuronal correlates of body image processing by means of cognitive-behavioural body image therapy for eating disorders: a randomized controlled fMRI study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1651-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vocks ◽  
D. Schulte ◽  
M. Busch ◽  
D. Grönemeyer ◽  
S. Herpertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies have demonstrated abnormalities in visual body image processing in anorexia and bulimia nervosa, possibly underlying body image disturbance in these disorders. Although cognitive behavioural interventions have been shown to be successful in improving body image disturbance in eating disorders, no randomized controlled study has yet analysed treatment-induced changes in neuronal correlates of visual body image processing.MethodAltogether, 32 females with eating disorders were randomly assigned either to a manualized cognitive behavioural body image therapy consisting of 10 group sessions, or to a waiting list control condition. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain responses to viewing photographs of one's own and another female's body taken from 16 standardized perspectives while participants were wearing a uniform bikini were acquired before and after the intervention and the waiting time, respectively.ResultsData indicate a general blood oxygen level dependent signal enhancement in response to looking at photographs of one's own body from pre- to post-treatment, whereas exclusively in the control group activation decreases from pre- to post-waiting time were observed. Focused activation increases from pre- to post-treatment were found in the left middle temporal gyrus covering the coordinates of the extrastriate body area and in bilateral frontal structures including the middle frontal gyrus.ConclusionsResults point to a more intense neuronal processing of one's own body after the cognitive behavioural body image therapy in cortical regions that are responsible for the visual processing of the human body and for self-awareness.

Body Image Processing in Korean Adolescent and College-Aged Females

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Il Yoon ◽  
Esther Thorson ◽  
Myoung-chun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Korean Adolescent ◽  
Foreign Media

Research on body image has neglected a number of factors that seem likely to influence individuals’ eating disorders. This study looks at eating disorder relationships with age, cultural background, physical and psychological factors, amount and type of media exposure, and body image processing (i.e., comparing and endorsing thin ideals). Survey results from a sample of 376 Korean adolescent and college-aged females confirmed the mediating effect body image processing had on eating disorder indicators. Although striking age differences were found in the relationship between media use and eating disorders, there were also similarities between the two age groups. Comparing and endorsing thin ideals played a more important role among adolescent girls than among college-aged women. Contrary to previous research reported in the U.S., exposure to television “thin drama” was not a significant predictor of Korean females’ body image disturbance. Instead, exposure to foreign media had direct and indirect impacts on eating disorders among Korean females. Implications of the age and cross-cultural differences were discussed.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Study of the Pain- and Tension-Reducing Effects of 15 Min Workplace Massage Treatments Versus Seated Rest for Nurses in a Large Teaching Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Katz ◽  
Adarose Wowk ◽  
Dianne Culp ◽  
Heather Wakeling
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Massage Group

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate whether a series of eight 15 min, on-site massage treatments would be effective in reducing pain and tension in nursing staff at a large teaching hospital.HYPOTHESES:On-site massage treatment would result in reduced pain intensity and tension levels and increased relaxation compared with a control group receiving seated rest.DESIGN:Randomized, controlled trial of eight sessions of Swedish massage therapy versus eight sessions of seated rest.PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-two hospital staff (29 registered nurses and three clerical staff) volunteers.SETTING:Participants were recruited from a tertiary care centre.OUTCOME MEASURES:Pulse rate (beats/min), pain measured using a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), tension (VAS), relaxation (yes/no) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were measured before and after each session.RESULTS:The groups did not differ significantly on baseline demographic variables or in attendance rates. Post-treatment VAS pain, VAS tension, and total POMS scores showed the same pattern of results: one-way ANCOVAs revealed a significant effect of the covariate (mean pretreatment score averaged across sessions attended) and a significant main effect for groups indicating that post-treatment pain, tension and POMS scores were significantly lower in the massage group than in he seated rest group (all P<0.001). A greater proportion of the massage group reported a sense of relaxation, and had pain and tension relief that persisted for up to a day or longer post massage (P<0.0009).CONCLUSIONS:The provision of on-site massage treatments for nursing staff at a large teaching hospital resulted in significant reductions in pain and tension levels and an increase in overall mood compared with a control group that received seated rest.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Abdominal and Gluteus Medius Training in Lumbo-Pelvic Stability and Adductor Strength in Female Soccer Players. A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Héctor Guerrero-Tapia ◽  
Rodrigo Martín-Baeza ◽  
Rubén Cuesta-Barriuso
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. Abdominal and lumbo-pelvic stability alterations may be the origin of lower limb injuries, such as adductor pathology in soccer players. Imbalance can be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial over 8 weeks, 25 female footballers were randomly allocated to an experimental group (isometric abdominal training and gluteus medius-specific training) or a control group (isometric abdominal training). Evaluations were performed at baseline, at the end of the intervention and after a 4-week follow-up period. The exercise protocol in common for both groups included three exercises: Plank, Lateral plank and Bird dog. Specific exercises for the gluteus medius were: Pelvic drop and Stabilization of the gluteus medius in knee valgus. Outcome measures were lumbar-pelvic stability and adductor strength. Results: After the intervention, there was an increase in lumbo-pelvic stability in both groups, being greater in the control group than in the experimental group (mean differences [MD]: 4.84 vs. MD: 9.58; p < 0.01) with differences in the analysis of repeated measures (p < 0.001), but not in group interaction (p = 0.26). Changes were found in adductor strength in the experimental group (MD: −2.48; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −1.48; p < 0.01 in right adductor) and control group (MD: −1.68; p < 0.001 in the left adductor; MD: −2.05; p < 0.001 in the right adductor) after the intervention, with differences in the analysis of repeated measures in left (p < 0.001) and right (p < 0.001) adductor strength. Conclusions: An abdominal and gluteal training protocol shows no advantage over a protocol of abdominal training alone for lumbo-pelvic stability and adductor strength, while improvements in both variables are maintained at four weeks follow-up.

scholarly journals Efficacy of axial TheraTogs on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamekh Mohamed El-Shamy ◽  
Ehab Mohamed Abd El Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background TheraTogs promotes proprioceptive sense of a child with cerebral palsy and improves abnormal muscle tone, posture alignment, balance, and gait. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of TheraTogs orthotic undergarment on gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Thirty children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy were selected for this randomized controlled study. They were randomly assigned to (1) an experimental group that received TheraTogs orthotic undergarment (12 h/day, 3 days/week) plus traditional physical therapy for 3 successive months and (2) a control group that received only traditional physical therapy program for the same time period. Gait parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months of intervention using Pro-Reflex motion analysis. Results Children in both groups showed significant improvements in the gait parameters (P < 0.05), with significantly greater improvements in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions The use of TheraTogs may have a positive effect to improve gait pattern in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Trial registration This trial was registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (NCT03037697).

scholarly journals Biofeedback Intervention for Stress and Anxiety among Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ISRN Nursing ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ratanasiripong ◽  
Nop Ratanasiripong ◽  
Duangrat Kathalae
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. It has been well documented that nursing students across the world experience stress and anxiety throughout their education and training. The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to investigate the impact of biofeedback intervention program on nursing students' levels of stress and anxiety during their first clinical training. Methods. Participants consisted of 60 second-year baccalaureate nursing students. The 30 participants in the biofeedback group received training on how to use the biofeedback device to assist in stress and anxiety management for 5 weeks while the 30 in the control group did not receive any training. Findings. Results indicated that the biofeedback group was able to maintain the stress level while the control group had a significant increase in the stress level over the 5-week period of clinical training. Additionally, the biofeedback group had a significant reduction in anxiety, while the control group had a moderate increase in anxiety. Conclusions. The better the nursing students can manage their stress and anxiety, the more successful they can be in their clinical training. Ultimately, the more psychologically healthy the nursing students are, the more likely they will flourish and graduate to become productive and contributing members of the nursing profession.

scholarly journals Foam Rolling Elicits Neuronal Relaxation Patterns Distinct from Manual Massage: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Yann Kerautret ◽  
Aymeric Guillot ◽  
Sébastien Daligault ◽  
Franck Di Rienzo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Randomized Controlled

The present double-blinded, randomized controlled study sought to compare the effects of a full-body manual massage (MM) and a foam rolling (FR) intervention on subjective and objective indexes of performance and well-being. A total of 65 healthy individuals were randomly allocated to an FR, MM, or a control group who received a cognitively oriented relaxation routine. Self-report ratings of perceived anxiety, muscle relaxation, and muscle pain were used to index changes in affect and physical sensations. The sit-and-reach and toe-touch tests, as well as a mental calculation task, were used to index motor and cognitive performances, respectively. We also conducted resting-state electroencephalography and continuous skin conductance recordings before and after the experimental intervention. Both FR and MM groups exhibited neural synchronization of alpha and beta oscillations during the posttest. Skin conductance increased from the pretest to the posttest in the relaxation group, but decreased in the FR group. All interventions improved range of motion, although only the MM group outperformed the relaxation group for the toe-touch performance. MM was associated with reduced muscle pain and increased muscle relaxation. Reduced perceived anxiety after the intervention was observed in the FR group only. Overall, MM and FR both improved objective and subjective indexes of performance and well-being. Differences between the two massage interventions are discussed in relation to the effects of pressure stimulation on autonomic regulations and the proactive vs. retroactive nature of FR, compared to MM.

Self-Managed Music-Guided Exercise Intervention Improved Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength for ICU Survivors—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110502
Author(s):  
Zhan Liang ◽  
Hilary Yip ◽  
Kimberly Sena Moore ◽  
Tanira Ferreira ◽  
Ming Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a self-managed music-guided exercise intervention on muscle strength among intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Methods We used a two-arm randomized-controlled trial. Following ICU discharge, eligible participants were assigned to one of two groups: music group ( n = 13) or active control group ( n = 13). The music group was taught to self-manage upper and lower extremity exercise movements by listening to an individualized music-guided playlist twice daily for 5 days. The active control group was provided an exercise brochure and advised to perform the same exercises at the same intervals. Dynamometers were used to measure muscle strength. T-tests and Weighted GEE models were used for testing the intervention effect between groups. Results Twenty-six subjects were enrolled. The mean age was 62.8 ( SD = 13.8), 53.8% were male, 65.4% were Caucasian, and the mean APACHE severity of illness score was 59 ( SD = 23.4). Reasons for ICU admission were mainly cardiac and medical. The music group showed significant improvements in handgrip, plantar flexion, leg extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder adduction strengths on left and right sides. Additionally, left and right leg extensor and left plantar flexor strengths showed significant post-differences, and small to moderately large effect sizes, between the music group and control group. Conclusion These findings suggest that a music-guided exercise intervention has the potential to improve muscle strength in ICU survivors and prevent further post-ICU deterioration in ICU survivors. Future trials should build upon these preliminary findings.

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