Traditional medicinal knowledge, recognition and regulation

World Health ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

As a number of global legal and political institutions grapple with ways to recognize and integrate TMK into their institutional frameworks, how traditional practices are 'recognized', and what work 'recognition's being asked to do become key questions. Three international frameworks that play a key role in recognizing TMK in the international arena are the Convention on Biological Diversity, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Health Organization. By examining the way in which these three bodies have recognized and integrated TMK into their respective regimes, while and drawing on the scholarship of anthropologists, critical legal scholars, intellectual property experts and legal and policy literature, I will argue that the recognition of TMK in the international legal and political arena has led to the creation of complex legal and political spaces where recognizing traditional medicinal knowledge has fragmented it, siphoning off the social, cultural and spiritual aspects of it that remain incompatible with the current neoliberal paradigms. Simultaneously, recognition and integration have been used to co-opt traditional knowledge in order to extend governance regimes that integrate TMK and its holders without challenging the basic, outdated and highly unequal and unethical power relations on discourses of recognition are based.

Traditional medicinal knowledge, recognition and regulation

10.32920/ryerson.14648451.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Aylwin

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

World Health ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Asian Borderlands and the Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions

Modern Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0026749x12000443 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1403-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CHRISTOPH ANTONS

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

United Nations ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Cultural Property ◽

Nuanced Understanding

AbstractTraditional knowledge related to biodiversity, agriculture, medicine and artistic expressions has recently attracted much interest amongst policy makers, legal academics and social scientists. Several United Nations organizations, such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity under the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), have been working on international models for the protection of such knowledge held by local and indigenous communities. Relevant national, regional or provincial level legislation comes in the form of intellectual property laws and laws related to health, heritage or environmental protection. In practice, however, it has proven difficult to agree on definitions of the subject matter, to delineate local communities and territories holding the knowledge, and to clearly identify the subjects and beneficiaries of the protection. In fact, claims to ‘cultural property’ and heritage have led to conflicts and tensions between communities, regions and nations. This paper will use Southeast Asian examples and case studies to show the importance of concepts such as Zomia, ‘regions of refuge’ and mandala as well as ‘borderlands’ studies to avoid essentialized notions of communities and cultures in order to develop a nuanced understanding of the difficulties for national and international lawmaking in this field. It will also develop a few suggestions on how conflicts and tensions could be avoided or ameliorated.

How to Help Children and Adolescents with Austism SprectrumDisorder during Covid-19 Pandemic

Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience ◽

10.47485/2693-2490.1024 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Social Communication ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

World Health ◽

Behavioral Strategies ◽

Daily Lives ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

The Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) are distinguished by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Coronaviruses are an extremely common cause of colds and other upper respiratory infections. COVID-19, short for “coronavirus disease 2019”. The fast spread of the virus that causes COVID-19 has sparked alarm worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. Most of the countries around the world are adopting social distancing to slow the spread of coronavirus. There are several possible impacts of this pandemic on the daily lives of individuals with ASD, such as worsening of dysfunctional behaviors and regression of skills already acquired in different domains of development due to the social isolation. The objective of this article is to provide guidance to parents, health and education professionals that live or work with ASD individuals during the social isolation, on how to manage interventions that can be executed in the home environment, like remote training in language and social communication skills, behavioral strategies and sensory integration activities

IR 4.0 TECHNOLOGY: JEWEL IN PANDEMIC ERA

International Journal of Law, Government and Communication ◽

10.35631/ijlgc.5210019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (21) ◽

pp. 240-247

Author(s):

Ahmad Shamsul Abd Aziz ◽

Nor Azlina Mohd Noor ◽

Khadijah Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Intellectual Property ◽

Crisis Management ◽

World Health ◽

Human Communication ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Realistic Approach ◽

Library Research ◽

The World ◽

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak around the world had forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID 19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Crisis management for COVID 19 requires an integrated and realistic approach, and a focus on technology can assist matters to become more efficient. Although IR 4.0 technology is widely used in dealing with pandemic crises, the relevant laws relating to intellectual property laws, especially copyrights and patents with this technology must continue to be protected. This article discusses IR 4.0 technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain as applied in the era of pandemics and intellectual property protection associated with this technology. For this purpose, this article applies library research methodology by analyzing primary and secondary sources. This article concludes that IR 4.0 technology such as artificial intelligence and blockchain is seen as jewels in the era of pandemics because as with the use of this technology, human communication can be reduced. In addition, this technology can also reduce dependence on manpower. Improvements to intellectual property laws can be done in providing more protection against this IR 4.0 technology.

Power Relations in the Traditional Knowledge Debate: A Critical Analysis of Forums

International Journal of Cultural Property ◽

10.1017/s0940739111000130 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 143-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Kamau Maina

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Policy Outcomes ◽

United Nations General ◽

The World ◽

International Decade

AbstractAn ongoing debate on the protection of traditional knowledge was prompted by the United Nations General Assembly declaration of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples in 1995 and the declaration of the Second International Decade in 2004. These two declarations challenged governments and the international community to address, nationally and internationally, issues that affect indigenous communities. One such issue is the protection of traditional knowledge. The three key international multilateral forums that are debating traditional knowledge issues are the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Using a political economy framework, this study analyzes the policymaking processes and mandates of the three multilateral forums in order to highlight stakeholders' levels of involvement in these processes. The study found that the multilateral forums' power structures, mandates, and decision-making processes disadvantage indigenous peoples and hinder their full participation in the forums' processes. The study recommends establishing a forum that would take into account indigenous peoples' worldviews; otherwise policy outcomes from these discussions will probably disadvantage indigenous peoples.

Social Distancing Perspektif Tasawuf Sebagai Konsep Perbaikan Diri di Era New Normal (Studi Pemikiran Al-Ghazali)

ESOTERIK ◽

10.21043/esoterik.v6i2.7900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Abdullah Abdullah

Keyword(s):

World Health ◽

Basic Difference ◽

New Normal ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Religious Doctrine ◽

Processing Data ◽

Library Research ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">The religion approach in realizing the new normal scenario in the pandemic era is urgent considering that religious doctrine is easier to accept and obey. So that it can be an effective step to prevent transmission. This research is qualitative research. This type of research is library research. The data collection method is done by reading and taking notes and processing data related to the social distancing perspective of Al-Ghazali's works of Sufism. This study found similarities between the social distancing perspective of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the social distancing perspective of Al-Ghazali's Sufism. This similarity is at least in two ways, first both emphasize the importance of maintaining distance from others, the second in the realm of strategy. The basic difference is in the realm of goals. The existence of this equation causes social distancing in the new normal era, the perspective of Sufism is important to offer and deserve to be published. and other things that underlie are two things, first, so that social distancing is not only maintaining immunity but also maintaining faith. The two social interaction strategies originating from religious doctrine will be easier to comply with given the ineffectiveness of government advice in implementing social distancing. Efforts to maintain one's consistency in implementing social distancing, there are three things that need to be considered, first to keep busy with positive things at home, second always to remember the dangers of interacting with the general public, third to minimize dependence on other people.</p>

The Challenge of Forecasting Demand of Medical Resources and Supplies During a Pandemic: A Comparative Evaluation of Three Surge Calculators for COVID-19

10.1101/2020.09.29.20204172 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amina A. Kamar ◽

Noel Maalouf ◽

Eveline Hitti ◽

Ghada El Eid ◽

Hussain A Ismaeel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

World Health ◽

Medical Resources ◽

Social Distancing ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Ever since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, there has been a public health debate concerning medical resources and supplies including hospital beds, intensive care units (ICU), ventilators, and Protective Personal Equipment (PPE). Forecasting COVID-19 dissemination has played a key role in informing healthcare professionals and governments on how to manage overburdened healthcare systems. However, forecasting during the pandemic remained challenging and sometimes highly controversial. Here, we highlight this challenge by performing a comparative evaluation for the estimations obtained from three COVID-19 surge calculators under different social distancing approaches, taking Lebanon as a case study. Despite discrepancies in estimations, the three surge calculators used herein agree that there will be a relative shortage in the capacity of medical resources and a significant surge in PPE demand as the social distancing policy is removed. Our results underscore the importance of implementing containment interventions including social distancing in alleviating the demand for medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the absence of any medication or vaccine. It is said that ″All models are wrong, but some are useful″, in this paper we highlight that it is even more useful to employ several models.

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS

Vectors of Social Sciences ◽

10.51895/vss2/kekelia/kereselidze/shanava ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madona Kekelia ◽

Eliso Kereselidze ◽

Ina Shanava

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

World Health ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Difficult Situation ◽

Policies And Measures ◽

The Social ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World ◽

Mental Wellness ◽

The disease COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, and, due to its high degree of virulence, it has spread rapidly around the world ever since. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization descried the situation as a pandemic, and in March 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Georgia. To limit the spread of the virus “lockdown” was ordered and, except in emergencies, the population was restricted from leaving home, the learning process in educational institutions was suspended, and all sorts of gatherings and public transport were put off. In these circumstances, as well as the risks associated with deteriorating health and economic problems, students also found themselves in a difficult situation in terms of getting access to education, caused by the transition to distance learning. The social category of students is characterized by an active lifestyle, a wide range of relationships and contacts. In consequence of the social distancing policies and measures implemented across the country to slow the spread of the virus, the reduction in contacts has given rise to feelings of loneliness and depression. The entire situation is likely to negatively affect the psychological well-being of students. It has been proven that high levels of stress among students are associated with low mental wellness, which in turn, may lead to poor academic performance and the emergence of social and psychological problems. Based on the abovestated, the aim of the present paper was to establish a link between the indicators of loneliness, depression and psychological well-being with students in the context of constraints caused by the COVID pandemic. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) were used for the purpose. Analysis of the results revealed that depression, anxiety and loneliness have a negative bearing on psychological well-being. The differences were analyzed in obedience to demographic characteristics.

Panel 2.7: First 30 Days: Organizing Rapid Responses

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00003022 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 420-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Natacha Emerson ◽

Arturo Pesigan ◽

Lita Sarana ◽

Nenette Motus ◽

Dan Buriak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Rapid Response ◽

World Health ◽

Tsunami Disaster ◽

Rapid Responses ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.7, First 30 Days: Organizing Rapid Response of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed inc included issues related to organizingrapid responses as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the created Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) issues; (2) key questions; and (3) recommendations.

Panel 2.5: Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00003009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 412-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agostino Borra ◽

Luis Jorge Perez ◽

Tin Min ◽

Wilai Puavilai ◽

Norimasa Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Mass Casualty ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

World Health ◽

Tsunami Disaster ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Conclusion Section ◽

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.5, Mass-Casualty Management and Hospital Care of the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to mass-casualty management and hospital care as pertain to the responses to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: wing (1) key questions; (2) recommendations; and (3) conclusions. Subsections of the conclusion section include: (1) lessons learned; (2) what was done well?; and (3) what could have been done better?.