scholarly journals The Dynamic Construal and Generation of Abstract Coherence with the Framework of Cognitive Reference Point, Target Concept Point and the Processing Mental Path

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Concept ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Point Target ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Text Coherence ◽  
Global Coherence ◽  
Scientific Papers

Langacker’s model of Cognitive Reference Point (CRP) and Wang Yin’s model of Remedied Cognitive Reference Point (RCRP) could be integrated to form a cognitive trinity to construe and generate the text coherence. This trinity framework is composed of cognitive reference point, target concept point and the processing mental path (CTM) within certain semantic domain. This research tested the efficacy of CTM and found it promotes the dynamic construal and generation of local and global coherence in Abstracts of scientific papers. Activating the related information schema and integrating the mental representation with the semantic information embedded in the Abstract sentences, the three-dimensional CTM establishes a cognitive referential framework for Abstract viewers. This CTM framework assists Abstract viewers in efficiently construing and constructing the local and global coherence of Abstracts.

Peaked Encoding of Relative Luminance in Macaque Areas V1 and V2

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1620-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmiao Peng ◽  
David C. Van Essen
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Luminance Change ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Early Visual Cortex

It is widely presumed that throughout the primate visual pathway neurons encode the relative luminance of objects (at a given light adaptation level) using two classes of monotonic function, one positively and the other negatively sloped. Based on computational considerations, we hypothesized that early visual cortex also contains neurons preferring intermediate relative luminance values. We tested this hypothesis by recording from single neurons in areas V1 and V2 of alert, fixating macaque monkeys during presentation of a large, spatially uniform patch oscillating slowly in luminance and surrounded by a static texture background. A substantial subset of neurons responsive to such low spatial frequency luminance stimuli in both areas exhibited prominent and statistically reliable response peaks to intermediate rather than minimal or maximal luminance values. When presented with static patches of different luminance but of the same spatial configuration, most neurons tested retained a preference for intermediate relative luminance. Control experiments using luminance modulation at multiple low temporal frequencies or reduced amplitude indicate that in the slow luminance-oscillating paradigm, responses were more strongly modulated by the luminance level than the rate of luminance change. These results strongly support our hypothesis and reveal a striking cortical transformation of luminance-related information that may contribute to the perception of surface brightness and lightness. In addition, we tested many luminance-sensitive neurons with large chromatic patches oscillating slowly in luminance. Many cells, including the gray-preferring neurons, exhibited strong color preferences, suggesting a role of luminance-sensitive cells in encoding information in three-dimensional color space.

The Brain Stem Saccadic Burst Generator Encodes Gaze in Three-Dimensional Space

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 2602-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion R. Van Horn ◽  
Pierre A. Sylvestre ◽  
Kathleen E. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Brain

When we look between objects located at different depths the horizontal movement of each eye is different from that of the other, yet temporally synchronized. Traditionally, a vergence-specific neuronal subsystem, independent from other oculomotor subsystems, has been thought to generate all eye movements in depth. However, recent studies have challenged this view by unmasking interactions between vergence and saccadic eye movements during disconjugate saccades. Here, we combined experimental and modeling approaches to address whether the premotor command to generate disconjugate saccades originates exclusively in “vergence centers.” We found that the brain stem burst generator, which is commonly assumed to drive only the conjugate component of eye movements, carries substantial vergence-related information during disconjugate saccades. Notably, facilitated vergence velocities during disconjugate saccades were synchronized with the burst onset of excitatory and inhibitory brain stem saccadic burst neurons (SBNs). Furthermore, the time-varying discharge properties of the majority of SBNs (>70%) preferentially encoded the dynamics of an individual eye during disconjugate saccades. When these experimental results were implemented into a computer-based simulation, to further evaluate the contribution of the saccadic burst generator in generating disconjugate saccades, we found that it carries all the vergence drive that is necessary to shape the activity of the abducens motoneurons to which it projects. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the premotor commands from the brain stem saccadic circuitry, to the target motoneurons, are sufficient to ensure the accurate control shifts of gaze in three dimensions.

scholarly journals Discovering new 3D bioprinting applications: Analyzing the case of optical tissue phantoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisela Rodriguez-Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Technology Intelligence ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Tissue Phantoms ◽  
Scientific Papers

Optical tissue phantoms enable to mimic the optical properties of biological tissues for biomedical device calibration, new equipment validation, and clinical training for the detection, and treatment of diseases. Unfortunately, current methods for their development present some problems, such as a lack of repeatability in their optical properties. Where the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing or 3D bioprinting could address these issues. This paper aims to evaluate the use of this technology in the development of optical tissue phantoms. A competitive technology intelligence methodology was applied by analyzing Scopus, Web of Science, and patents from January 1, 2000, to July 31, 2018. The main trends regarding methods, materials, and uses, as well as predominant countries, institutions, and journals, were determined. The results revealed that, while 3D printing is already employed (in total, 108 scientific papers and 18 patent families were identified), 3D bioprinting is not yet applied for optical tissue phantoms. Nevertheless, it is expected to have significant growth. This research gives biomedical scientists a new window of opportunity for exploring the use of 3D bioprinting in a new area that may support testing of new equipment and development of techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Parallax errors in cubic illuminance measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-936
Author(s):  
RA Mangkuto ◽  
Revantino
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Beam Angle ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
True Values ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The cubic illuminance concept has long been proposed to indicate light modelling in three-dimensional space. An issue relatively less discussed with regard to its measurement is the potential error due to the finite size of the cube centred at the reference point, yielding a parallax effect. In short, the measured cubic illuminance around a finite-sized object will differ from the designed values that are based on the assumption that the object is a point in space. This paper therefore aims to determine the frequency distribution of errors in estimating scalar ( Esr) and cylindrical ( Ecl) illuminances, vector to scalar illuminance ratio, and cylindrical to horizontal illuminance ratio, due to finite cube size. General uncertainty principle in measurement is employed by introducing random values of cube length and its spatial position. A linear trend is observed between cubic illuminance on the finite cube and the corresponding true values. The Esr and Ecl are approximated more accurately in the case of a point source with a small beam angle. The cube length also influences the accuracy of the results; larger cube length tends to yield less accurate estimations. To achieve maximum error of 20% in estimating Esr and Ecl for a given source–reference point distance, the cube length should not exceed 15% of such a distance.

Contextual Change in Nigerian Sculpture

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Francis Ebunola Allan Oladugbagbe ◽  
Moses Akintunde Akintonde
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Contemporary Sculpture ◽  
Art Production ◽  
Artistic Heritage ◽  
Contextual Change

In the past fifty years Nigeria has witnessed an almost unparalleled upsurge in three-dimensional art production significantly, sculpture in the round. The emergence of the latter can be traced to pioneer African sculptures whose pieces have been adjudged contribution to world artistic heritage. This paper, therefore, examines the continuity and change in sculpture practice as a result of contact with Western cultures and the artistic influence in form, style, theme and material of contemporary sculpture in Nigeria. Significantly, this paper hopefully serves as reference point for future scholarship on sculpture in Africa, while at the same time assist in formulating critical theories on sculpture practice in contemporary Africa, and Nigeria in particular.  

Moving dim point target detection with three-dimensional wide-to-exact search directional filtering

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxu Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhengrong Zuo ◽  
Weidong Yang ◽  
Xiechang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Target ◽  
Directional Filtering ◽  
Point Target Detection

scholarly journals Pain neuroscience education on YouTube: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Heathcote ◽  
Joshua W. Pate ◽  
Anna L. Park ◽  
Hayley B. Leake ◽  
G. Lorimer Moseley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Target Concept ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pain Education ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Neuroscience Education ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Youtube Videos

AbstractObjectivesThe Internet in general, and YouTube in particular, is now one of the most popular sources of health-related information. Pain neuroscience education has become a primary tool for managing persistent pain, based in part on the discovery that information about pain can change pain. Our objective was to examine the availability, characteristics, and content of YouTube videos providing pain neuroscience education.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of videos on YouTube using the search terms “pain education”, “what is pain”, and “pain brain” in January 2018. Videos were included if they were in English, were under 10 minutes long, and included information on the neuroscience of pain. Videos were coded for i) descriptive characteristics (e.g., number of views, duration on YouTube), ii) source and style, iii) whether or not they addressed seven pre-determined target concepts of pain neuroscience education (e.g., ‘Pain is not an accurate marker of tissue state’), and iv) how engaging they were.ResultsWe found 106 unique videos that met the inclusion criteria. The videos ranged from having four views to over five million views (Mdn = 1163 views), with the three most highly viewed videos accounting for 75% of the total views. Animated videos were much more highly viewed than non-animated videos. Only a small number of videos had been posted by a clearly-identifiable reputable source such as an academic or medical research institution (10%), although a number of videos were posted by healthcare professionals and professional medical societies. For a small number of videos (7%), the source was unclear. We found 17 videos that addressed at least one target concept of pain neuroscience science education, only nine of which were considered to be engaging. The target concept ‘Pain is a brain output’ was considered to be well addressed by the most videos (N = 11), followed by ‘Pain is a protector’ (N = 10). We found only one video that adequately addressed all seven target concepts of pain neuroscience education.DiscussionYouTube contains a variety of videos that practitioners, patients, and families may view to access pain neuroscience education information. A small portion of these videos addressed one or more target concepts of pain neuroscience education in an engaging manner. It is yet to be determined to what extent patients are able to learn information from these videos, to what extent the videos promote behavior change, and thus to what extent the videos may be useful for clinical practice.

scholarly journals PATTIE: Publication access through tiered interaction & exploration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Segundo Ortiz ◽  
Mengqian Wang ◽  
Kazuhiro Seki ◽  
Heejun Kim ◽  
Javed Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Link Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Semantic Information Retrieval

AbstractIn this work we present Publication Access Through Tiered Interaction & Exploration (PATTIE) – an information foraging, sense-making, and exploratory spatial-semantic information retrieval (IR) system (http://pattie.unc.edu/plos). Non-spatial, spatial IR systems, and some recent studies focused on their principal functions are discussed and compared. To interactively work through a use-case from the biomedical domain, instructions are provided for readers to conduct exploratory searches directly on the PLOS archive based on the software embedded in the online version of this paper (http://vzlib.unc.edu/software/). To carefully evaluate some of the critical parameters of the PATTIE algorithm, and the core functions of the implemented system, a set of experiments were conducted. Along with details on the experimental methods and their rationale, key findings from the experiments are analyzed and presented. Finally, with an eye toward the future of software-embedded scientific papers, their potential benefits for supporting direct engagement with scientific content, replication, and validation are discussed.

scholarly journals The Power of Radio to Promote Health and Resilience in Natural Disasters: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hugelius ◽  
Mike Adams ◽  
Eila Romo-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Community Efficacy ◽  
The Impact

Humanitarian radio has been used in humanitarian aid efforts and after natural disasters over the last 15 years. However, the effects have barely been evaluated, and there are few scientific reports on the impact of radio as a disaster health response intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the use and impact of humanitarian radio in natural disasters from a health perspective. A literature review of 13 scientific papers and grey literature resources was conducted. The results show that humanitarian radio could be used to promote both physical and psychosocial wellbeing by providing health-related information, advice and psychosocial support in natural disasters. Community resilience can be enhanced by the promotion of community engagement and can strengthen self-efficacy and community efficacy. Radio also has the potential to cost-effectively reach a large number of affected people in areas with severely damaged infrastructure. Radio could, therefore, contribute to health recovery and wellbeing from both individual and community perspectives. As such, health professionals; crises communication professionals, including radio journalists; and disaster-managing stakeholders should be prepared and trained to use humanitarian radio as an integrated part of the disaster health response in natural disasters.

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