scholarly journals АДАПТАЦІЯ ДО РОЛІ МАТЕРІ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГІЧНЕ ПЕРЕЖИВАННЯ

Author(s):  
Lytvynenko A.O.

Purpose is to substantiate the peculiarities of adaptation to the role of the mother among women with children of different ages in modern conditions.Methods. The article presents guidelines for studying the psychology of motherhood and training in this field. Motherhood is studied in psychology in various aspects, psychological schools and areas. There are many scientific and popular science publications on this issue. Various aspects of maternal behavior are affected in the psychology of personality, in child psychology, pedagogical psychology. The importance of maternal behavior for child development, its complex structure and path of development, the multiplicity of cultural and individual options as well as a huge number of modern studies in this area allow us to speak about the special relevance of studying motherhood as a psychological phenomenon. Results. Differences in the emotional experiences of women associated with the first and second pregnancies are revealed. Both pregnancies caused joyful experiences in most of the women who participated in our study. The news of the first pregnancy was more a source of anxiety and fear. However, later there was a more harmonious attitude of women to the first pregnancy, during the second pregnancy women felt less positive emotions associated with expecting a child, more often experienced anxiety and doubts.Conclusions. It is hypothesized that children of different ages cause different emotional experiences in women. In relation to the first child, mothers more often than to the second, on the one hand, feel delight, pride, and on the other – anxiety and fear. The second child, in comparison with the first, more often causes joy, surprise. Mothers’ perceptions of the personal characteristics of children of different ages have certain features. Mothers perceive the older child as more self-confident, disciplined and independent; mostly treat her as an individual. Women evaluate the youngest child as more extroverted, sociable, open. There are a number of relationships between the characteristics of a woman’s personality and the peculiarities of her attitude to the older and younger child. A woman’s harmonious relationship with her parents has a positive effect on her perception of her own children. Such personality traits as anxiety, self-doubt, low stress resistance, inability to establish interpersonal relationships negatively affect the ability of a woman to harmoniously fulfil the role of mother, her adaptation to the upbringing children of different ages.Key words: psychology of experiences, motherhood, psychology of motherhood, features of adaptation. Мета –обґрунтувати особливості адаптації до ролі матері серед жінок з дітьми різного віку в сучасних умовах. Методи. У статті представлено методичні рекомендації щодо вивчення психології материнства і підготовки фахівців у цій сфері. Материнство вивчається в психології в різних аспектах, психологічних школах і напрямах. Є чимало наукових і науково-популярних видань, присвячених цій проблемі. Різні аспекти материнської поведінки зачіпаються в психології особистості, в дитячій психології, педагогічній психології. Важливість материнської поведінки для розвитку дитини, її складна структура і шлях розвитку, множинність культурних та індивідуальних варіантів, а також величезна кількість сучасних досліджень у цій сфері дозволяють говорити про особливу актуальність вивчення материнства як психологічного феномена. Результати. Виявлено відмінності в емоційних переживаннях жінок, пов’язаних з першою і другою вагітністю. Обидві вагітності у більшості жінок, які взяли участь у нашому дослідженні, викликали радісні переживання. Звістка про першу вагітність більшою мірою була джерелом тривоги, страху. Однак пізніше спостерігалося більш гармонійне ставлення жінок до першої вагітності, під час другої вагітності жінки відчували менше позитивних емоцій, пов’язаних з очікуванням дитини, частіше переживали тривогу, сумніви.Висновки. Запропоновано гіпотезу, що діти різного віку викликають у жінок різні емоційні пережи-вання. Щодо першої дитини матері частіше, ніж до другої, з одного боку, відчувають захват, гордість, а з іншого – тривогу і страх. Друга дитина в порівнянні з першою частіше викликає радість, здивування. Сприйняття матерями особистісних характеристик дітей різного віку має певні особливості. Матері сприймають старшу дитину як більш впевнену в собі, дисципліновану, самостійну, більшою мірою ставляться до неї як до окремої особистості. Молодшу дитину жінки оцінюють як більш екстравертовану, товариську, відкриту. Існує ряд взаємозв’язків між властивостями особистості жінки і особливостями її ставлення до старшої і молодшої дитини. Гармонійні взаємини жінки зі своїми батьками позитивно впливають на її сприйняття власних дітей. Такі особистісні риси, як тривожність, невпевненість у собі, низька стресостійкість, невміння встановлювати міжособистісні відносини негативно впливають на можливості гармонійного здійснення жінкою ролі матері, на її адаптацію до виховання дітей різного віку.Ключові слова: психологія переживань, материнство, психологія материнства, особливості адаптації.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Sun ◽  
Wai Kai Hou ◽  
Pui Hung Hui ◽  
Nicolson Y. F. Siu ◽  
Tiarah Engels ◽  
...  

Positive emotions are linked to numerous benefits, but not everyone appreciates the same kinds of positive emotional experiences. We examined how distinct positive emotions are perceived and whether individuals’ perceptions were linked to how societies evaluate those emotions. Participants from Hong Kong and the Netherlands rated 23 positive emotions on their individual perceptions (positivity, arousal, socially engaging) and societal evaluations (appropriate, valued, and approved of). We found that (1) there were cultural differences in judgements of all six aspects of positive emotions; (2) positivity, arousal, and social engagement predicted emotions being positively regarded at the societal level in both cultures; and (3) positivity mattered more for the Dutch, while arousal and social engagement mattered more in Hong Kong for societal evaluations. These findings provided a granular map of perception and evaluation of distinct positive emotions in two cultures, and highlight the role of cultures in the understanding of how positive emotions are perceived and evaluated.


Author(s):  
Igor Zhigarenko

The presented research direction is focused on modeling of interpersonal communication in professions of socio-economic type. The relevance of studying the problem of psycholinguistic peculiarities of modeling interpersonal communication in professions of the socio-economic type is conditioned by the increasing role of professionalism in the information society; the emergence of new communicative professions of the socio-economic type; changing socially approved norms of the role behavior of professionals of the socio-economic profession, especially those related to interpersonal interaction; increasing the share of creative work related to interpersonal relationships; the increasing role of each professional and the need for coordination of actions and understanding of each other by experts from different fields and different social groups; awareness of communication as an important part of effective work in socio-economic professions; formation of new requirements for professionalism, including - communicative competence, as an indicator of the skill of a specialist. As a result of the research, invariant linguistic formulas have been singled out, which help to increase the effectiveness of interpersonal communication in professional socio-economic activity and its correction by influencing the linguistic consciousness of specialists of the socio-economic profile. The empirical data obtained suggest that the structural-semantic features of linguistic dialogue, as mono-rhetorical expression, depend both on the level of linguistic culture and on the personal characteristics of specialists of the socio-economic profile. The area of recognition of professional deformation has been expanded through the study of linguistic formulas, which, on the one hand, preserves the resources of the specialist, avoids the syndrome of professional burnout, on the other - prevents failure in the intercultural communication of specialists socio-economic profile.


2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Philippe ◽  
Robert J. Vallerand ◽  
Joéline Andrianarisoa ◽  
Philippe Brunel

The present research examined in two studies the role of passion for refereeing in referees' affective and cognitive functioning during games. In line with past research on the dualistic model of passion (Vallerand et al., 2003), Study 1 (n1 = 90 and n2 = 148) revealed that harmonious passion (HP) for refereeing was positively associated with positive emotions and the experience of flow during games. Conversely, obsessive passion (OP) for refereeing was unrelated to positive emotions and flow, but was positively associated with negative emotional experiences during games. Study 2 (n = 227) examined referees' affective and cognitive functioning after having committed an important mistake. Results showed that HP was negatively associated with maladaptive affective and cognitive functioning after a bad call, whereas OP was positively associated with such maladaptive functioning, including subsequent poor decision making. In addition, in both studies, most referees reported to be passionate toward refereeing. Finally, results from both studies remained the same after controlling for referees' gender, age, years of experience, and types of sports.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Mariya P. Kalashnyk ◽  
Uriy I. Loshkov ◽  
Oleksandr V. Yakovlev ◽  
Anton O. Genkin ◽  
Hanna S. Savchenko

Musically-acoustic thesaurus is a complex structure which composition of multiple parts is effectuated by multiple channels of receiving information from the outside and ways of manipulation with it. The manipulation is turning of separate facts into systematic knowledge stored in memory. Musically-acoustic thesaurus of collective and individual consists of two groups with duplex connection which are the knowledge of the world as a sonic phenomenon and of human auditory activity and the experience of absorbing the information received, principles of manipulation with it. They fulfill inherent inclination of individual towards usage of auditory images as a requirement for appearance of musical ones. All the sonorities are bracketed in two groups: extra-musical and musical itself. The latter group consists of musical units of acoustically-sonic environment, having utility, practical significance for a person, allowing orientation in given spacetime. At the same time, they are potentially opened to emotional experiences and aesthetic approach towards them. Acoustically-sonic environment possesses basic traits of organization, being reflected in mind by such characteristics as cyclicity, variability, combinationalism, montage structure, simultaneity, interdependency of shape and background.


2020 ◽  
pp. 105960112095928
Author(s):  
Elana Feldman ◽  
David Greenway

Work interruptions are now ubiquitous in organizational life. However, our knowledge about how individuals experience work interruptions remains incomplete. Prior research has linked work interruption events to negative emotions, but scholars have yet to consider if—and when—such events might generate positive emotions. To explore this possibility, we adopted a temporal lens. Conceptualizing interruptions as emotionally charged events that involve changes to people’s time use, we conducted a qualitative field study of 251 work interruptions. Our inductive analysis revealed that many interruptions are experienced positively rather than negatively and that some are experienced neutrally (i.e., with no emotion). We found that this variation can be explained, in part, by four subjective temporal perceptions: time worthiness, timing, duration, and task expectedness. We also identified two contextual factors— relational context and work context—that moderate the effects of these temporal perceptions. Overall, our study underscores that emotional experiences of work interruptions vary far more widely that prior research suggests, identifies subjective temporal perceptions as key drivers of differing interruption experiences, and adds contextual richness to theories of interruptions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Sun ◽  
Wai Kai Hou ◽  
Bryant P. H. Hui ◽  
Nicolson Yat-Fan Siu ◽  
Tiarah Engels ◽  
...  

Positive emotions are linked to numerous benefits, but not everyone appreciates the same kinds of positive emotional experiences. We examine how distinct positive emotions are perceived and whether individuals’ perceptions are linked to how societies evaluate those emotions. Participants from Hong Kong and Netherlands rated 23 positive emotions based on their individual perceptions (positivity, arousal, and socially engaging) and societal evaluations (appropriate, valued, and approved of). We found that (1) there were cultural differences in judgments about all six aspects of positive emotions; (2) positivity, arousal, and social engagement predicted emotions being positively regarded at the societal level in both cultures; and (3) that positivity mattered more for the Dutch participants, although arousal and social engagement mattered more in Hong Kong for societal evaluations. These findings provide a granular map of the perception and evaluation of distinct positive emotions in two cultures and highlight the role of cultures in the understanding how positive emotions are perceived and evaluated.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


Author(s):  
Magdalena Obermaier ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Christian Baden

Abstract. Opinion polls are a well-established part of political news coverage, especially during election campaigns. At the same time, there has been controversial debate over the possible influences of such polls on voters’ electoral choices. The most prominent influence discussed is the bandwagon effect: It states that voters tend to support the expected winner of an upcoming election, and use polls to determine who the likely winner will be. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect. In addition, we inquired into the role of past electoral performances of a candidate and analyzed how these (as well as polls) are used as heuristic cues for the assessment of a candidate’s personal characteristics. Using an experimental design, we found that both polls and past election results influence participants’ expectations regarding which candidate will succeed. Moreover, higher competence was attributed to a candidate, if recipients believe that the majority of voters favor that candidate. Through this attribution of competence, both information about prior elections and current polls shaped voters’ electoral preferences.


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