Do Labour Migrants Bring Well-Being to the Households? Revisit the Pathway from Neoclassical to Pluralism

Aim of this review is to review literature on the impact of international labour migration and remittances on household well-being and present a theoretical and a conceptual framework to facilitate empirical studies. Study found that, migration literature comprises diversified views which has been changed in different era with the changing socio-economic contexts of emigrating and immigrating countries. Present view, which is highly dominated by pluralists, provides theoretical foundation to link migration and remittances to household well-being. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks developed in this review provides a strong foundation for empirical analysis.

Deiodinases: how non-mammalian research helped shape our present view

Iodothyronine deiodinases are enzymes capable of activating and inactivating thyroid hormones (THs) and have an important role in regulating TH action in tissues throughout the body. Three types of deiodinases (D1, D2 and D3) were originally defined based on their biochemical characteristics. Cloning of the first cDNAs in the 1990s (Dio1 in rat and dio2 and dio3 in frog) allowed to confirm the existence of three distinct enzymes. Over the years, increasing genomic information revealed that deiodinases are present in all chordates, vertebrates and non-vertebrates, and that they can even be found in some mollusks and annelids, pointing to an ancient origin. Research in non-mammalian models has substantially broadened our understanding of deiodinases. In relation to their structure, we discovered for instance that biochemical properties such as inhibition by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil, stimulation by dithiothreitol and temperature optimum are subject to variation. Data from fish, amphibians and birds were key in shifting our view on the relative importance of activating and inactivating deiodination pathways, and in showing the impact of D2 and D3 not only in local but also whole body T3 availability. They also led to the discovery of new local functions such as the acute reciprocal changes in D2 and D3 in hypothalamic tanycytes upon photostimulation, involved in seasonal rhythmicity. With the present possibilities for rapid and precise gene silencing in any species of interest, comparative research will certainly further contribute to a better understanding of the importance of deiodinases for adequate TH action, also in humans.

How Climate, Uplift and Erosion Shaped the Alpine Topography

Decades of scientific research on the European Alps have helped quantify the vast array of processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Patterns in rock exhumation, surface erosion and topographic changes can be compared to sediment yields preserved in sedimentary basins or collected from modern rivers. Erosion-driven isostatic uplift explains up to ~50% of the modern geodetic rock uplift rates; the remaining uplift reveals the importance of internal processes (tectonics, deep-seated geodynamics) and external processes (glacial rebound, topographic changes). We highlight recent methodological and conceptual developments that have contributed to our present view of the European Alps, and we provide suggestions on how to fill the gaps in our understanding.

Examination of Sustainability Strategies of Enterprises that Operate in the Sports Industry

The concept of sustainable production/consumption is one of the key points that need to be addressed in terms of measures and alternatives. As one of the most important industries today, the sports industry appeals to a wide range of consumers through various goods and services offered to consumers. The present view is that it is important to look out for sustainable production/consumption and to implement sustainability strategies both in terms of enterprises and of products and services offered to consumers. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to describe and examine the sustainability strategies of enterprises that produce goods and services in the sports sector. Within the scope of this inquiry, this study utilized the qualitative research technique of semi-structured interviewing. The interviews with senior managers in the sports sector were conducted in the Turkish city of Eskişehir. The results showed that the awareness levels of the companies regarding sustainability are lacking and that the corresponding strategies implemented were also insufficient.

DNA ligases of Prochlorococcus marinus: an evolutionary exception to the rules of replication

DNA ligases, essential enzymes which re-join the backbone of DNA come in two structurally-distinct isoforms, NAD-dependent and ATP-dependent, which differ in cofactor usage. The present view is that all bacteria exclusively use NAD-dependent DNA ligases for DNA replication, while archaea and eukaryotes use ATP-dependent DNA ligases. Some bacteria also possess auxiliary ATP-dependent DNA ligases; however, these are only employed for specialist DNA repair processes. Here we show that in the genomes of high-light strains of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcocus marinus, an ATP-dependent DNA ligase has replaced the NAD-dependent form, overturning the present paradigm of a clear evolutionary split in ligase usage. Genes encoding partial NAD-dependent DNA ligases are found on mobile regions in highlight genomes and lack domains required for catalytic function. This constitutes the first reported example of a bacterium that relies on an ATP-dependent DNA ligase for DNA replication and recommends P. marinus as a model to investigate the evolutionary origins of these essential DNA-processing enzymes.

Retinoic acid synthesis by ALDH1A proteins is dispensable for meiosis initiation in the mouse fetal ovary

In mammals, the timing of meiosis entry is regulated by signals from the gonadal environment. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling is considered the key pathway that promotes Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid 8) expression and, in turn, meiosis entry. This model, however, is debated because it is based on analyzing the effects of exogenous ATRA on ex vivo gonadal cultures, which not accurately reflects the role of endogenous ATRA. Aldh1a1 and Aldh1a2, two retinaldehyde dehydrogenases synthesizing ATRA, are expressed in the mouse ovaries when meiosis initiates. Contrary to the present view, here, we demonstrate that ATRA-responsive cells are scarce in the ovary. Using three distinct gene deletion models for Aldh1a1;Aldh1a2;Aldh1a3, we show that Stra8 expression is independent of ATRA production by ALDH1A proteins and that germ cells progress through meiosis. Together, these data demonstrate that ATRA signaling is dispensable for instructing meiosis initiation in female germ cells.

Metaphor

Metaphor is dangerous. The act of metaphoring—mapping between unlike domains—has iconic power, power to transform our conventional ways of seeing and, by so doing, to change or modulate our minds and our behavior. First, the chapter lays the groundwork for a cognitively oriented view of metaphor by discussing two contrasting views of what happens when one either takes metaphor literally or sees it as a model of reality. It then explores the ways in which good metaphor has been traditionally understood in literary criticism in order to suggest a more interconnected approach between ourselves and the worlds of our experience. The chapter compares the present view of metaphorical function in structuring a poem as icon with two Peircean-influenced approaches, and introduces hierarchic metaphoric processing at the linguistic, conceptual, and sensory-emotive levels. Finally, the chapter builds on the model of blending to explain how metaphoring functions in the creation of a poetic icon.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND SEM ANALYSIS ON MORTAR CUBE WITH WOOD ASH FOR PARTIAL REPLACEENT OF CEMENT

In the present view, several buildings are constructed ranging from ordinary residential building to sky - scrap structures. Invariably in all the structures, mortar plays a vital role in construction. Generally mortar is mixture of cement, fine aggregate, water and different type of admixtures used depends upon the situation. The cost of cement is increasing progressively day to day. In consequently cost of the building is also being increased. Wood ash does not make any pollution and eco – friendly for green building construction. This material is easily get more from burning of wood in home and industries, there by the cost of material too be reduced. Therefore, it has planned to conduct experiment on mortar in which the cement is partially replaced by wood ash. SEM Analysis is also carried out in mortar mix for observing bond between cement and wood ash.

Urban Population and Identification of Indicators for Affordable Housing in India

Urbanization assumes a pivotal role in the economic development of any country. Housing affordability has been broadly perceived as a fundamental issue in making practical assembled condition particularly with regards to developing world urban communities. As a result, a large number of the least urbanized and least developed Indian nations' will confront serious difficulties in giving moderate housing to the urban tenants. This exploration is done to distinguish conceivable indicators for affordable housing in India, particularly in the urban zones. Likewise, it inspects the present view of housing affordability in outlying regions through the improvement of a set of empirical indicators. These indicators are applied to give an incorporated affordability record for each statistical area unit across India.