scholarly journals Cognitive Strategies for Management of Social Anxiety: A Comparison of Brief Cognitive Restructuring and Mindfulness Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leorra Newman
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Active Pursuit ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

The gold standard psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD), one of the most common anxiety disorders, is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), incorporating cognitive restructuring to target maladaptive beliefs thought to maintain SAD. Recent evidence suggests that mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches, emphasizing nonjudgmental awareness without active pursuit of cognitive change, may also be effective. The goal of the current study was to examine the mechanisms by which each cognitive approach affects symptoms. Eighty-seven adults with elevated social anxiety were randomized to receive training in one of the strategies or to a control condition in which participants completed assessments only. Participants self-reported similar decreases in symptoms after 1 week of practice, and these improvements were mediated by increases in decentering and decreases in maladaptive beliefs across condition. These results suggest greater overlap between modalities than theory might predict. Implications for clinical practice, including brief treatments and the role of assessment, are reviewed.

scholarly journals Cognitive Strategies for Management of Social Anxiety: A Comparison of Brief Cognitive Restructuring and Mindfulness Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leorra Newman
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Active Pursuit ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

The gold standard psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD), one of the most common anxiety disorders, is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), incorporating cognitive restructuring to target maladaptive beliefs thought to maintain SAD. Recent evidence suggests that mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches, emphasizing nonjudgmental awareness without active pursuit of cognitive change, may also be effective. The goal of the current study was to examine the mechanisms by which each cognitive approach affects symptoms. Eighty-seven adults with elevated social anxiety were randomized to receive training in one of the strategies or to a control condition in which participants completed assessments only. Participants self-reported similar decreases in symptoms after 1 week of practice, and these improvements were mediated by increases in decentering and decreases in maladaptive beliefs across condition. These results suggest greater overlap between modalities than theory might predict. Implications for clinical practice, including brief treatments and the role of assessment, are reviewed.

scholarly journals Effects of interpretation training on subjective, behavioural, and physiological measures of anxiety during a self-presentation task in an analogue social anxiety sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda E. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control

Negative interpretation biases, defined as a tendency to interpret ambiguous social situations negatively, have been theorized to play a role in the maintenance of social anxiety. Research has shown that computer-based interpretation training tasks can modify negative interpretation biases and that this modification is associated with decreases in subjective ratings of anxiety. Negative interpretation biases have also been shown to decrease following cognitive-behavioural therapy. This study investigated the effects of interpretation training and cognitive restructuring on symptomatology, cognitive processes, behaviour, and physiological reactivity in an analogue social anxiety sample. Seventy-two participants with elevated social anxiety scores were randomized to one of 3 conditions: interpretation training (n = 24), cognitive restructuring (n = 24), and control (n = 24). Although none of the conditions showed a decrease in social anxiety symptomatology, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition evidenced a significant decrease in anxiety-related cognitive processes at the 48-hour follow-up. There were no group differences on subjective distress and self-rated performance on the speech task. However, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition were rated as having higher quality speeches by an objective rater compared to participants in the interpretation training condition. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of interpretation training on subjective, behavioural, and physiological measures of anxiety during a self-presentation task in an analogue social anxiety sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda E. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control

Negative interpretation biases, defined as a tendency to interpret ambiguous social situations negatively, have been theorized to play a role in the maintenance of social anxiety. Research has shown that computer-based interpretation training tasks can modify negative interpretation biases and that this modification is associated with decreases in subjective ratings of anxiety. Negative interpretation biases have also been shown to decrease following cognitive-behavioural therapy. This study investigated the effects of interpretation training and cognitive restructuring on symptomatology, cognitive processes, behaviour, and physiological reactivity in an analogue social anxiety sample. Seventy-two participants with elevated social anxiety scores were randomized to one of 3 conditions: interpretation training (n = 24), cognitive restructuring (n = 24), and control (n = 24). Although none of the conditions showed a decrease in social anxiety symptomatology, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition evidenced a significant decrease in anxiety-related cognitive processes at the 48-hour follow-up. There were no group differences on subjective distress and self-rated performance on the speech task. However, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition were rated as having higher quality speeches by an objective rater compared to participants in the interpretation training condition. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Exploring the concurrent use of standardised and idiographic measures to assess cognitive behavioural therapy in a university student with autistic spectrum condition – a single case experimental design

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Birdsey ◽  
Linda Walz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
University Students ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
University Student ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Spectrum Condition

Abstract Limited research has directly addressed the challenges of higher education for students with autism, who face additional difficulties in navigating social, personal and academic obstacles. With more students experiencing mental health difficulties whilst at university, therapeutic interventions on offer need to be suitable for those accessing support. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is widely used to support university students, as it is firmly established as an effective treatment for a range of issues, including social and generalised anxiety in typically developing populations (NICE, 2013; NICE, 2019). However, the efficacy of CBT for individuals with autistic spectrum condition (ASC) is less well known, despite the high prevalence rates of anxiety in this population. This paper seeks to address a gap in the literature and uses a single-case (A-B) experimental design over 16 sessions to reduce co-morbid social and generalised anxiety in a university student with high-functioning ASC. Clark’s (2001) cognitive model of social anxiety and Wells’ (1997) cognitive model of generalised anxiety were employed to formulate anxiety experienced in this case. Standardised outcome measures were used for social anxiety, i.e. the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and generalised anxiety, i.e. the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), in conjunction with idiographic ratings to assess the impact of therapy. Findings indicate that CBT was an acceptable and useful intervention with mixed results; discrepancies were found between clinical change recorded on standardised measures compared with idiographic ratings. This paper discusses the use of standardised measures of anxiety for individuals with ASC and identifies directions for further research. Key learning aims (1) To appreciate the unique mental health challenges of university students with ASC. (2) To identify psychological interventions that are suitable for individuals with ASC. (3) To consider the value in employing more than one evidence-based cognitive model of anxiety when clients present with co-morbid mental health issues. (4) To question the utility of using standardised outcome measures compared with idiographic measures in therapy.

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Majeed ◽  
Charles Stanfa ◽  
Donna Sudak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy shown to be effective and durable for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric illnesses. It is problem focused and conceptually driven. Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, exposure, and developing good action plans for out-of-session practice are tools that benefit patients for a lifetime. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature that supports the use of CBT, introduce the key elements of the therapeutic approach, and illustrate them with case examples. The structure of the session and the CBT approach to the therapeutic alliance are highlighted in the text.  This review contains 23 tables, and 59 references. Key words: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive restructuring, collaboration, behavioral activation, exposure

scholarly journals Performance anxiety disorder: Developing a proposal for an inventory, according to the cognitive-behavioural therapy rationale

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Varvatsoulias
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
External Shame ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Future

This editorial aims at the presentation of a proposal regarding an inventory about performance anxiety disorder in a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) framework. It provides some initial understanding as to that condition and how CBT could assist in the consideration of it counter to social anxiety disorder. At first, there is an introduction to performance anxiety in line to social anxiety/phobia and some questionnaires that have been developed which include performance anxiety as an element of social anxiety/phobia. Then, I am presenting the proposal, both in view to the rationale for that and the construction of an inventory with items drawn from elements that performance anxiety is related with, such as uneasiness about worry, self-focus issues of perfectionism and internal/external shame ideas. The statements in the inventory refer to hypothetical examples in life so inventory to be easily responded to, when administered to participants. This proposal closes with the conclusion that the questionnaire will be pilot-studied in the future by the author so the feasibility of it and/or possible changes to be considered when empirically studied.

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility evaluation of the individual vs. group transdiagnostic psychological treatment for emotional disorders in Primary Care (PsicAP-Costs) v2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Aguilera-Martin ◽  
Mario Gálvez-Lara ◽  
Fátima Cuadrado ◽  
Eliana Moreno ◽  
Francisco García-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Utility Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study is to compare, in cost-effectiveness and cost-utility terms, a brief transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy in two different modes, individual and group, with the treatment usually administered in primary care (TAU). Participants between 18 and 65 years old and with, according to the pretreatment evaluation, mild to moderate emotional disorders will be randomly allocated to the three clusters. They will be assessed again immediately after treatment and 6 and 12 months later. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04847310

Psychotherapy and refugees

2021 ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Francesca Brady ◽  
Cornelius Katona ◽  
Eileen Walsh ◽  
Katy Robjant
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Narrative Exposure Therapy ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Post Traumatic

This chapter explores effective psychotherapeutic interventions for treating post-traumatic stress disorder in adult vulnerable migrants, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and narrative exposure therapy. An overview of the evidence for these treatments is discussed, as well as how these can be implemented effectively for vulnerable migrants who face ongoing instability and uncertainty, as well as multiple barriers to accessing appropriate treatment. The additional needs of vulnerable migrants are therefore also highlighted. The chapter proposes that to assist individuals effectively in recovering from their traumatic experiences, support must be offered to address these needs, alongside any psychological treatment. A service case example is presented to highlight how an integrated model of care can most effectively meet the needs of vulnerable migrants.

Spiritually integrated psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Marianna de Abreu Costa ◽  
David H. Rosmarin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Integrated Psychotherapy ◽  
Motivation For Treatment

There is growing recognition that it is important to understand how spirituality is related to mental health and distress, and how it can be integrated into psychotherapy. Spiritually integrated psychotherapy (SIP) involves the adaptation of secular psychotherapies in order to be more culturally sensitive and client-centred to spiritually and religiously inclined clients. Literature shows that SIPs are at least as effective as conventional psychotherapy for treating different mental disorders, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most widely investigated clinical modality that has been adapted to include spiritual content. The objective of this chapter is to describe the adaptation of traditional CBT techniques by integrating spirituality to enhance cognitive restructuring, behavioural activation, coping, psychoeducation, and to facilitate greater motivation for treatment. Several practical examples are given, including the use of meditation and prayer in the treatment process.

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