scholarly journals The Seedling Nursery Survey on Leyte Island, the Philippines

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Gregorio Nestor Gregorio ◽  
Steve Harrison ◽  
John Herbohn
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Planting Materials

Private and government nurseries in the Philippines are not delivering high quality planting materials of a wide species base for smallholder forestry, tree farming and reforestation programs in the country. A project supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has been conducted to improve the operational effectiveness of the forest nursery sector in the Philippines. Surveys involving personal interviews of nursery operators, observations of the nursery design and facilities and assessment of seedling quality have been undertaken in Leyte (reported in this paper) and in Mindanao to provide baseline information for designing possible interventions. The Leyte study revealed that the low operational effectiveness of forest nurseries is a result of a combination of social, economic, technical and political factors. The majority of private nurseries are managed by resourceconstrained smallholders with little access to high quality seedling production technologies. Seedling production, both in private and government nurseries, is largely quantity-oriented and the pathway of high quality germplasm is not well developed. Government nurseries operate to provide free seedlings but this scheme results in crowding out the small-scale private nurseries, reducing the operational effectiveness of the private nursery sector. It appears that improving the operational effectiveness of the forest nursery sector in the Philippines requires policy changes to re-organize the operation of private and government nurseries and to strengthen the implementation of existing policies regulating the quality of planting stock from the forest nursery sector.

scholarly journals Profiling Tree Nurseries in Northern Mindanao, the Philippines

2010 ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Immanuel Edralin ◽  
Agustin Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Planting Materials

Forestry nurseries play an important role in supporting small-scale plantations, tree farming as well as government initiated afforestation and reforestation programs. However, some major constraints have been identified in the forestry nursery sector in the Philippines, particularly in the supply of high quality planting materials. This hindrance is being investigated to formulate intervention points as part of a continuing research project on enhancing tree seedling supply via economic and policy changes, funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). This paper presents baseline information regarding the profile of forestry nurseries in the Northern Mindanao region of the Philippines through personal interviews of operators of private, communal and government nurseries. Most nurseries in all three nursery types are operating on a small scale and are strategically situated based on the purpose of their existence. Private nurseries, being business oriented, are located near main roads, as are government nurseries which distribute seedlings mostly without charge but in some cases for sale. Communal nurseries are mostly situated on farms because they cater to the seedling needs of their members and are therefore established far away from main roads. In terms of stability, private and government nurseries are stable compared to communal nurseries which rely on support organizations. When the support ceases communal nurseries also cease to operate. There is no current policy that supports the production and use of high quality seedlings. Intervention points to address these problems are seen as necessary extension efforts in promoting the use of high quality seedlings, thereby creating a strong seedling market, training operators to increase their capability to produce high quality seedlings, and promoting and supporting the forestry nursery industry, including introduction of tree nursery certification.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Communication Campaign on Best Management Practice for Forest Nurseries

2010 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Rotacio Gravoso ◽  
Nestor Gregorio ◽  
Annabelle Gerona ◽  
Jayson Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Best Management Practice ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Forest Nurseries

High quality tree seedlings are critical factors which determine the success of tree plantation projects. To produce high quality seedlings, nursery operators need to apply appropriate nursery management practices. However, tree seedlings produced by nursery operators in the Philippines are often of low quality, due in part to weak organization in the nursery sector and lack of skills in the application of nursery practices among nursery operators. The Q-seedling Project or Seedling Enhancement Project funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) is being implemented in Leyte and Northern Mindanao to remedy this skills gap. The project includes a communication component to promote widespread adoption of best management practice in forest nurseries. Following the strategic communication approach, information dissemination activities in the project are based on the needs of the target users. Training workshops have been held on producing high quality seedlings. Also, communication materials have been developed for nursery operations, including a training guide, videos instructional posters on Q-seedling production technologies, and a jingle about Q-seedlings. This paper describes the design and use of these communication materials.

scholarly journals Ensuring Seedling Quality through Fruit Tree Nursery Accreditation and Implications for Forest Nursery Accreditation

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Don Immanuel Edralin ◽  
Agustin Mercado
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tree Nursery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Planting Materials

he fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme implemented by the Philippine Department of Agriculture has been promoted to enhance the supply of high quality fruit tree planting materials and reduce the number of dubious seedling market players. This paper examines the advantages to participating nurseries in the fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme and draws implications for possible formulation of a scheme to accredit forest tree nurseries in the Philippines. Data were collected from interviews with accredited fruit tree nursery operators and the nursery accreditation officer-in-charge in Northern Mindanao province. A major advantage of nursery accreditation is that only accredited fruit tree nursery operators can participate in the bidding process of the government seedling procurement program, which always involves a substantial volume of seedlings. As a form of advertisement, accredited nurseries are posted on the government website thus creating a wide range of market opportunities which results in increased sales. Other advantages enjoyed by accredited fruit tree nurseries include receiving free training in improving seedling production and occasionally receiving high quality propagation materials (scions and seedlings), subsidies for pesticides and fertilizers and free soil tests. Observations of advantages gained by nursery operators adopting certification have encouraged other nursery operators to apply for accreditation. Accreditation by the Department of Agriculture places emphasis on maintaining high genetic quality as well as high physical quality of planting materials. Accrediting forestry nurseries is seen as a potential policy option that can expand the supply of high quality tree seedlings in the Philippines, as has been the experience with fruit tree nursery certification.

scholarly journals Review of Current Nursery Accreditation and Seedling Certification Systems for Forest and Fruit Trees in Leyte and Samar Islands, the Philippines

2010 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mangaoang
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Planting Stock

Forest nursery and seedling production in Leyte and Samar has been an unsustainable development and livelihood undertaking, the focus of which has been solely to serve the usual funded reforestation projects that merely recognize quantity rather than quality of planting materials produced. As a consequence, forest nursery and seedling production has never been established as a sustainable business venture, particularly at the smallholder and local community level. Forest nursery accreditation and planting stock certification is believed to be a sound strategy that can promote high quality forest tree seedling production which would eventually establish the activity as a lucrative livelihood venture especially for smallholders and local communities. The nursery accreditation and planting material certification experiences for fruit and forest trees in Leyte and Samar provide a useful basis and guide in developing and formalizing a system suitable for forest nursery accreditation and planting stock certification. The DA-BPI and DBP accreditation systems can serve as a guide in framing-up the physical standard for a viable and sustainable forest nursery business, with necessary consideration for smallholder operators. Both, however, lack the necessary technical menu and the required best management practices that are crucial in coming up with an improved nursery accreditation and planting stock certification scheme that is achievable and affordable, particularly for smallholder nursery operators.

scholarly journals Observations of Forestry Seedling Production Systems in Thailand and Vietnam

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Steve Harrison ◽  
Nestor Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Visits to forestry agencies and seedling nurseries in Thailand and Vietnam revealed an impressive level of progress in regard to both industrial and small-scale forestry. In both countries, reforestation is accorded high priority, the government is a major player in nursery seedling production, and a high level of technology is used in producing seedlings. Universities also play an active role in forestry seedling production. The visit provided valuable lessons for seedling production systems in the Philippines, including information about the roles of government versus private nurseries and about seedling quality and nursery accreditation.

A Preliminary Assessment on the Herpetofaunal Diversity of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape (TVPL), Batangas Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Taal Volcano ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Study Sites

The Taal Volcano Protected Landscape (TVPL) encompasses a prehistoric volcano caldera that caters to many documented endemic species. Although regarded as a unique area with the potential to house a diverse ecological community, biodiversity research in TVPL is still found wanting. The present paper aims to provide baseline information and increase research interests on the herpetofaunal diversity of TVPL, in light of its many undocumented terrestrial faunal species. Twelve study sites within the municipalities of Tanauan, Mataasnakahoy, and Balete were visited during survey trips from May to November 2015. A combination of transect and opportunistic sampling techniques were utilized, with morphometric data and sexual maturity recorded for each specimen collected. This preliminary survey provided 24 newly documented species of amphibians and reptiles occurring within TVPL. A total 10 frog species (from families Bufonidae, Ceratobatrachidae, Microhylidae, Dicroglossidae, Ranidae, and Rhacophoridae) and 14 reptile species (from families Agamidae, Gekkonidae, Scincidae, Varanidae, Acrochordidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, and Tryonychidae) were documented. Of the reptiles recorded, 3 are endemic species and widespread throughout the Philippines: Gekko mindorensis, Hydrosaurus pustulatus, and Draco spilopterus. Also recorded were the Philippine endemic frogs Kaloula picta and Limnonectes woodworthi along with the Luzon endemics Platymantis mimulus and Varanus marmoratus. The species-effort curve of amphibians showed a distinct plateau whereas the species-effort curve of reptiles has shown an increasing trend suggesting that additional sampling efforts should be done in the area to further increase knowledge of the TVPL herpetofaunal diversity.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

scholarly journals Accurate age estimation in small-scale societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. 8205-8210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Diekmann ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Pascale Gerbault ◽  
Mark Dyble ◽  
Abigail E. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Ranking Order

Precise estimation of age is essential in evolutionary anthropology, especially to infer population age structures and understand the evolution of human life history diversity. However, in small-scale societies, such as hunter-gatherer populations, time is often not referred to in calendar years, and accurate age estimation remains a challenge. We address this issue by proposing a Bayesian approach that accounts for age uncertainty inherent to fieldwork data. We developed a Gibbs sampling Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that produces posterior distributions of ages for each individual, based on a ranking order of individuals from youngest to oldest and age ranges for each individual. We first validate our method on 65 Agta foragers from the Philippines with known ages, and show that our method generates age estimations that are superior to previously published regression-based approaches. We then use data on 587 Agta collected during recent fieldwork to demonstrate how multiple partial age ranks coming from multiple camps of hunter-gatherers can be integrated. Finally, we exemplify how the distributions generated by our method can be used to estimate important demographic parameters in small-scale societies: here, age-specific fertility patterns. Our flexible Bayesian approach will be especially useful to improve cross-cultural life history datasets for small-scale societies for which reliable age records are difficult to acquire.

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