scholarly journals Generating Community Benefit From New Development: What’s in it for Parkdale?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Land Trusts ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Community Benefit ◽  
New Development ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Insight Into

Rapidly rising property values and shifts in living patterns have led to housing affordability pressures and gentrification in the Toronto neighbourhood of Parkdale. As a result, community groups are looking to find ways to preserve housing affordability through the creation of new housing units. This paper analyses policy tools that could potentially be used to generate affordable housing from new development. An understanding of current conditions was established and potential policy tools were identified. These include: inclusionary zoning, density benefit agreements, community benefit agreements, and community land trusts. A jurisdictional scan identified common themes and best practices for implementation of these policy tools. Interviews with key informants built upon this basis and provided insight into the applicability of these tools to Toronto. Recommendations were developed to assist community groups in responding to the implementation of these policies and to direct advocacy for further policy changes.

scholarly journals Generating Community Benefit From New Development: What’s in it for Parkdale?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Land Trusts ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Community Benefit ◽  
New Development ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Insight Into

Rapidly rising property values and shifts in living patterns have led to housing affordability pressures and gentrification in the Toronto neighbourhood of Parkdale. As a result, community groups are looking to find ways to preserve housing affordability through the creation of new housing units. This paper analyses policy tools that could potentially be used to generate affordable housing from new development. An understanding of current conditions was established and potential policy tools were identified. These include: inclusionary zoning, density benefit agreements, community benefit agreements, and community land trusts. A jurisdictional scan identified common themes and best practices for implementation of these policy tools. Interviews with key informants built upon this basis and provided insight into the applicability of these tools to Toronto. Recommendations were developed to assist community groups in responding to the implementation of these policies and to direct advocacy for further policy changes.

Urban Population and Identification of Indicators for Affordable Housing in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Outlying Regions ◽  
Indian Nations ◽  
Statistical Area ◽  
Present View

Urbanization assumes a pivotal role in the economic development of any country. Housing affordability has been broadly perceived as a fundamental issue in making practical assembled condition particularly with regards to developing world urban communities. As a result, a large number of the least urbanized and least developed Indian nations' will confront serious difficulties in giving moderate housing to the urban tenants. This exploration is done to distinguish conceivable indicators for affordable housing in India, particularly in the urban zones. Likewise, it inspects the present view of housing affordability in outlying regions through the improvement of a set of empirical indicators. These indicators are applied to give an incorporated affordability record for each statistical area unit across India.

Policy Diffusion in a Redistributive Policy: Affordable Housing and State Housing Trust Funds

2021 ◽  
pp. 0160323X2110494
Author(s):  
Carla Flink ◽  
Rebecca J. Walter ◽  
Xiaoyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
State Level ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Housing Investment ◽  
Trust Funds ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Survival Modeling ◽  
Problem Severity

Diffusion models explore the reasons policies transfer across governments. In this study, we focus on U.S. state level efforts in affordable housing. Drawing predominately from policy diffusion literature, our research examines the determinants of the creation of state Housing Trust Funds (HTFs). We utilize event history analysis with logit regressions and survival modeling to examine how problem severity, neighbor adoption, economic standing, elected leadership, housing investment, and demographics predict state HTF adoption. Results indicate that both problem severity and elected leadership predict the adoption of HTFs. This work improves our understanding of state policy diffusion and efforts in housing affordability.

scholarly journals Investing in community: community land trusts and affordable housing in Calgary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Dow
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Trusts ◽  
Land Trust ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Community Land Trust ◽  
The Cost

The cost of affordable rental units in Calgary is amongst the highest in Canada, despite a rental vacancy rate that is 3 percent higher than the national average (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2017). Nearly 1 in 5 Calgary households are struggling to pay for shelter costs and as of 2016, more than 42,000 households were spending more than 50 percent of their incomes on shelter, putting this population at a greater risk of becoming homeless due to job loss or from some other unexpected financial hardship (City of Calgary, 2017). Counter to popular belief, economically depressed communities with weak rental and housing markets such as Calgary following the 2015 collapse of the oil and gas sector can be subject to a critical lack of affordable housing. A soft housing market cannot make up for an insufficient range of affordable and non-market housing options. In other cities facing similar challenges, especially those in the United States, the formation of Community Land Trusts has proven to be a viable solution for providing both affordable rental and affordable ownership opportunities for residents who are struggling to afford the cost of housing in their area. This paper explores whether the Community Land Trust model is an appropriate tool to augment Calgary’s limited supply of affordable housing and will end with five recommendations to encourage the adoption of the Community Land Trust model in Calgary. Key Words: affordable housing, affordable ownership, Calgary, community land trust, small-scale affordable development.

scholarly journals The ‘community' in community land trusts: the role of community control in pursuing community land trust activism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Le
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Land Trusts ◽  
Land Trust ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Community Land Trust

Housing in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) is increasingly unaffordable due to rising housing costs. Community land trusts (CLTs) have recently emerged as a tool for providing affordable housing in the GTHA. This paper investigated the form that CLTs should take to ensure its long-term success for providing affordable housing. Through an analysis of academic and grey literature, the element of community control was identified as being a critical success factor. This paper explored four CLTs operating in American and European contexts to understand whether and how community control was manifested and the resulting implications it had on the CLT and residents. The findings of the paper confirm the importance of community control in the long-term functioning of CLTs, and that community control can be manifested in various forms. Planners operating in the GTHA must therefore be mindful of ensuring that community control is expressed in CLTs. Keywords: Community land trust; affordable housing; community control; Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area

scholarly journals Measuring Housing Affordability Using Residual Income Method for Million-plus Cities in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Rao ◽  
◽  
Arindam Biswas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Residual Income ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The City ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
Living Cost

Housing affordability is an ever-growing concern in rapidly urbanizing countries like India. The need for affordable housing can hardly be overemphasis in India. Government has many policies and programs running for fulfilling the requirement. But it is essential to define affordability standards for the success of any such policies and programs. The Ratio Method, which is currently used as the base for determining affordable housing, doesn’t have the flexibility to match the varied scale and standards across Indian cities. This paper is based on Michel E stone’s residual income’ method to measure housing affordability for India’s million-plus city. It gives a new approach for measuring housing affordability based on the minimum living cost for survival. It uses Poverty Line data (2014) and NSSO economic survey data (2012) for defining the minimum standard of living in the city. Stakeholders can use the city-specific measurement for affordable housing generated from this paper in affordable housing policies and programs.

scholarly journals Investing in community: community land trusts and affordable housing in Calgary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Dow
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Trusts ◽  
Land Trust ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Community Land Trust ◽  
The Cost

The cost of affordable rental units in Calgary is amongst the highest in Canada, despite a rental vacancy rate that is 3 percent higher than the national average (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2017). Nearly 1 in 5 Calgary households are struggling to pay for shelter costs and as of 2016, more than 42,000 households were spending more than 50 percent of their incomes on shelter, putting this population at a greater risk of becoming homeless due to job loss or from some other unexpected financial hardship (City of Calgary, 2017). Counter to popular belief, economically depressed communities with weak rental and housing markets such as Calgary following the 2015 collapse of the oil and gas sector can be subject to a critical lack of affordable housing. A soft housing market cannot make up for an insufficient range of affordable and non-market housing options. In other cities facing similar challenges, especially those in the United States, the formation of Community Land Trusts has proven to be a viable solution for providing both affordable rental and affordable ownership opportunities for residents who are struggling to afford the cost of housing in their area. This paper explores whether the Community Land Trust model is an appropriate tool to augment Calgary’s limited supply of affordable housing and will end with five recommendations to encourage the adoption of the Community Land Trust model in Calgary. Key Words: affordable housing, affordable ownership, Calgary, community land trust, small-scale affordable development.

scholarly journals Comparative infrastructural modalities: Examining spatial strategies for Melbourne, Auckland and Vancouver

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Support Housing ◽  
Political Economic

Infrastructure systems are critical to support sustainable and equitable urbanisation, and infrastructure is becoming more prominent within urban spatial strategies. However, the fragmented governance and delivery of spatial plans and infrastructure projects create a challenging environment to embed planning goals across the planning, delivery and operation of infrastructure systems. There is significant uncertainty around future needs and the complex ways that infrastructures influence socio-spatial relations and political-economic processes. Additionally, fragmented knowledge of infrastructure across different disciplines undermines the development of robust planning strategies. Comparative analysis of strategic spatial plans from Auckland, Melbourne and Vancouver examines how infrastructures are instrumentalised to support planning goals. Across the three cases, the analysis identified four common infrastructural modalities: rescaling socio-spatial relations through targeted intensification, intra-urban mobility upgrades and containment boundaries; re-localising socio-spatial relations to the suburban scale with ‘complete communities’; protection of ‘gateway’ precincts; and local planning provisions to support housing affordability. By examining infrastructure through a theoretical framework for suburban infrastructures, this analysis revealed how infrastructures exert agency as artefacts shaping socio-spatial relations and through the internalisation of political-economic processes. Each modality mobilised infrastructure to support goals of global competitiveness, economic growth and ‘liveability’. Findings suggest that spatial strategies should take a user-focused approach to infrastructure to meet the needs of diverse urban populations, and engage directly with the modes of infrastructure project delivery to embed planning goals across design, delivery and operations stages. Stronger institutional mandates to control land-use and provide affordable housing would improve outcomes in these city-regions.

The Housing Triangulation: A Discourse on Quality, Affordability and Lifestyles in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Urmi Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Structural Patterns ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Housing Standards

Since 1991 with the advent of globalization and economic liberalisation, basic conceptual and discursive changes are taking place in housing sector in India. The new changes suggest how housing affordability, quality and lifestyles reality is shifting for various segments of the population. Such shift not only reflects structural patterns but also stimulates an ongoing transition process. The paper highlights a twin impetus that continue to shape the ongoing transition: expanding middle class and their wealth - a category with distinctive lifestyles, desires and habits and corresponding ‘market defining’ of affordable housing standards - to articulate function of housing as a conceptualization of social reality in modern India. The paper highlights the contradictions and paradoxes, and the manner in which the concept of affordability, quality and lifestyles are embedded in both discourse and practice in India. The housing ‘dream’ currently being packaged and fed through to the middle class population has an upper middle class bias and is set to alienate those at the lower end of the middle-and low-income population. In the context of growing agreement and inevitability of market provision of ‘affordable housing’, the unbridled ‘market-defining’ of housing quality and lifestyles must be checked.

scholarly journals Housing Prices in Unregulated Markets: Study on Verticalised Dwellings in Santiago de Chile

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Vergara-Perucich ◽  
Carlos Aguirre-Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Data Transparency

Chile faces a housing affordability crisis, given that most of the population is unable to secure a house. While housing prices between 2008 and 2019 increased by 63.96%, wages only increased by 21.85%. This article presented an analysis of the housing price configuration for the main borough in the country—Santiago. The assessment focused on verticalised housing constructed between 2015 and 2019. The article developed an exploratory study on the price of housing in Santiago to generate a diagnosis to identify the role played by expectations of profitability when configuring price. Based on the information generated, we sought to contribute to the discussion on public policies that advance the development of affordable housing in central boroughs with high urban value, as is the case for Santiago’s borough of Greater Santiago. We hypothesised that profit expectation of real estate developers plays a key role in the housing prices, and an adjustment in the profit ratios might increase the affordability while keeping the housing market above profitable rates. This research addressed the lack of data transparency in the Chilean housing market with archival research, reconstructing costs and earnings from projects based on official registrations of transactions at the borough level. In Chile, the access to investment costs, land values, yields, and house price formation are not publicly available, even though these factors imply that many households are facing severe difficulties in paying for and accessing decent housing.

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