scholarly journals Impact of a compartmentalization and ventilation system retrofit strategy on energy use in high-rise residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Air Tightness ◽  
The Impact

A compartmentalization and in-suite ventilation system (ISVS) retrofit strategy was investigated for an existing high-rise residential building in Vancouver. Computer simulation using EnergyPlus™ was used to examine the impact of the proposed retrofit on heating energy and GHG emissions for the building’s original 1983 condition, and its current condition which incorporates a 2012 enclosure retrofit. Results show annual heating energy decreased by 51% and overall GHG emissions decreased by 29% for the proposed retrofit applied to the building in its current condition. When applied to the building in its original condition, heating energy decreased by 49% and overall GHG emissions decreased by 21%. The main benefit of the proposed retrofit, however, is improved effectiveness of the mechanical ventilation system. Because building enclosure air-tightness improvements can negatively impact air distribution in buildings with pressurized corridor ventilation systems, the proposed retrofit should be applied in combination with, or before, an enclosure retrofit.

scholarly journals Impact of a compartmentalization and ventilation system retrofit strategy on energy use in high-rise residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Air Tightness ◽  
The Impact

A compartmentalization and in-suite ventilation system (ISVS) retrofit strategy was investigated for an existing high-rise residential building in Vancouver. Computer simulation using EnergyPlus™ was used to examine the impact of the proposed retrofit on heating energy and GHG emissions for the building’s original 1983 condition, and its current condition which incorporates a 2012 enclosure retrofit. Results show annual heating energy decreased by 51% and overall GHG emissions decreased by 29% for the proposed retrofit applied to the building in its current condition. When applied to the building in its original condition, heating energy decreased by 49% and overall GHG emissions decreased by 21%. The main benefit of the proposed retrofit, however, is improved effectiveness of the mechanical ventilation system. Because building enclosure air-tightness improvements can negatively impact air distribution in buildings with pressurized corridor ventilation systems, the proposed retrofit should be applied in combination with, or before, an enclosure retrofit.

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multi-Unit Residential Building – Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate

A humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation system is known for many years. It has been developed and commonly applied in regions with an oceanic climate. Some attempts were made to introduce this solution in Poland in a much severe continental climate. The article evaluates this system's performance and energy consumption applied in an 8-floor multi-unit residential building, virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency NAPE, Poland. The simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole hating season for Warsaw's climate. Besides passive stack ventilation that worked as a reference, two versions of humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation were checked. The difference between them lies in applying the additional roof fans that convert the system to hybrid. The study confirmed that the application of demand-controlled ventilation in multi-unit residential buildings in a continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) leads to significant energy savings. However, the efforts to ensure acceptable indoor air quality require hybrid ventilation, which reduces the energy benefits. It is especially visible when primary energy use is analyzed.

scholarly journals The impact of window-related thermal bridging on energy use in MURB retrofits using 2-d heat transfer modelling for full window thermal bridge analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Coburn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Post War ◽  
Frame Insulation ◽  
The Impact

There is significant in the GTA for GHG emissions reduction through energy retrofit measures of the more than 2000 post-war multi-unit residential buildings. Overcladding is an effective energy reduction strategy; however, it is crucial to properly detail window installation to avoid thermal bridging in a retrofit situation, as there may be excessive heat loss and condensation at this junction. This paper examines the thermal bridging potential at the window-wall interface in an EIFS overcladding retrofit scenario for a typical MURB retrofit. The research used the software THERM to compare influence of three typical window-wall interface on the energy performance of the window and wall. The analysis examined the position of the window within the frame, insulation placement around the window perimeter. It was found that window placement within the wall section and detailing at the opening do significantly affect the wall’s overall thermal performance, determining that design improvement should be considered and quantified in retrofit energy reduction strategies.

scholarly journals The impact of window-related thermal bridging on energy use in MURB retrofits using 2-d heat transfer modelling for full window thermal bridge analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Coburn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Thermal Bridging ◽  
Post War ◽  
Frame Insulation ◽  
The Impact

There is significant in the GTA for GHG emissions reduction through energy retrofit measures of the more than 2000 post-war multi-unit residential buildings. Overcladding is an effective energy reduction strategy; however, it is crucial to properly detail window installation to avoid thermal bridging in a retrofit situation, as there may be excessive heat loss and condensation at this junction. This paper examines the thermal bridging potential at the window-wall interface in an EIFS overcladding retrofit scenario for a typical MURB retrofit. The research used the software THERM to compare influence of three typical window-wall interface on the energy performance of the window and wall. The analysis examined the position of the window within the frame, insulation placement around the window perimeter. It was found that window placement within the wall section and detailing at the opening do significantly affect the wall’s overall thermal performance, determining that design improvement should be considered and quantified in retrofit energy reduction strategies.

The impact of design ventilation rates on the indoor air quality in residential buildings: An Italian case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Moschetti ◽  
Salvatore Carlucci
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
The Impact

The paper investigates the effects on building indoor air quality (IAQ) resulting from the choice of different design ventilation rates. A reference residential building was analysed by means of the multizone modelling software CONTAM, by monitoring the concentration of two pollutants: occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) from indoor sources. A demand-controlled ventilation strategy based on building occupancy was implemented and users' presence schedules were defined. Specifically, the evolution of indoor pollutant concentrations was investigated when the design ventilation rates, recommended by two IAQ-related standards (the Italian UNI 10339 and the European EN 15251), were implemented through a mechanical ventilation system. Different results regarding the IAQ level were achieved accordingly to the dissimilar ventilation rates. After a statistical analysis on the distributions of CO2 and TVOC concentrations, EN 15251 outcomes showed overall better results of the analysed statistical metrics, i.e. prevalence, sensitivity and accuracy. Indeed, the EN 15251 design airflows led to indoor conditions that were more often classified either in the correct air quality class or in a higher class. Finally, a better alignment between the national and European IAQ standards is recommended, especially in terms of airflows, air quality classes and pollutant limit values.

The Impact of High-Rise Residential Building Design Parameters on the Thermal and Energy Performance: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Lobna Elgheriani ◽  
Brian Cody
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, high-rise buildings are developing very fast to cater to the increase in demand in major urban cities. This phenomenon has contributed to several environmental problems in both construction and operation. High-rise buildings design parameters seem to lack contextual environmental consideration. Evaluating the impact of such design parameters is a practical approach to enhance the overall energy and thermal performance. Existing research gaps are distinguished based on this review. Future research directions are also proposed through a methodological scheme to investigate comparatively, the effects of different geometric factors on both thermal and energy performance, specifically in the high-rise residential buildings with consideration to different climatic regions. Keywords: Energy Performance; Thermal Performance; High-rise Buildings; High-rise Residential BuildingseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1717

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint Reduction through Residential Building Stock Retrofit: A Metro Melbourne Suburb Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6550
Author(s):  
Seongwon Seo ◽  
Greg Foliente
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Building Stock

Since existing residential buildings are a significant global contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, any serious effort to reduce the actual energy and carbon emissions of the building sector should explicitly address the carbon mitigation challenges and opportunities in the building stock. This research investigates environmentally and economically sustainable retrofit methods to reduce the carbon footprint of existing residential buildings in the City of Greater Dandenong as a case study in Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. By categorizing energy use into various building age brackets and dwelling types that align with changes in energy regulations, we identified various retrofit prototypes to achieve a targeted 6.5-star and 8-star energy efficiency rating (out of a maximum 10-star rating system). The corresponding operational energy savings through different retrofit options are examined while also considering the quantity of materials required for each option, along with their embodied energy and GHG emissions, thus allowing a more comprehensive lifecycle carbon analysis and exploration of their financial and environmental payback times. Results show that when buildings are upgraded with a combination of insulation and double-glazed windows, the environmental benefits rise faster than the financial benefits over a dwelling’s lifecycle. The size or percentage of a particular dwelling type within the building stock and the remaining lifecycle period are found to be the most important factors influencing the payback periods. Retrofitting the older single detached dwellings shows the greatest potential for lifecycle energy and carbon savings in the case suburb. These findings provide households, industry and governments some guidance on how to contribute most effectively to reduce the carbon footprint of the residential building sector.

scholarly journals A preliminary scenario analysis of the impacts of teleworking on energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
Farzam Kharvari ◽  
Sara Azimi ◽  
William O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper uses scenario analysis to investigate the broader impact of teleworking in four scenarios including the COVID-19 pandemic, worst-, moderate-, and best-case scenarios on building-level energy use, energy consumption in transportation, and information and communication technology (ICT) usage by using the databases of the Government of Canada. The COVID-19 scenario relies on the available data for the pandemic period. The worst-case scenario is when telework has an adverse effect on energy use while the moderate-and best-case scenarios are when the minimum and maximum savings are achieved by telework. The data includes commuting distances, electricity and natural gas consumption for offices and residential buildings, and ICT usage. Then, the associated GHG emissions are calculated for transportation, residential and office buildings, and ICT and the analysis are carried out by applying a potential fraction of saving to the associated GHG emissions of each domain and scenario. This paper demonstrates the potential energy savings of teleworking significantly depends on teleworker behavior to a degree that in the worst-case scenario no potential saving is observed while the savings are significant in the best-case scenario. Therefore, the impact of telework is highly uncertain and complicated and current statistics are insufficient for accurate estimates.

Assessing the effect of night ventilation on PCM performance in high-rise residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soudian ◽  
Umberto Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Solidification Rate ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
Night Ventilation ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the possibility to enhance the use of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) as an energy retrofit measure by night ventilation strategies. For this scope, phase change materials (PCMs) are integrated into wall and ceiling surfaces of high-rise residential buildings with highly glazed facades that experience high indoor diurnal temperatures. In particular, this article investigates the effect of night ventilation on the performance of the PCMs, namely, the daily discharge of the thermal energy stored by PCMs. Following previous experimental tests that have shown the efficacy of LHTES in temperate climates, a system comprising two PCM layers with melting temperatures selected for a year-around LHTES was considered. To quantify the effectiveness of different night ventilation strategies to enhance the potential of this composite PCM system, simulations in EnergyPlusTM were performed. The ventilation flow rate, set point temperature, and operation period were the main tested parameters. The performance of the PCMs in relation to the variables was evaluated based on indoor operative temperature and cooling energy use variations in Toronto and New York in the summer. The solidification of the PCMs was analyzed based on the amount of night ventilation needed in each climate condition. The results quantify the positive impact of combining PCMs with night ventilation on cooling energy reductions and operative temperature regulation of the following days. In particular, the results indicate higher benefits obtainable with PCMs coupled with night ventilation in the context of Toronto, since this city experiences higher daily temperature fluctuations. The impact of night ventilation design variables on the solidification rate of the PCMs varied based on each parameter leading to different compromises based on the PCM and climate characteristics.

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