scholarly journals Evaluation of biological nutrient removal by anammox in three phase fluidized bed bioreator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pass Through

The purpose of this study was to show the viability of a 0.70 m3 three phase aerobic fluidized bed bioreactor for the denitrification of wastewater by anammox bacteria. The reactor was monitored for 343 days, operating in a batch mode for 50 days, with a continuous flow of wastewater being fed for the remaining 293 days. It was determined that anammox contributed up to 5.5±0.5% of the ammonia removal during the batch mode of operation, and up to 14.2±3.7% of the ammonia removal during the continuous mode of operation. The highest ammonia and total nitrogen removals of 90.9±1.6% and 20.8±4.1% were measured under high recycle rates. Up to 63.1±5.2% and 19.2±7.5% ammonia and total nitrogen removal was observed after a single pass through the reactor. At low COD concentrations and anoxic conditions, ammonia and nitrite were removed simultaneously. Under the evaluated conditions, the reactor was determined to contain anammox bacteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biological nutrient removal by anammox in three phase fluidized bed bioreator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pass Through

The purpose of this study was to show the viability of a 0.70 m3 three phase aerobic fluidized bed bioreactor for the denitrification of wastewater by anammox bacteria. The reactor was monitored for 343 days, operating in a batch mode for 50 days, with a continuous flow of wastewater being fed for the remaining 293 days. It was determined that anammox contributed up to 5.5±0.5% of the ammonia removal during the batch mode of operation, and up to 14.2±3.7% of the ammonia removal during the continuous mode of operation. The highest ammonia and total nitrogen removals of 90.9±1.6% and 20.8±4.1% were measured under high recycle rates. Up to 63.1±5.2% and 19.2±7.5% ammonia and total nitrogen removal was observed after a single pass through the reactor. At low COD concentrations and anoxic conditions, ammonia and nitrite were removed simultaneously. Under the evaluated conditions, the reactor was determined to contain anammox bacteria.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal via a single-stage PN–Anammox process in a novel combined biofilm reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-mei Han ◽  
Feng-xia Liu ◽  
Xiao-fei Xu ◽  
Zhuo Yan ◽  
Zhi-jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract This study developed a partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for treating high-ammonia wastewater using an innovative biofilm system in which ammonia oxidizing bacteria grew on fluidized Kaldnes (K1) carriers and Anammox bacteria grew on fixed acryl resin carriers. The airlift loop biofilm reactor (ALBR) was stably operated for more than 4 months under the following conditions: 35 ± 2 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5–3.5 mg/L. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached a maximum of 75% and the total nitrogen removal loading rate was above 0.4 kg/(d·m3). DO was the most efficient control parameter in the mixed biofilm system, and values below 1.5 mg/L were observed in the riser zone for the PN reaction, while values below 0.8 mg/L were observed in the downer zone for the Anammox reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization images showed that most of the nitrifying bacteria were distributed on the K1 carriers and most of the Anammox bacteria were distributed within the acryl resin carriers. Therefore, the results indicate that the proposed combined biofilm system is easy to operate and efficient for the treatment of high-ammonia wastewater.

Development and optimisation of VFA driven DEAMOX process for treatment of strong nitrogenous anaerobic effluents

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
M. A. Gladchenko ◽  
Ho Kang ◽  
A. Mulder ◽  
A. Versprille
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

The recently proposed DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation) process combines the anammox reaction with autotrophic denitrifying conditions using sulphide as an electron donor for the production of nitrite from nitrate within an anaerobic biofilm. This paper firstly presents a feasibility study of the DEAMOX process using synthetic (ammonia + nitrate) wastewater where sulphide is replaced by volatile fatty acids (VFA) as a more widespread electron donor for partial denitrification. Under the influent N-NH4+/N-NO3− and COD/N-NO3− ratios of 1 and 2.3, respectively, the typical efficiencies of ammonia removal were around 40% (no matter whether a VFA mixture or only acetate were used) for nitrogen loading rates (NLR) up to 1236 mg N/l/d. This parameter increased to 80% by increasing the influent COD/N-NO3− ratio to 3.48 and decreasing the influent N-NH4+/N-NO3− ratio to 0.29. As a result, the total nitrogen removal increased to 95%. The proposed process was further tested with typical strong nitrogenous effluent such as reject water (total N, 530–566 mg N/l; total COD, 1530–1780 mg/l) after thermophilic sludge anaerobic digestion. For this, the raw wastewater was split and partially (∼50%) fed to a nitrifying reactor (to generate nitrate) and the remaining part (∼50%) was directed to the DEAMOX reactor where this stream was mixed with the nitrified effluent. Stable process performance up to NLR of 1,243 mg N/l/d in the DEAMOX reactor was achieved resulting in 40, 100, and 66% removal of ammonia, NOx−, and total nitrogen, respectively.

scholarly journals Single-Stage Biofilm-Based Total Nitrogen Removal in a Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor: Impact of Aeration Mode, HRT and Scouring Intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf mehrabi ◽  
Dwight Houweling ◽  
Martha Dagnew
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High energy costs, organic carbon availability, and space limitation are some of the barriers faced by wastewater treatment processes. This research investigates the impact of membrane aeration mode, scouring intensity, and loading rate in a single-stage total nitrogen removal process in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR). Under ammonia loading of 2.7 g N/m2.d, continuous process aeration led to 1.7 g NH4-N/m2.d and 0.8 g TN/m2.d removal, respectively. Conversely, intermittent (5/12 min on/off) aeration resulted in 35% less ammonia removal but 34% higher total nitrogen (TN) removal. The MABR under ammonia load of 1.6 g N/m2.d showed an enhanced effluent quality with an average of 2.5 mg/L effluent ammonia concentration. This finding highlights the nitrification potential of a flow-through MABR as a standalone treatment step without any downstream process. Also, slough-off, a common issue in the biofilm process and was hypothesized to reduce the removal efficiency, showed increased ammonia removal rates by 20%. The microbial analysis indicated the dominant AOB and NOB species as Nitrosomonas spp. and Nitrospira spp, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria (40.5%) were found twice in intermittently-aerated MABR compared to the continuously-aerated one (20.5%). However, NOB and denitrifying bacteria relative abundances were comparable where continuous air was supplied.

Enhancement of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal with a Side Stream Biological Nutrient Removal Process

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Sang Eun Lee ◽  
Kwang Soo Kim ◽  
Kap Soo Kim ◽  
Chang Whoe Kim
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

Bench scale experiments and pilot plant studies (20 m3/day) on a side stream biological nutrient removal process (P/L process) were conducted for 3 years using primary effluent of two different sewage treatment plants as influent. The phosphorus removal efficiency was always higher than 90% resulting in an effluent T-P concentration lower than 0.5 mg/l while total nitrogen removal efficiency of the P/L process was less than 50%. However, total nitrogen removal efficiency could be improved to 88% with some modification of the process. The presence of nitrate nitrogen higher than 2 mg/l in the phosphorus stripping tank significantly reduced the phosphorus release in the stripping tank. Phosphorus content of the sludge in the aeration basin was about 30% higher than that of the phosphorus stripping tank, however, phosphorus content in the aeration basin could become higher by recycling portions of the phosphorus rich supernatant to the aeration basin to utilize the phosphorus uptake capacity of the sludge in aerobic conditions more efficiently and also to reduce the alum requirement.

scholarly journals Recirculating aquaculture system with three phase fluidized bed reactor: Carbon and nitrogen removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Andrés Sánchez-Ortiz ◽  
Gloria Lucía Cárdenas-Calvachi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
Three Phase

The core objective of the study was to evaluate the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency in a recirculating aquaculture system for the intensive laboratory-bred rainbow trout. The treatment system consisted of an upflow reactor which operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 and 36 min, a pre-filtration unit with HRT of 4.9 and 9.8 min, a three-phase airlift fluidized bed reactor operated at HRT between 5 and 11 min, a granular unit for the upflow and the fluidized bed reactors effluents filtration with 5.8 and 11.6 min as HRT, and an ultraviolet (UV) unit for the final effluent disinfection. A plastic material was used as support media in the upflow reactor, and granular zeolite with an effective size of 1.30 mm in an 80 g/L constant concentration was used as a carrier for the fluidized bed reactor. Average removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and total nitrogen were 94.4, 91.7, 52.5, 13.4, 1.3 and 6.0% respectively. In the rainbow trout rearing tanks, there was a water volume of 125 L and water exchange rates of 125 and 250 L/h, there were no registered mortalities; the calculated daily weight gains were 1.55 and 1.51 g/day and the final stocking densities were respectively 20.87 and 20.58 kg/m3. The results suggested that the system had the capability to develop a nitrification process for maintaining water quality characteristics within the recommended values for rainbow trout farming, but total nitrogen was not effectively removed due to the weak denitrification process, since there were modest values of nitrite and overall nitrogen removal.

Investigation of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria presence in a small full-scale wastewater treatment system comprised by UASB reactor and three polishing ponds

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Araujo ◽  
M. M. S. Correa ◽  
E. C. Silva ◽  
A. P. Campos ◽  
V. M. Godinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System

This work applied PCR amplification method and Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with primers and probes specific for the anammox organisms and aerobic ammonia-oxidising β-Proteobacteria in order to detect these groups in different samples from a wastewater treatment system comprised by UASB reactor and three polishing (maturation) ponds in series. Seven primer pairs were used in order to detect Anammox bacteria. Positive results were obtained with three of them, suggesting that Anammox could be present in polishing pond sediments. However, Anammox bacteria were not detected by FISH, indicating that they were not present in sediment samples, or they could be present but below FISH detection limit. Aerobic ammonia- and nitrite-oxidising bacteria were verified in water column samples through Most Probable Number (MPN) analysis, but they were not detected in sediment samples by FISH. Ammonia removal efficiencies occurred systematically along the ponds (24, 32, and 34% for polishing pond 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but the major reaction responsible for this removal is still unclear. Some nitrification might have occurred in water samples because some nitrifying bacteria were present. Also Anammox reaction might have occurred because Anammox genes were detected in the sediments, but probably this reaction was too low to be noticed. It is important also to consider that some of the ammonia removal observed might be related to NH3 stripping, associated with the pH increase resulting from the intensive photosynthetic activity in the ponds (mechanism under investigation). Therefore, it can be concluded that more than one mechanism (or reaction) might be involved in the ammonia removal in the polishing ponds investigated in this study.

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