scholarly journals Heavy Metals Content of Two Red Soils in Samar, Philippines

2011 ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Navarrete ◽  
Victor Asio
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Cd

The study evaluated the total and available heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn) contents of two red soils in Samar, Philippines, one developed from slate near a mining site (Bagacay soil) and the other from serpentinite (Salcedo soil), a well-known source of heavy metals. Soil samples were collected from every horizon in each profile and samples were digested using aqua regia and NH4NO3 to determine total and available heavy metals content, respectively. Results revealed that Salcedo soil had high contents of total Cr (average: 1353 mg kg-1), total Ni (average: 610 mg kg-1), and available Cr (average: 0.19 mg kg-1) that exceeded the maximum allowable contents in agricultural soils but it had low amounts of the available form of the heavy metals. Bagacay soil showed very low contents of both total and available heavy metals due to their low amounts in the parent rock. The red Bagacay soil showed no effect of the nearby mining activity.

Quantification of heavy metals in agricultural soils: the influence of sieving in standard analytical methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Karine Boulet ◽  
Adelcia Veiga ◽  
Carla Ferreira ◽  
António Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Pre Treatment

<p>Conservation of agriculture soils is a topic of major concern, namely through the increase of soil organic matter. SoilCare project (https://www.soilcare-project.eu/) aims to enhance the quality of agricultural soils in Europe, through the implementation and testing of Soil Improving Cropping Systems in 16 study sites. In Portugal, the application of urban sewage sludge amendments in agriculture soils has been investigated. However, this application is a sensitive topic, due to the risk of long term accumulation of heavy metals and consequent contamination of the soil. The recent Portuguese legislation (Decret-Law 103/2015) is more restrictive than the precedent one (Decret-Law 276/2009) in terms of maximum concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural soils. The analytical quantification of heavy metals, however, raises some methodological questions associated with soil sample pre-treatment, due to some imprecisions in standard analytical methods. For example, the ISO 11466 regarding the extraction in Aqua Regia provides two pre-treatment options: (i) sieve the soil sample with a 2 mm mesh (but if mass for analyses is <2g, mill and sieve the sample <250µm is required), or (ii) mill and sieve the soil sample through a 150µm mesh. On the other hand, the EN 13650 requests soil samples to be sieved at 500µm. Since heavy metals in the soil are usually associated with finer particles, the mesh size used during the pre-treatment of soil samples may affect their quantification.</p><p>This study aims to assess the impact of soil particle size on total heavy metal concentrations in the soil. Soil samples were collected at 0-30cm depth in an agricultural field with sandy loam texture, fertilized with urban sludge amendment for 3 years. These samples were then divided in four subsamples and sieved with 2mm, 500µm, 250µm and 106µm meshes (soil aggregates were broken softly but soil wasn’t milled). Finer and coarser fractions were weighted and analyzed separately. Heavy metals were extracted with Aqua Regia method, using a mass for analyze of 3g, and quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometer with graphite furnace (Cd) and flame (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr).</p><p>Except for Cu, heavy metals concentrations increase linearly with the decline of the coarser fraction. This means that analyzing heavy metals content only in the finest fractions of the soil leads to an over estimation of their concentrations in the total soil. Results also show that coarser fractions of soil comprise lower, but not negligible, concentrations of heavy metals. Calculating heavy metal concentrations in the soil based on the weighted average of both fine and coarse fractions and associated concentrations, provide similar results to those driven by the analyses of heavy metals in the <2mm fraction. This indicates that milling and analyzing finer fractions of the soil did not influence the quantification of heavy metals in total soil. Clearer indications on analytical procedures should be provided in analytical standards, in order to properly assess heavy metal concentrations and compare the results with soil quality standards legislated.  </p>

scholarly journals Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils in South Savo province

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. MÄNTYLAHTI ◽  
P. LAAKSO
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Target Values

Increasing concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in agricultural soils are becoming a growing problem in industrialized countries. These harmful elements represent the basis of a range of problems in the food chain, and are a potential hazard for animal and human health. It is therefore important to gauge their absolute and relative concentrations in soils that are used for crop production. In this study the arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in 274 mineral soil samples and 38 organogenic soil samples taken from South Savo province in 2000 were determined using the aqua regia extraction technique. The soil samples were collected from 23 farms.The elements analyzed were arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. The median concentrations in the mineral soils were:As 2.90 mg kg –1, Cd 0.084 mg kg –1, Cr 17.0 mg kg –1, Cu 13.0 mg kg –1, Hg 0.060 mg kg –1, Ni 5.4 mg kg –1, Pb 7.7 mg kg –1, Zn 36.5 mg kg –1. The corresponding values in the organogenic soils were:As 2.80 mg kg –1, Cd 0.265 mg kg –1, Cr 15.0 mg kg –1, Cu 29.0 mg kg –1, Hg 0.200 mg kg –1, Ni 5.9 mg kg –1, Pb 11.0 mg kg –1, Zn 25.5 mg kg –1. The results indicated that cadmium and mercury concentrations in the mineral and organogenic soils differed. Some of the arsenic, cadmium and mercury concentrations exceeded the normative values but did not exceed limit values. Most of the agricultural fields in South Savo province contained only small amounts of arsenic and heavy metals and could be classified as “Clean Soil”. A draft for the target values of arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in “Clean Soil” is presented.;

Evaluation Of Soil Quality And Heavy Metal Contaminants In Agricultural Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
K. Chitra ◽  
◽  
G.B. Kamala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Agricultural Field

Agriculture is an important and significant sector in all the countries. Soil serves as a natural medium for the growth of the plants. Agricultural soil should be periodically tested for the improvement of crops. Soil physicochemical properties indicates the soil nutrient content and characteristics. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in different agricultural soils of Coimbatore were analyzed. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 15 cm from five agricultural field. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in the laboratory using standard protocols. Different agricultural soil samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS and salinity. Macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were estimated. Micronutrients like sodium and potassium also estimated for all the samples. Heavy metals like nickel, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper and manganese were estimated to check contamination status. The results stated that, all the soil samples were acidic in nature. Paddy cultivated soil was slightly alkaline in nature. All the soil samples were non-saline. Micro and macro nutrients were present in optimum level in all the soil samples. Heavy metals were present within their threshold limit and permissible limit. The study concluded that soil physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations varied in five agricultural soils. Soils are good in their physicochemical parameters. This study indicates the quality of agricultural soil and it is useful to farmers regarding the nutritional and contamination status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Katsina state Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ibrahim Yaradua ◽  
Adamu Jibrin Alhassan ◽  
Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Kabir Ibrahim Matazu ◽  
Aminu Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load

This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu).  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 20.195-38.347 ppm), followed by Zn (range: 0.528-1.134 ppm), Pb (range: 0.256-0.627 ppm), Mn (range: 0.261-0.572 ppm) and Cr (range: 0.093-0.344 ppm). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.022-0.043 ppm). For all the site sampled the heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to Muller’s classification,  soil samples from Birchi, Daura, Dutsinma, Kafur and Zango were unpolluted (class 0) while soil samples from Dabai, Funtua, Ingawa, Katsina, Malunfashi and Matazu are moderately polluted (class 1). The result for the enrichment factor has shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Fe, which shows significant enrichment for all the sites sampled all the other heavy metals show deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all soil samples the heavy metal Fe has a CF values range of 1.2861-2.3240, indicating that the Agricultural soil samples are moderately contaminated with Fe. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution, with the sampling site for Katsina displaying the highest PLI value while the sampling site of Ingawa has the lowest PLI. The Eri values for all samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk.  The results suggest that the Agricultural soils samples from Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.Key words: Agricultural soils, Heavy metals, Katsina state, Pollution load index, Contamination factor.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

Heavy metals, radionuclides activity and mineralogy of soil samples from an artisanal gold mining site in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: implications on human and environmental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasun Tunde Ogundele ◽  
Oladotun Afolabi Oluwajana ◽  
Abimbola Chris Ogunyele ◽  
Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Artisanal Gold Mining

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals in soils of a vineyard region with the use of principal component analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Otávio Antônio de Camargo ◽  
José Ruy Porto de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandra Maria Cia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils ◽  
Cu And Zn

Agricultural management with chemicals may contaminate the soil with heavy metals. The objective of this study was to apply Principal Component Analysis and geoprocessing techniques to identify the origin of the metals Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd as potential contaminants of agricultural soils. The study was developed in an area of vineyard cultivation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples were collected and GPS located under different uses and coverings. The metal concentrations in the soils were determined using the DTPA method. The Cu and Zn content was considered high in most of the samples, and was larger in the areas cultivated with vineyards that had been under the application of fungicides for several decades. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were correlated. The geoprocessing techniques and the Principal Component Analysis confirmed the enrichment of the soil with Cu and Zn because of the use and management of the vineyards with chemicals in the preceding decades.

scholarly journals Heavy metal composition of maize and tomato grown on contaminated soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekiya ◽  
A.P. Oloruntoba ◽  
S.O. Ojeniyi ◽  
B.S. Ewulo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract The study investigated the level of heavy metal contamination in plants {maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)} from thirty soil samples of three locations (Epe, Igun and Ijana) in the Ilesha gold mining area, Osun State, Nigeria. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spatial variations were observed for all metals across the locations which was adduced to pH and the clay contents of the soils of each location. The results showed that heavy metals are more concentrated in the areas that are closer to the mining site and the concentrations in soil and plants (maize and tomato) decreased with increasing perpendicular distance from the mining site, indicating that the gold mine was the main sources of pollution. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in plants (tomato and maize) samples were considered to be contaminated as As, Cd and Pb respectively ranged from 0.6 - 2.04 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 5.2 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 3.04 mg kg-1 for tomato and respectively 0.60 - 2.00 mg kg-1, 1.50 - 4.60 mg kg-1 and 0.90 - 2.50 mg kg-1 for maize. These levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables. In conclusion, monitoring of crops for toxic heavy metals is essential for food safety in Nigeria.

scholarly journals In situ immobilisation of heavy metals in soils using natural clay minerals

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Senad Murtić ◽  
Emina Sijahović ◽  
Hamdija Čivić ◽  
Mirza Tvica ◽  
Josip Jurković
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

This study attempted to evaluate the efficiency of zeolite and pyrophyllite ore materials in reducing the mobility of heavy metals in soil near the lignite mining dumps, and consequently in their availability for plants. Extraction of pseudo-total and available forms of heavy metals from soil samples was performed by using aqua regia and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, respectively. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil and plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of this study illustrate that application of zeolite and pyrophyllite could be a suitable technique to reduce heavy metals availability in soils. Zeolite treatments have been shown to be significantly effective in reducing cadmium (Cd) mobility, as well as pyrophyllite treatments in reducing lead (Pb) mobility in the studied soil, regardless of applied rates. The accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of maize grown on soil plots treated by zeolite and pyrophyllite, was found to be lower compared to the untreated plots. This finding was to be expected, considering the effects of these treatments on heavy metals mobility in the studied soil.

scholarly journals Levels of heavy metals in soils and food crops cultivated within selected mining sites in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
David Okechukwu Okeke ◽  
◽  
Jonathan Chinenye Ifemeje ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Health Association ◽  
Health Organization

The level of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Mg, Ca, Hg, Ni, Cr, Zn, Ag, Co, Mo, Se and Al) in soils and food crops (okra, cassava and rice) cultivated within selected mining sites in Ebonyi State, Nigeria were determined using FS240AA Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) according to the method of American Public Health Association (APHA). Soil samples were collected from Enyigba mining site, Ikwo mining site, AmeriAmekamining site, Izza mining site, MkpumeAkwatakwa mining site and MpumeAkwaokuku mining site while the food crop samples (okra, cassava and rice) were collected from the farmlands within the mining sites. Control samples were collected 500m away from the mining destinations were there was no evidence of mining activities on the soils. A total of sixty sub-samples and six control soil samples were collected for this study. Generally, the values of all the heavy metals analyzed for soil and food crop samples were higher than the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), and those from the control site suggesting possible mobility of the metals from mining sites to farmlands through leaching and runoffs. The findings in this study also revealed that the food crops contain heavy metals exceeding the maximum permissible concentration, and could be detrimental to human health when they are consumed.

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