“Good” Evidence: A Critical Lens on Representations of Development and the Developing World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jean Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Alternative Representation ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Charity Fundraising ◽  
Visual Racism

The ethics of conventional representations of the developing world in charity fundraising and photojournalism have been increasingly questioned. Van Leeuwen‘s (2000) social semiotic model of analysis of visual racism, applied to a famine image, reveals strategies for symbolically representing otherness that perpetuate a naturalized "Western rescuer/developing world victim" narrative. Respondent interviews demonstrate that such "poverty porn" produces viewer apathy, while an alternative representation depicting self-determination evokes a charitable response. Elliott‘s (2003) ethical framework is used to judge the harm of conventional representations. The results, while tentative, suggest worth in expanding the study in light of implications for represented persons, the viewer, and Canadian society. In the meantime, image producers and distributors must become visually literate to avoid using harmful images.

scholarly journals "Good" evidence: a critical lens on representations of development and the developing world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jean Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Alternative Representation ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Charity Fundraising ◽  
Visual Racism

The ethics of conventional representations of the developing world in charity fundraising and photojournalism have been increasingly questioned. Van Leeuwen‘s (2000) social semiotic model of analysis of visual racism, applied to a famine image, reveals strategies for symbolically representing otherness that perpetuate a naturalized ― "Western rescuer/developing world victim" narrative. Respondent interviews demonstrate that such ― "poverty porn" produces viewer apathy, while an alternative representation depicting self-determination evokes a charitable response. Elliott‘s (2003) ethical framework is used to judge the harm of conventional representations. The results, while tentative, suggest worth in expanding the study in light of implications for represented persons, the viewer, and Canadian society. In the meantime, image producers and distributors must become visually literate to avoid using harmful images.

scholarly journals "Good" evidence: a critical lens on representations of development and the developing world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jean Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Alternative Representation ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Charity Fundraising ◽  
Visual Racism

The ethics of conventional representations of the developing world in charity fundraising and photojournalism have been increasingly questioned. Van Leeuwen‘s (2000) social semiotic model of analysis of visual racism, applied to a famine image, reveals strategies for symbolically representing otherness that perpetuate a naturalized ― "Western rescuer/developing world victim" narrative. Respondent interviews demonstrate that such ― "poverty porn" produces viewer apathy, while an alternative representation depicting self-determination evokes a charitable response. Elliott‘s (2003) ethical framework is used to judge the harm of conventional representations. The results, while tentative, suggest worth in expanding the study in light of implications for represented persons, the viewer, and Canadian society. In the meantime, image producers and distributors must become visually literate to avoid using harmful images.

scholarly journals “Good” Evidence: A Critical Lens on Representations of Development and the Developing World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jean Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Alternative Representation ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Charity Fundraising ◽  
Visual Racism

The ethics of conventional representations of the developing world in charity fundraising and photojournalism have been increasingly questioned. Van Leeuwen‘s (2000) social semiotic model of analysis of visual racism, applied to a famine image, reveals strategies for symbolically representing otherness that perpetuate a naturalized "Western rescuer/developing world victim" narrative. Respondent interviews demonstrate that such "poverty porn" produces viewer apathy, while an alternative representation depicting self-determination evokes a charitable response. Elliott‘s (2003) ethical framework is used to judge the harm of conventional representations. The results, while tentative, suggest worth in expanding the study in light of implications for represented persons, the viewer, and Canadian society. In the meantime, image producers and distributors must become visually literate to avoid using harmful images.

scholarly journals Service Navigators in the Workforce: an ethical framework for practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. i36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Donovan ◽  
Ralph Hampson ◽  
Marie Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Knowledge Framework ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Action Process

Aim and Context: This paper explores the current growth of service navigators in complex health and human services and details the development of the Service Navigation Relational Autonomy Framework as a guide to assist practitioners and managers implementing this role.  Approach: The framework was developed using a research into action process. The three-stage process included knowledge inquiry: bringing together existing knowledge in practice fields and research; knowledge synthesis:debate and exchange of practitioner insights and messages from research; and knowledge framework: framework creation based on the key elements of evidence-informed best practice. Main findings: The framework centres on four practice domains: reinforcing ethical practices; fostering self-determination; supporting transitions and wellbeing; and mobilising service systems. It incorporates the concept of relational autonomy as a foundation for navigator practice by recognising the nature of relationships and power dynamics in the provision of care, and the central importance of self-determination. Conclusions: A navigation framework is critical for practice guidance and to ensure service navigators and organisations have the capacity to meet the needs of service users and their families. The framework presented in this paper seeks to encourage debate about service navigation, its implementation, and its future in health and human service organisations.

The Global Expansion of Precarious Employment, Work Disorganization, and Consequences for Occupational Health: Placing the Debate in a Comparative Historical Context

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Quinlan ◽  
Claire Mayhew ◽  
Philip Bohle
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Contingent Work ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Two Phases

Mounting research evidence suggests that the shift to contingent work arrangements in industrialized countries is having serious adverse effects on the health of workers, both directly and indirectly (by undermining regulatory and other protections). The authors place this research, and the issues surrounding it, in a comparative historical context. Extensive use of precarious employment is not essentially new. It was a characteristic feature of most if not all industrialized societies in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Though the two phases are not identical, historical comparisons are instructive for understanding recent experiences and ways of addressing them. The authors also make comparisons with the developing world, where the informal sector typically accounts for over half the workforce. Such comparisons are instructive in indicating the consequences of a shift to more precarious patterns of employment and disorganized work settings. There is also good evidence that precarious employment is expanding in the developing world. The growing precarious employment in both industrialized and developing countries is interconnected, and the authors identify a number of the mechanisms affecting workers' health.

scholarly journals TAKING THE ROAD LESS TRAVELLED: Indigenous Self-Determination and Participation in Canadian Institutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Woons
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
The Road ◽  
Indigenous Representation

Despite ever-increasing pressure for Indigenous self-determination, Canadian society continues to resist its implications.  Describing the conflict as a clash of two fundamentally incompatible paradigms, I create a framework that sheds light on the inner workings of paradigmatic political change.  With the goal of self-determination clearly at the centre, this article studies whether such a direct constitutional challenge can be supplemented by indirect approaches.  Two types of indirect approaches are considered: self-government approaches that (temporarily) accept elements of the existing constitutional paradigm and institutional approaches that see Indigenous peoples (temporarily) working within existing rules and institutions.  Rejecting the former outright in the case of Indigenous peoples in Canada, I apply analogous principles from chemistry to help assess the qualities institutional approaches must have to be considered effective political catalysts.  In particular, any successful political catalyst must not compromise self-determination’s goals and must hasten the process through a series of more attainable intermediate changes.  Institutional approaches must also meet a third criterion, which speaks to establishing Indigenous security and trust in the ability of institutional approaches to bring about self-determination.  With these criteria in hand, I suggest that introducing guaranteed Indigenous representation and Indigenizing legislatures can work together as political catalysts that hasten self-determination in ways that Indigenous peoples feel secure pursuing.

scholarly journals Ethics in Mediation: Centralising Relationships of Trust

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Accreditation System ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mediation Practice

Revision of the National Mediator Accreditation System, effective from 1 July 2015, removes the requirement for mediators to demonstrate understanding of neutrality as an ethical competency. The principle of impartiality has been retained and the principle of self-determination has been newly included as an ethical competency. The self-determination of participants, recognised in the original version of the NMAS, has been more clearly articulated as the aim of mediation practice. Abandonment of the principle of neutrality signals a need to reconsider the role of the mediator, which was once identified with control of the process of mediation, though neutral as to its content and outcome. Abandonment of neutrality calls for an alternative frame of reference for ethical practice in mediation. In this paper, the relationship of trust between mediator and parties is proposed as a suitable and defensible alternative ethical framework. It is argued that this relationship can be constructed according to principles associated with fiduciary and therapeutic relationships, in recognition of the distinctive socio-legal context of practice. Abandonment of neutrality also raises issues as to the mediator’s role in achieving fairness for participants. It is argued that relationships of trust provide a convincing framework within which to consider issues of substantive fairness in mediation.

scholarly journals Will Kymlicka’s Idea of Multicultural Citizenship Rights and the Nigeria Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Mark Omorovie Ikeke
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Political Philosopher ◽  
Multicultural Citizenship ◽  
Culturally Disadvantaged

Will Kymlicka is a Canadian political philosopher using his Federal Canadian society as a basis argued for the recognition of minority rights, in what he calls multicultural citizenship. His idea is that the claims to self-determination or autonomy, protection of a distinct cultural language and special representation need to be accommodated. National minorities should not be forced to integrate as this can lead to violence. Without recognizing the group rights of ethnicities, they will be culturally disadvantaged. Using Kymlicka’s idea in an analytical manner, this paper applies his theory to the Nigerian federation. Despite many years of operating so-called federalism, the system is be-devilled by ethnic agitations, violent militancy, youth restiveness, and many other social ills. The paper theorizes that failure to operate a true federal structure that recognizes and fully accommodates minority rights is a key problem responsible for these social ills. Nigeria is a weak and troubled federation where the rights of national minorities are often neglected, suppressed and denied. When it comes to language, the languages of the three dominant groups in terms of population are privileged over others. Representations in both state and federal establishments are often in favour of dominant ethnic groups. The cries for autonomy and restructuring of the federation are often not heeded. The paper argues that accommodating the rights of minorities can help them integrate and foster a sense of equality in a true federation. It also argues that beyond restructuring, ethical leadership is needed to move the federation forward. The paper finds and concludes that some ideas of Kymlicka can help in creating a peaceful and unified federal Nigeria

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