scholarly journals Thermal performance of exterior roof level amenity space in a cold climate - a quantitative guidance tool for landscape design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alfred Jesse Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Ultimate Condition ◽  
Manual Calculation ◽  
Line Condition

There are no known studies to quantify the effects of amenity space landscape structures located over habitable space as related to thermal performance. There are three main objectives for investigation in this MRP; Objective 1 – Thermal analysis of on-slab wall types, Objective 2 (O2) – Thermal analysis of example amenity space using results from O1, and Objective 3 (O3) – Recommended details that ‘work’ thermally and functionally. A quantitative methodology was utilized using 1D manual calculation (Glaser method) and 2D computer simulation (THERM) to study three CIP concrete wall conditions and variations which include; 1.0) base line condition, 2.0) modified condition, and 3.0) ultimate condition. Simulation results of O1 indicated that design of landscape walls could improve thermal performance by 55%, O2 found that there was an improvement of 60.5% between the worst and best performing conditions, and O3 recommended two wall variations to be utilized in landscape design which perform thermally and functionally. Keywords Thermal bridges, condominiums, MURBS, amenity space, landscape design, green roof, THERM

scholarly journals Thermal performance of exterior roof level amenity space in a cold climate - a quantitative guidance tool for landscape design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alfred Jesse Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Ultimate Condition ◽  
Manual Calculation ◽  
Line Condition

There are no known studies to quantify the effects of amenity space landscape structures located over habitable space as related to thermal performance. There are three main objectives for investigation in this MRP; Objective 1 – Thermal analysis of on-slab wall types, Objective 2 (O2) – Thermal analysis of example amenity space using results from O1, and Objective 3 (O3) – Recommended details that ‘work’ thermally and functionally. A quantitative methodology was utilized using 1D manual calculation (Glaser method) and 2D computer simulation (THERM) to study three CIP concrete wall conditions and variations which include; 1.0) base line condition, 2.0) modified condition, and 3.0) ultimate condition. Simulation results of O1 indicated that design of landscape walls could improve thermal performance by 55%, O2 found that there was an improvement of 60.5% between the worst and best performing conditions, and O3 recommended two wall variations to be utilized in landscape design which perform thermally and functionally. Keywords Thermal bridges, condominiums, MURBS, amenity space, landscape design, green roof, THERM

Do word learners ignore ignorant speakers?

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK A. SABBAGH ◽  
SYLWIA D. WDOWIAK ◽  
JENNIFER M. OTTAWAY
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Base Line ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Knowledge States ◽  
Children First ◽  
Line Condition

Thirty-six three- to four-year-old children were tested to assess whether hearing a word-referent link from an ignorant speaker affected children's abilities to subsequently link the same word with an alternative referent offered by another speaker. In the principal experimental conditions, children first heard either an ignorant or a knowledgeable speaker link a novel word with one of three toys. The first speaker's labelling episode was followed by a second in which a different speaker used the same novel label but for a different toy. There was also a Base-line condition which was the same as the experimental condition involving the ignorant speaker except that she did not associate the novel label with a referent. When tested for comprehension of the novel label, children selected the FIRST speaker's toy at high levels when the first speaker was knowledgeable, but selected the SECOND speaker's toy when the first speaker was ignorant. These findings suggest that children's experience with the ignorant speaker did not affect their abilities to learn a subsequently presented alternative word-referent link. These findings are discussed in terms of understanding the mechanisms by which children adapt their word-learning in line with speakers' knowledge states.

Structure Design for Heat Sink Based on Thermal Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 767-773
Author(s):  
Hai Gang Sun ◽  
Yong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Igbt Module ◽  
Key Factor

Thermal design and the working temperature control have been a key factor in the design of electronic devices and system. In this paper, a sort of heat sink collocated with high-power IGBT module, which is commonly used in car-carrying motor control system, is designed based on thermal analysis by means of CFD simulation and computer-aided analyzing, also the influence relations of structure parameters with thermal performance are studied. With thermal control as the overall design objective, structure parameters of heat sink are determined according to the obtained relations. Further, thermal performance of the designed heat sink is simulated and analyzed in CFD software to examine the validity of the design result. In this way, a method of thermal analyzing and structure parameter design for heat sink, which is proved as an efficacious approach, is introduced and can be used to thermal design and analysis for similar products.

Thermal Analysis and Design Applications of the Spiral Groove Tubes in Condensers

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1705-1708
Author(s):  
Xiao Lu Wang ◽  
Da Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Spiral Groove ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Grooved Tube ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

In this paper, condensation mechanism of the Freon refrigerants outside spiral grooved tube is discussed. The heat transfer coefficient of Freon refrigerants condensation outside spiral grooved tube is obtained. A calculation example of heat transfer coefficient on the tube bundle of condenser with baffle bars is presented. It shows the excellent thermal performance of the spiral groove tubes compared to smooth tubes.

Thermal performance of four sunspaces in a cold climate

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Schoenau ◽  
Allan J. Lumbis ◽  
Robert W. Besant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Cold Climate

scholarly journals Investigation of the impacts of design parameters on thermal performance of buildings in cold climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Rashid Gaitov ◽  
Serik Tokbolat ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Mohamad Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Simple Simulation

While design optimization of buildings seeks to improve energy efficiency and, thus, leads to greenhouse gas emissions reduction, the thermal performance of buildings can be compromised. Thermal performance is an important aspect as it directly affects the health and well-being of occupants. This study aims to investigate using a simple simulation tool to examine the correlation between a set of building physical design parameters such as orientation, shading and shape, optimization of which helps to make a positive impact on the thermal performance of the building in a cold climate zone. The thermal performance simulation tool Passive Design Assistant (PDA) was used to build a simulation model and test the interdependence between the design parameters and thermal performance. The results indicate that modifications of building’s parameters such as orientation and shape or the addition of shadings lead to improvements of the internal thermal temperature, heat gain and loss, hence the optimal parameters should prevail. A case study for cold climate is analyzed, in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, the optimal orientation for the squared building is 30° from East to South (building rotated 120°) and the optimal building’s shape is rectangular, which attracts up to 2.6 times higher solar gains than the square one. Moreover, the use of shadings can regulate the internal temperature of the building by 2 °C. General recommendations based on the findings are made and could be considered in the earlier stage of building design and construction processes.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of a Double Glazed Window with a Between-Panes Pleated Blind

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasesh Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Number Range ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
U Value ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
The Impact

A simplified two-dimensional numerical model of a window with a between-panes pleated blind has been developed using commercial computational fluid dynamics software. Knowledge of the effect of blinds on the free convection is important for understanding and predicting the impact of shading devices on the overall thermal performance of a window. Numerical results have been obtained for three fill gases (air, argon and krypton) and several blind geometries over the Rayleigh number range 10³ [less than or equal to]Ra[less than or equal to]10[to the exponent of 5]. The results show that pleated blinds can have a strong effect on window thermal performance. In addition, it has been shown that the data from a convection-only model can be combined with a simplified one-dimensional model to estimate the overall U-value of the enclosure. Using this procedure, the convection data can be applied to a window/blind assembly with arbitrary radiation parameters.

Analysis on Exterior Wall Conformation of Low-Rise Light Steel Structure Residence Based on Thermal Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Jun Lu ◽  
Ling Ling Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Better Than

Light steel structure residence is an optimum selection for the realization of building energy-saving and meeting of green building evaluation standards. Two kinds of system of light steel structure are analyzed and construction method for lightweight combination wall and infilled outer walls of low-rise light steel are summed up. Analysis on exterior wall conformation in low-rise light steel structure is put forward. Results indicate that special construct of light steel structure is equivalent to set closed air space, and thermal performance of infilled external wall of light steel structure is superior to that of traditional structure. And thermal performance of using aerated concrete wall panels as filled outer wall of light steel structure is better than that of aerated concrete blocks and thermal stability of filled external wall of light steel structure is better than lightweight combination external wall. The conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for building energy-saving in light steel structure residence and optimal design of residential environment.

scholarly journals Oxidative and Glycolytic Recovery Metabolism in Muscle

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans F. Jöbsis ◽  
James C. Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Level Sets ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Single Twitch ◽  
Area Under This Curve ◽  
Line Condition

The average degree of reduction of mitochondrial NAD has been measured in the intact toad sartorius by a fluorometric technique. It has been shown that cytoplasmic NADH does not interfere materially with these measurements. The percentage reduction of this respiratory coenzyme has been determined in a number of physiological steady states which are well correlated with fluorometrically determined levels of NADH in suspensions of mitochondria from the hind leg musculature of the toad. In addition, these findings are closely comparable to similar, spectrophotometric measurements on mitochondria from other sources. In the presence of an adequate O2 level a single twitch produces a decrease in fluorescence from the resting steady state which is followed by a slow return to the base line condition. This cycle indicates the intensity and the time course of the oxidative recovery metabolism. The area under this curve is directly related to the number of twitches up to three or four. Greater activity produces a curtailment of oxidative recovery due to glycolysis. In the presence of iodoacetate the linear relation holds for five to seven twitches. At still higher levels of activity a curtailment of the change in NAD level sets in, probably due to the removal of AMP by catabolic reactions.

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