scholarly journals An investigation of fear of the dark in individuals with insomnia disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin H. G. Maich
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Trauma History ◽  
Cognitive Arousal ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Sleep Arousal ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Specific Fear

Past research found that individuals with poor sleep report and physiologically exhibit greater fear of the dark (FOD) than good sleepers (Carney et al., 2013). The presence of FOD in individuals with insomnia disorder (ID) would have important implications to our understanding of ID and its treatment. Thus, the present study compared individuals with ID to good sleepers (N = 50) on objective and subjective FOD, and explored the FOD construct through participant interviews. Contrary to expectations, ID and good sleeper groups did not differ on FOD measures. Cognitive arousal and trauma history were related to reported dark discomfort. For those with ID, experiences in the dark were characterized by greater sleep effort and pre-sleep arousal generally, but not dark-specific fear per se. For those who were fearful of the dark we posit that there may be a trauma-activated pathway to arousal. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals An investigation of fear of the dark in individuals with insomnia disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin H. G. Maich
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Trauma History ◽  
Cognitive Arousal ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Sleep Arousal ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Specific Fear

Past research found that individuals with poor sleep report and physiologically exhibit greater fear of the dark (FOD) than good sleepers (Carney et al., 2013). The presence of FOD in individuals with insomnia disorder (ID) would have important implications to our understanding of ID and its treatment. Thus, the present study compared individuals with ID to good sleepers (N = 50) on objective and subjective FOD, and explored the FOD construct through participant interviews. Contrary to expectations, ID and good sleeper groups did not differ on FOD measures. Cognitive arousal and trauma history were related to reported dark discomfort. For those with ID, experiences in the dark were characterized by greater sleep effort and pre-sleep arousal generally, but not dark-specific fear per se. For those who were fearful of the dark we posit that there may be a trauma-activated pathway to arousal. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

Collaborative Remembering in Dementia: A Focus on Joint Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Christer Hydén ◽  
Mattias Forsblad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Do So ◽  
Dementia Diseases

In this chapter we consider collaborative remembering and joint activates in everyday life in the case of people living with dementia. First, we review past research of practices that scaffolds the participation of persons with dementia in everyday chores under different stages of dementia diseases. We do so by suggesting three analytical types of scaffolding: when the scaffolding practices (i) frame the activity, (ii) guide actions, or (iii) are part of repair activities. Second, we review two aspects of collaborative remembering that are especially important in the case of dementia: training of scaffolding practices, and the sustaining and presentation of identities through collaborative storytelling. Finally, theoretical and methodological tendencies of the research field are summarized and future research needs are formulated.

765 Anxiety and sleep in Generalized Anxiety Disorder with and without Insomnia Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A298-A298
Author(s):  
Augustus Kram Mendelsohn ◽  
Carolina Daffre ◽  
Katelyn Oliver ◽  
Jeehye Seo ◽  
Natasha Lasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Insomnia Disorder

Abstract Introduction Insomnia Disorder (ID) elevates risk of incident anxiety disorders and vice versa. We examined whether ID and poor sleep are associated with greater self-reported anxiety in persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods Twenty-one participants with GAD and ID (GAD+/ID+) having Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ≥ 13 (mean 17.8, SD 3.6) and 14 with GAD but not ID (GAD+/ID-) having ISI scores ≤ 12 (mean 6.4, SD 3.4) completed 14 days of actigraphy and sleep diaries as well as a night of ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) following an acclimation night. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA-T/C, -T/S), the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). Differences in self-reported anxiety (STICSA, ASI, PSWQ) between GAD+/ID+ and GAD+/ID- were analyzed using t-tests. Relationships of anxiety with retrospective (PSQI, FIRST, ISI), longitudinal (actigraphy, diaries) and physiological (PSG) sleep variables were analyzed using simple regression. Results GAD+/ID+ versus GAD+/ID- participants showed trends toward higher anxiety on the PSWQ (p=0.075), ASI (p=0.072) and STICSA-T/S (p=0.078). PSQI scores were positively associated with STICSA-T/S, (R=0.417, p=0.018, N=32). Greater insomnia reactivity (FIRST) was associated with increased worry on the PSWQ (R=0.352, p=0.044, N=33). STICSA-T/C was negatively associated with mean diary (R= -0.440, p=0.015, N=30) and actigraph (R= -0.517, p=0.01, N=24) total sleep time (TST). Actigraph mean TST trended toward lower PSWQ (R= -0.376, p=0.058, N=26) while actigraph mean sleep efficiency (SE) trended toward lesser STICSA-T/C (R= -0.397, p=0.058). Greater REM% was associated with greater STICSA-T/C (R=0.613, p=0.0005, N=28) and STICSA-T/S (R=0.516, p=0.005), a relationship also seen in GAD+/ID+ alone (p=0.03 and 0.015 respectively, N=16). Slow Wave Sleep% (SWS%) was not associated with lesser STICSA-T/S across both groups (p=0.14) but was so in GAD+/ID+ (R= -0.539, p=0.031, N=16). Conclusion GAD+/ID+ versus GAD+/ID-, show greater worry, anxiety sensitivity and somatic anxiety. In GAD, shorter and poorer quality sleep measured retrospectively or averaged longitudinally, as well as greater REM%, are associated with greater somatic and cognitive anxiety. Among those with ID, greater SWS% is associated with less somatic anxiety. Support (if any) R21MH115279, R01MH109638

scholarly journals SAT0623-HPR THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1271.1-1272
Author(s):  
S. Derham ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
E. Dures ◽  
F. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background:Adults with fibromyalgia frequently report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, often referred to as fibrofog. However primary research exploring cognitive dysfunction in the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is very limited (Kravitz and Katz, 2015).Objectives:The aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on the lived experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia, (ii) develop common themes through thematic analysis and (iii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and clinical practice in this area.Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Amed, Scopus and OpenGrey), reference lists of key articles and two high impact qualitative journals were searched from 1990 to November 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary qualitative data exploring the experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist and extracted data analysed using narrative synthesis. SD conducted critical appraisal and data extraction on all included studies. FC, JL and ED reviewed five papers each. All papers were reviewed by two co-authors. Of the 1413 records identified, 15 studies were selected for inclusion.Results:These studies included 208 women and 22 men with fibromyalgia, aged 18 to 72 years and representing seven different countries. Duration of diagnosis was four months to 34 years. Fourteen studies used interviews and one used focus groups. None of the included studies focussed exclusively on cognitive function in adults with fibromyalgia. Three studies identified themes specific to cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia symptoms. The remaining 12 studies presented relevant data intertwined with the overall lived experiences of fibromyalgia.Cognitive dysfunction, as a part of fibromyalgia, was often unpredictable. Problems with memory and concentration that were most commonly reported were emotionally distressing and affected functional and vocational activities. Participants found communication effortful, with a negative impact on work, leisure and social activities. Stress, fear and worry around perceived cognitive changes were commonly expressed. Lost employment or changed work roles and relationships, due to cognitive difficulties, had negative impacts for many participants. The terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog were used interchangeably within the studies, but lacked common definition. This introduced uncertainty around whether participants and authors were describing the same phenomenon.Conclusion:Adults with fibromyalgia experience unpredictable and emotionally impactful difficulties related to cognitive dysfunction. Functional impact was broad-reaching, particularly around work ability and lost employment opportunities. It is unclear how cognitive symptoms in fibromyalgia related to co-morbid symptoms such as pain, fatigue and poor sleep. Further research focusing on the full impact of cognitive function on the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is recommended to inform clinical practice. Research to establish clarity of definition of the terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog within fibromyalgia is highly recommended.References:[1]Kravitz H, Katz R. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: a narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology International. 2015;35(7):1115-25.Acknowledgments:This work is supported by the National Institute for Heath Research [ICA-PCAF-2018-01-078 to SD]Disclosure of Interests:Sandra Derham: None declared, Jenny Lewis: None declared, Emma Dures Grant/research support from: Independent Learning Grant from Pfizer, combined funding for a research fellow from Celgene, Abbvie and Novartis, Paid instructor for: A fee from Novartis to deliver training to nurses., Fiona Cramp: None declared

Dating Violence, Protection Orders, and Gender Inequality: A Cross-state Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Katherine Brandt ◽  
Michelle Johnson-Motoyama
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Teen Dating

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a public health crisis that organizations and individuals in several fields are working to prevent and address. State lawmakers are a group with substantial power to address TDV and intimate partner violence (IPV) through policies including Civil Protection Order (CPO) statutes. Understanding the factors that influence how state legislators craft TDV and IPV policies and how those policies are implemented can lead to policy processes that better serve survivors. Past research suggests the level of gender inequality in a state may be an important influence on TDV policies. This study used a case study approach to compare the processes of adding individuals in dating relationships to CPO statutes in a subset of states ( n = 3) with high, middle, and low levels of gender inequality. Results did not suggest that gender inequality was related to variation between states but rather that it was a larger factor that creates the need for TDV policies at all. Relationships between the state IPV coalitions and lawmakers and the historical moment that laws were considered emerged as important factors in interstate variation. Future research can build on these results by further exploring the role of gender inequality in policy processes with additional states or policies and by examining the factors identified here in greater depth. Implications for practice are also discussed.

A Survey of Faculty Advisers at Student-Run Agencies: Can Organizational Theory Help to Guide Future Research?

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Brooke Borgognoni ◽  
Jan LeBlanc Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Faculty Advisers

This survey of faculty advisers examined major variables and findings of past research on student-run agencies using organizational theory. Larger agencies appeared to offer training in more formalized business procedures among a more diverse client base, found in previous research to be helpful to student-run agency graduates now on the job. Hopefully, results will help future researchers identify which factors may best facilitate specific student performance outcomes at agencies of all types and sizes.

747 Suicidal Ideation Associated with Cognitive Hyperarousal, Rumination and Insomnia in Depressed Perinatal Women

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A291-A292
Author(s):  
Lily Arnett ◽  
David Kalmbach ◽  
Brian Ahmedani ◽  
Bizu Gelaye ◽  
Christopher Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Cognitive Arousal ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Perseverative Thinking ◽  
Perinatal Women

Abstract Introduction This prospective study explored associations among clinical insomnia, nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal, and nocturnal perinatal-focused rumination with suicidal ideation (SI) in perinatal women with mild-to-moderate depression. Methods From late pregnancy through early postpartum, 39 women with depression completed 17 weekly surveys assessing insomnia, depression, suicidal ideation, perceived stress, and three cognitive arousal indices. Results Women with nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal at baseline, relative to those with low nocturnal cognitive arousal, were at greater risk for developing new onset SI in late pregnancy or early postpartum (33% vs 1%). Moreover, nocturnal perinatal-focused rumination was independently associated with SI. SI-risk was highest when women reported clinical insomnia combined with nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal (OR=5.66, p=.037) or perinatal-focused rumination (OR=11.63, p=.018). Daytime perseverative thinking was not uniquely associated with SI. Conclusion Cognitive hyperarousal and perinatal-focused rumination at night are uniquely associated with SI among perinatal women with depression. Moreover, insomnia augments the suicidogenicity of nighttime cognitive activity. Future research should determine whether alleviating nocturnal cognitive arousal, pregnancy- and fetal/infant-related concerns, and insomnia with psychotherapy reduces SI for women with perinatal depression. Support (if any) This study was funded by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (198-FP-18, PI: Kalmbach). Dr. Cheng’s effort was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23-HL13866, PI: Cheng).

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Improves Sleep Quality in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Sukato ◽  
Jason M. Abramowitz ◽  
Marina Boruk ◽  
Nira A. Goldstein ◽  
Richard M. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Poor Sleep

Objective Up to 75% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) suffer with poor sleep quality and reduced quality of life. Endoscopic sinus surgery has demonstrated encouraging results in improving sleep function. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the change in sleep quality after surgery for CRS. Data Sources PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE. Review Methods An electronic search was conducted with the keywords “sinusitis” or “rhinosinusitis” and “sleep.” Studies were included only when adults underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and were evaluated pre- and postoperatively by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), the sleep domain of Sino-Nasal Outcome Test–22, or the sleep domain of Rhinosinusitis Disability Index. Results The database search yielded 1939 studies, of which 7 remained after dual-investigator screening. The standardized mean differences (95% CI) for the ESS, PSQI, and AHI were −0.94 (−1.63 to −0.26), −0.80 (−1.46 to −0.14), and −0.20 (−0.32 to −0.07), indicating large, moderate to large, and small improvements, respectively. All analyses displayed high heterogeneity ( I2 = 95%-99%). Conclusion Sleep quality, as measured by the ESS and PSQI surveys, shows substantial improvement after surgery for CRS, with smaller improvement seen for AHI. Generalizability of our results is limited by high heterogeneity among studies and by broad confidence intervals that cannot exclude small to trivial changes. The findings of this meta-analysis provide insight into the effect of CRS-related endoscopic sinus surgery on sleep quality, which should guide future research direction and counseling of patients in the clinical setting.

142 Prenatal Sleep Quality and Infant Sleep: A Longitudinal Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A58-A59
Author(s):  
Rebecca Burdayron ◽  
Marie-Helene Pennestri ◽  
Elizabeth Keys ◽  
Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen ◽  
Gerald Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Maternal Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Poor sleep quality is common during pregnancy and can increase the risk of adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes. Existing research on the association between prenatal sleep and infant sleep is scarce and has focused on other aspects of prenatal sleep such as sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia symptoms. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association between prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether maternal sleep quality during pregnancy was prospectively associated with infant sleep dimensions, independent of relevant covariates. Methods Participants were a subset of 272 mother-infant dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study. Maternal prenatal sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in early to mid- (M gestational age = 15.12 ± 3.56 weeks) and late- (M gestational age = 32.44 ± 0.99 weeks) pregnancy. Mothers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. The following infant sleep parameters were assessed: sleep duration (day, night, 24-hour), number of night awakenings, and wake after sleep onset. Prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at both pregnancy time points. Other covariates included maternal age at enrollment, infant age, parity, and co-sleeping status. Results Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models revealed that poorer maternal sleep quality during early-to-mid pregnancy did not significantly predict infant sleep parameters after adjustment for covariates (p > .05). However, in late pregnancy, poorer maternal sleep quality significantly predicted shorter 24-hour sleep duration and longer wake after sleep onset, but not daytime sleep duration, nighttime sleep duration, and number of night awakenings (p < .05). Conclusion Study findings advance our understanding of the prospective link between maternal prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep. Results indicate that maternal sleep quality during late gestation may play a role in the development of infant sleep patterns. These findings have important implications for intervention efforts targeting maternal sleep quality during pregnancy. Future research should use objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy, to better elucidate the effects of prenatal sleep quality on infant sleep outcomes. Support (if any) The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

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