scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Katsina state Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ibrahim Yaradua ◽  
Adamu Jibrin Alhassan ◽  
Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Kabir Ibrahim Matazu ◽  
Aminu Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load

This work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu).  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 20.195-38.347 ppm), followed by Zn (range: 0.528-1.134 ppm), Pb (range: 0.256-0.627 ppm), Mn (range: 0.261-0.572 ppm) and Cr (range: 0.093-0.344 ppm). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.022-0.043 ppm). For all the site sampled the heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to Muller’s classification,  soil samples from Birchi, Daura, Dutsinma, Kafur and Zango were unpolluted (class 0) while soil samples from Dabai, Funtua, Ingawa, Katsina, Malunfashi and Matazu are moderately polluted (class 1). The result for the enrichment factor has shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Fe, which shows significant enrichment for all the sites sampled all the other heavy metals show deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all soil samples the heavy metal Fe has a CF values range of 1.2861-2.3240, indicating that the Agricultural soil samples are moderately contaminated with Fe. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution, with the sampling site for Katsina displaying the highest PLI value while the sampling site of Ingawa has the lowest PLI. The Eri values for all samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk.  The results suggest that the Agricultural soils samples from Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.Key words: Agricultural soils, Heavy metals, Katsina state, Pollution load index, Contamination factor.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Contamination Degree and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Around Active Dumpsite Environment: A Case Study of Ozoro Community, Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
A. N. Ogbaran ◽  
H. Uguru
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
The Government

The use of lowlands for refuse collection point (dumpsite) is a very common practice in Nigeria. However, people cultivated the areas within the vicinity of the dumpsites, without knowledge of the risk of these heavy metals. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the risk of heavy metals pollution of soils within the vicinity of an active dumpsite. Four (4) soil samples (from 4 locations) at a depth of 0–20 cm were collected from the vicinity of the dumpsite. The heavy metals (e.g. iron lead, nickel and cadmium) concentration of the collected soil samples were analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International methods. Pollution indices (contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index) were used to ascertain the level of heavy metals contamination of the dumpsite area. Results obtained from the soil tests revealed that, the dumpsite area had high heavy metals concentrations. The heavy metals concentrations were of this ranged: iron 3420 mg kg-1 to 4323 mg kg-1, lead 28.92 mg kg-1 to 58.84 mg kg-1, nickel 2.89 mg kg-1 to 6.91 mg kg-1, and cadmium from 1.04 mg kg-1 to 2.05 mg kg-1. The heavy metals concentrations ranked as Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd. Pollution indices results showed that cadmium had the highest contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index and geoaccumulation index values, which portrayed that the dumpsite soil was heavily contaminated with cadmium. Results of the correlation showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87) between iron and nickel, indicating that the two heavy metals got their pollution from the source(s). Results obtained from this study will further help the government and environmental regulators to plan and carried out suitable remediation strategies, to clean the environment.

scholarly journals The content of copper and heavy metals in the multilayer soil mud from the Buchim lake under the Buchim mine's waste dump, Republic North Macedonia

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Todor Serafimovski ◽  
Goran Tasev ◽  
Trajce Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Target Value ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Almost All

The intense mineral extraction in mining areas during the last several decades has produced a large amount of waste material and tailings, which release toxic elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to determine in two vertical profiles/sections (1 and 2) the heavy metal contents of samples derived from six samples, three from each section located in the porphyry copper mine Buchim area, Republic North Macedonia. The results have been compared to new Dutchlist (DL) and Kabata-Pendias (KP) standards and the following was concluded: As values ranged 14.985÷60.131 mg kg-1 with 4 samples above the target value of the DL (29 mg kg-1 As) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (5 mg kg-1 As), in that context Co values ranged 11 ÷57 mg kg-1 with 6 values above the target value of the DL (9 mg kg-1 Co) and 5 above standard values given in KP value (12 mg kg-1 Co), Cr with range 29.32÷75.76 mg kg-1 with 6 over KP value (10 mg kg-1 Cr) and none above the target value of the DL (100 mg kg-1 Cr), Cu with range 2694÷6749 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (36 mg kg-1 Cu) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Cu), Ni with range 59.57÷105.98 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (35 mg kg-1 Ni) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Ni), Pb with range 27.06 ÷96.08 mg kg-1 with 1 sample above the target value of the DL (85 mg kg-1Pb) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (25 mg kg-1Pb), Zn with range 147÷273 mg kg-1 with 6 over target value of the DL (140 mg kg-1 Zn) and 6 above standard KP value (64 mg kg-1 Zn), V with range 34.44÷92.57 mg kg-1 with 5 over target value of the DL (42 mg kg-1 V) and one above KP value (90 mg kg-1 V).In order to compare the level of contamination, the contamination factor (𝐶𝑓 𝑖 ), degree of contamination (Cd), and pollution load index (PLI) were computed. Serious numbers were found for Cu, as, Zn, Co and Ni, which exceeded standard values at almost all samples from both vertical sections. Compared from section 1 and section 2, pollution load index increased by 13.43%, which in almost all samples was classified as heavily polluted to extremely polluted. The fact that mining activities at the Buchim Mine last for almost 40 years, the presence of heavy metals in soils at a serious level is understandable. The high level of contamination is a result of heavy metal persistence and non-biodegradability.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals with ecological risk of soils in the industrial vicinity of Tangail district, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Proshad ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Tapos Kormoker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soils collected from the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh. In this study, the levels of six heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 15 sampling sites around the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh were assessed. The mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in studied soils were 11.56, 23.92, 37.27, 6.11, 2.01, and 17.46 mg/kg, respectively. Certain indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cif), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), toxic unit analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the ecological risk. The enrichment factor of all the studied metals for all sampling sites were in the descending order of Cd > Cu > As > Pb >Ni > Cr. The contamination factor values revealed that the studied soils were highly impacted by Cd. The pollution load index (PLI) values of Cd were higher than 1, indicating the progressive deterioration of soil due to Cd contamination. In the context of potential ecological risk (PER), soils from all sampling sites showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Sudesh Chaudhary ◽  
Tripti Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Abstract The present study was conducted to assess heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in the National Capital Region, Delhi. A total of 84 soil samples were collected from selected agricultural areas located near industries, national highways, state highways, Yamuna floodplain, residential complexes, and wastewater irrigated soils. Heavy metal concentrations (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pH, and organic carbon (%) were analyzed in the collected soil samples. The average value of pH and organic carbon in the soil samples collected were 7.79±0.49 and 0.53±0.17 percent. Average concentrations of heavy metals in soils were found to be in the order of Fe> Al>Mn> Zn> Ni>Cr> Cu>Pb> Co> Cd with value as 14916.92 mg kg -1 , 13538.87 mg kg -1 , 277.16 mg kg -1 , 74.53 mg kg -1 , 35.34 mg kg -1 , 33.68 mg kg -1 , 22.94 mg kg -1 , 18.45 mg kg -1 , 1.88 mg kg -1 , and 0.92 mg kg -1 . A very high concentration of Fe (6640.09-32650.23 mg kg -1 ), Al (5631-27209.99 mg kg -1 ), Mn (73.8-735.72 mg kg -1 ), Zn (16.45-221.88 mg kg -1 ), Ni (7.63-192.63 mg kg -1 ), and Cr (9.65-127.21 mg kg -1 ) were recorded in agricultural soil samples. The average concentrations of Mn, Ni, and Zn in the soil samples were several times higher than their concentration in Indian natural background soils. A significant potential ecological risk has been noticed in nearly all the agricultural soil samples except for the samples collected nearby residential areas. The contamination factor has shown that most of the soil samples were moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, Fe, and Cr and some soil samples were considerably to strongly contaminated with Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ni. Wastewater irrigated soils showed a moderate to a strong degree of accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Zn).

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Water, Sediments and Algae in River Benue at Jimeta-Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
A A Tyovenda ◽  
S I Ikpughul ◽  
T Sombo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation

Heavy metal pollution of water, sediments and Algae in the upper region of River Benue at Jimeta-Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria was assessed. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe) in the samples were analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer. Pollution parameters such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, pollution load index and geo-accumulation index were evaluated. The result of heavy metal analysis showed that, the concentration (ppm) of the metals in water samples ranged as follows: Pb(0.25-0.50), Hg(0.00-2.00), Ni(0.10-0.31), Cu(0.03-0.13), Cr(0.00-1.33), Zn(0.01-0.04), Mn(0.03-0.06) and Fe(105.15-118.75) respectively. This result when compared with the EPA maximum permissible limits for drinking water showed that, all the metals except Cu and Zn had values above the permissible limits. The evaluation of enrichment factor revealed that, Hg showed extremely high enrichment while Pb showed significant enrichment for Algae, water and sediment samples. The contamination factor showed low contamination for all metals except Hg which showed considerable contamination for sediments, water and Algae samples. The pollution load index for sediments, water and Algae indicated no pollution. The geo-accumulation index of the metals in sediments, water and Algae indicates no or minimal pollution. The samples were enriched with Hg and Pb. These metals are capable of causing various types of cancer, brain and kidney damage among other ailments.

scholarly journals PESTICIDES BIOACCUMULATION AND THEIR SOIL POLLUTANT EFFECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
B. A. Othman ◽  
E. S. Kakey
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Pesticides Residue ◽  
Very High

This study was aimed to investigate pesticides bioaccumulation and their soil pollutant effect. The experiment was included sixteen active greenhouses in Erbil plane, and conducted during September 2017 and March 2018. The present study revealed that the pesticides residue of pyridabine, thiamethoxam, abamectin and spirodiclofen were detected in greenhouse soil samples.   The values of soil heavy metals contaminations factor (CF) revealed, that the studied greenhouse soil samples were ranged from low to very high contamination, while for pesticides were ranged from non to high contaminated. Soil pollution load index results supported that, the greenhouse soil was contaminated especially by Cr, Ni and Co. Pollution load index (PLI) was ranged from 7.751 to 0.303; supporting that the soils were contaminated in most sites. It could be concluded that, significant need for the development of pollution prevention and scientific strategies to reduce heavy metal pollution and pesticide accumulation residuals within greenhouses in Erbil plane.

scholarly journals Pollution Load Index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya Drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad District

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Arti Yadav ◽  
Pawan Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Maximum Accumulation

Wastewater irrigation is practiced in outskirts of several cities of India. Enhanced growth and productivity of crops possess threat of heavy metal accumulation while irrigated with wastewater. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in soil flooded with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini region of Allahabad district, using parameter of contamination factor and pollution load index (PLI). Samples of soil were taken from the fields irrigated with wastewater and analyzed for heavy metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The maximum accumulation of heavy metal was observed for iron in soil. Heavy metal contamination is soil was assessed by estimation of contamination factor which was observed for Cu (0.7858), Fe (296.1864), Zn (0.4304), Pb (1.1661) and Ni (1.8912). Pollution load index (PLI) used for assessment of soil contamination and observed that maximum contamination (PLI, 74.31) was in water stressed conditions of summer. Heavy metals concentration in wastewater and accumulation in soil found within WHO limits in present study which may increase if unmanaged wastewater flooding continued.

Heavy Metal Contamination in the Floodplains Along Mula River, Pune District, Maharashtra State, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Ashwini Supekar ◽  
Ashok Issac ◽  
Ashwini Rane
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Urban Sites

Pre-urban, urban and post-urban stretch of the Mula River in Pune District of Maharashtra (India) is examined for quantification of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd), calculation of the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor (CF). They were estimated from the surface sediments (0-5 cm) at 10 sampling sites along the Mula river. High Cr anomaly (Max. 388.20 ppm) followed by Co (Max. 104.91 ppm), Ni (Max. 167.44 ppm), Cu (Max. 391.35 ppm), Zn (Max. 507.91 ppm) and Cd (Max. 2.38 ppm) is seen at various locations mostly encompassing the urban stretch. PLI is found to be high i.e., >1 in urban sites like Khadki, Kalyaninagar and Kharadi than the rural downstream sites. There is negligible mobility of the heavy metals and the urban floodplains are increasingly accumulating the heavy metals to a highly hazardous level.

Evaluation Of Soil Quality And Heavy Metal Contaminants In Agricultural Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
K. Chitra ◽  
◽  
G.B. Kamala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Agricultural Field

Agriculture is an important and significant sector in all the countries. Soil serves as a natural medium for the growth of the plants. Agricultural soil should be periodically tested for the improvement of crops. Soil physicochemical properties indicates the soil nutrient content and characteristics. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in different agricultural soils of Coimbatore were analyzed. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 15 cm from five agricultural field. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in the laboratory using standard protocols. Different agricultural soil samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS and salinity. Macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were estimated. Micronutrients like sodium and potassium also estimated for all the samples. Heavy metals like nickel, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper and manganese were estimated to check contamination status. The results stated that, all the soil samples were acidic in nature. Paddy cultivated soil was slightly alkaline in nature. All the soil samples were non-saline. Micro and macro nutrients were present in optimum level in all the soil samples. Heavy metals were present within their threshold limit and permissible limit. The study concluded that soil physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations varied in five agricultural soils. Soils are good in their physicochemical parameters. This study indicates the quality of agricultural soil and it is useful to farmers regarding the nutritional and contamination status.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in a former mining area – before and after the end of mining activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Demková ◽  
T. Jezný ◽  
L. Bobuľská
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Factor C

Toxicity and persistence of heavy metals, which are accumulated in the environment as the result of diverse industrial activities, represent serious environmental problem worldwide. The intense mineral extraction in mining areas has produced a large amount of waste material and tailings, which release toxic elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to determine in two time horizons (1997, 2015) the heavy metal contents of samples derived from ten sampling sites located in the former mining area of Central Spiš (Slovakia). In order to compare the level of contamination, the contamination factor (C<sup>i</sup><sub>f</sub>), degree of contamination (C<sub>d</sub>), and pollution load index (PLI) were computed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used in order to detect the relationships among heavy metals. A serious situation was found for Hg, Zn, and Cd, which exceeded limit values at all sampling sites within both studied years. In 1997, the average values of contamination factor have shown very high contamination with all studied heavy metals, and moderate contamination with Co. In 2015, the study area was classified as very highly contaminated with As, Hg, Zn, Cu, considerably contaminated with Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd, while Co contamination was not detected. Since 1997 till 2015 the pollution load index decreased by about 38%, nevertheless even then almost all sampling sites were classified as heavily polluted. Despite the fact that mining activities were stopped or limited at the beginning of the 21<sup>st</sup> century, the presence of heavy metals in soils remains at a serious level. The high level of contamination is a result of heavy metal persistence and non-biodegradability.

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