EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON THE RATE OF EXCRETION OF ETHANOL BY KIDNEYS

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Beschasnyi S.P. ◽  
Lysenko E.M. ◽  
Hasiuk O.M. ◽  
Erlish О.О.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Co Intoxication ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is colourless, odourless, and has the potential to cause momentaryhypoxia by bonding with heme-inspired proteins. Because of these properties, it causes the highest number of toxications. Due to its properties, this gas causes damage to the nervous and cardiovascular system. The development of anoxia is associated with the impact on the system of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and the development of oxidative stress in the body. The body produces a small amount of carbon monoxide as a result of erythrocyte breakdown. Picomolar concentrations of carbon monoxide even have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic,cytoprotective and antiproliferative properties. Kidney is one of the first organs,that responds to the occurrence of hypoxia, are responsible for the removal of products of metabolism and toxicants, including ethanol. For the study, the blood and urine samples were taken from patients with acute intoxication. The amount of methemoglobin in the blood was determined by spectrophotometric method. The concentration of ethanol in blood and urine was measured by gas-liquid chromatography method. The correlation analysis showed that carbon monoxide affects the rate of excretion of ethanol from the body. Among individuals under 40 years of age, there was a correlation between the level of carbon monoxide and the amount of ethanol in the blood. Among older adults this correlation was not established. A direct correlation with the level of this gas in the blood and the level of ethanol in the urine among people under 40 years of age was found. Among older individuals, the opposite was observed –a high level of methemoglobin was responsible for the decreased level of ethanol. There were no correlations between methemoglobin level and age. Comparison of the studied indices did not show any sexual differences in ethanol excretion, but there were age specific features: ethanol excretion under the influence of carbon monoxide among people under 40 years old was more accelerated.Key words:hypoxia, CO intoxication, blood, methemoglobin, kidneys. Монооксид карбону являє собою токсичний газ, який не має кольору,без запаху та здатен спричиняти миттєву гіпоксію шляхом зв’язування з гем-вмісними білками. Через такі властивості він спричиняє найбільшу кількість отруєнь. Цей газ,завдяки своїм властивостям,спричиняє ураження нервової та серцево-судинної системи. Розвиток аноксії пов’язаний із впливом на систему окисного фосфорилювання у мітохондріях та розвиткомоксидативного стресу. В організмі продукується невелика кількість ендогенного монооксиду карбону внаслідок розпаду еритроцитів. Пікомолярні концентрації монооксиду карбону навіть володіють протизапальними, антиапоптичними, цитопротекторними та антипроліферативними властивостями. Нирки є одним із перших органів, який реагує на розвитокгіпоксії, вони відповідають за видалення продуктів метаболізму й токсикантів, зокрема етанолу.Зміни у функціонуванні нирок відображаються на загальному стані організму.Для дослідження отримували зразки крові та сечі від осіб із гострою інтоксикацією. У крові спектрофотометричним методом визначали вміст метгемоглобіну, який утворювався внаслідок вдихання монооксиду карбону та відповідного потрапляння до кровоносної системи. Методом газово-рідинної хроматографії вимірювали концентрацію етанолу у крові та сечі. Розрахунок кореляційних зв’язків показав, що монооксид карбону впливає на швидкість екскреції етанолу. У осіб до 40 років спостерігалася кореляція між показником рівня метгемоглобінута вмістом етанолу у крові. У осіб старшого віку цього зв’язку не встановлено. Виявлено прямий зв’язок із рівнем цього газу у крові та рівнем етанолу в сечі у осіб до 40 років. У осіб старшого віку спостерігалася зворотня реакція–високий рівень метгемоглобінуобумовлював зниження рівня етанолу. Кореляційні зв’язки між вмістом метгемоглобіну та віком не було виявлено. Порівняння досліджуваних показників не виявило статевих відмінностей у екскреції етанолу, проте виявлено вікові особливості: екскреція етанолу в умовах впливу монооксиду карбону в осіб до 40 років була більш пришвидшена.Таким чином, можна стверджувати, що монооксид карбону обумовлює зміни у функціональній активності нирок.Ключові слова:гіпоксія, інтоксикація СО, кров, метгемоглобін, нирки.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES RESIDUES ACCUMULATION IN MELLIFEROUS PLANTS, BEE POLLEN AND HONEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kasianchuk ◽  
O. Berhilevych ◽  
I. Negay ◽  
L. Dimitrijevich ◽  
T. Marenkova
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
National Level ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
High Level

Honey is natural product, which is produced by honeybees and due to contain of minerals, vitamins, simple sugars, organic acids, antioxidants and enzymes, it is considered as product with good nutritional and therapeutic properties. All beneficial characteristics of honey are reduced if it is contaminated with extraneous chemicals include pesticides. The purpose of this research was to study pesticides residues accumulation in the flowers of different types of melliferous plants, bee pollen and honey obtained from Odessa Region during 2015–2017 years. A total of 121 samples of flowers of melliferous plants and trees, 78 samples of bee pollen and 104 samples of honey were investigated with gas-liquid chromatography method. We found that all investigated samples were positive to such organochlorine pesticides as α, β, γ–isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane and its derivatives in different concentration. Our studies determined that high level of organochlorine pesticides was in samples of sunflower flowers whith average concentrations of α, β, γ–isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane 7.51±0.04 μg/kg, and DDT 6.98±0.02 μg/kg. Flowers of buckwheat and others field herbs (including as wild herbs as fodder crops) had even less concentration of these pesticides. Besides, the obtained results show that in the flowers of fruit trees (cherry, apple, pear, cherry, peach, cherry plum) had less concentration of studied pesticides in compere to forest trees (white acacia, linden). The results of bee pollen and honey samples examination have shown the same situation. The highest concentration of α, β, γ–isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane was in sample from sunflower origine with average consentration 3.52±0.05 and 3.77±0.03 μg/kg in bee pollen, 2.74±0.01 and 2.53±0.03μg/kg in honey respectively. However, the detected concentrations of pesticide residues in all samples were lower than the maxim admissibile limits, according to national and EU standards. Despite this, we suggest that regularly monitoring of pesticide residues in melliferous plants and apiculture products at national level need to grantee of quality and safety of honey and protection of consumers` health.

Making Up 3D Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiona Hagen Niehaus ◽  
Rebecca Fiebrink
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the process of developing a software tool for digital artistic exploration of 3D human figures. Previously available software for modeling mesh-based 3D human figures restricts user output based on normative assumptions about the form that a body might take, particularly in terms of gender, race, and disability status, which are reinforced by ubiquitous use of range-limited sliders mapped to singular high-level design parameters. CreatorCustom, the software prototype created during this research, is designed to foreground an exploratory approach to modeling 3D human bodies, treating the digital body as a sculptural landscape rather than a presupposed form for rote technical representation. Building on prior research into serendipity in Human-Computer Interaction and 3D modeling systems for users at various levels of proficiency, among other areas, this research comprises two qualitative studies and investigation of the impact on the first author's artistic practice. Study 1 uses interviews and practice sessions to explore the practices of six queer artists working with the body and the language, materials, and actions they use in their practice; these then informed the design of the software tool. Study 2 investigates the usability, creativity support, and bodily implications of the software when used by thirteen artists in a workshop. These studies reveal the importance of exploration and unexpectedness in artistic practice, and a desire for experimental digital approaches to the human form.

scholarly journals Lipemia in the Plasma Sample Affects Fentanyl Measurements by Means of HPLC-MS2 after Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4514
Author(s):  
Marta Tikhomirov ◽  
Tomasz Śniegocki ◽  
Błażej Poźniak
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
The Impact

Examination of fentanyl levels is frequently performed in certain scientific evaluations and forensic toxicology. It often involves the collection of very variable blood samples, including lipemic plasma or serum. To date, many works have reported the methods for fentanyl detection, but none of them have provided information about the impact on the assay performance caused by an excessive amount of lipids. This aspect may be, however, very important for highly lipophilic drugs like fentanyl. To address this issue, we developed the liquid chromatography method with mass spectrometry detection and utilized it to investigate the impact of lipids presence in rabbit plasma on the analytical method performance and validation. The validation procedure, conducted for normal plasma and lipemic plasma separately, resulted in good selectivity, sensitivity and linearity. The limits of detection and quantification were comparable between the two matrices, being slightly lower in normal plasma (0.005 and 0.015 µg/L) than in lipemic plasma (0.008 and 0.020 µg/L). Liquid–liquid extraction provided a low matrix effect regardless of the lipid levels in the samples (<10%), but pronounced differences were found in the recovery and accuracy. In the normal plasma, this parameter was stable and high (around 100%), but in the lipemic matrix, much more variable and less efficient results were obtained. Nevertheless, this difference had no impact on repeatability and reproducibility. In the present work, we provided reliable, convenient and sensitive method for fentanyl detection in the normal and lipemic rabbit plasma. However, construction of two separate validation curves was necessary to provide adequate results since the liquid-liquid extraction was utilized. Therefore, special attention should be paid during fentanyl quantification that involves lipemic plasma samples purified by this technique.

scholarly journals Imbalance of n6/n3 fatty acids in the training period and after competition in cross-country Skiers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lyudinina ◽  
Evgeny Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids

The aim of the study was to investigate the level of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in athletes into the training period and after endurance race (n=15 high-trained male cross-country skiers, real members of national skiing team). The PUFAs in plasma was determined by the gas-liquid chromatography method. Results demonstrate a deficiency of plasma level of the n-3 PUFA of the almost all skiers during the training period. Competition activity modified the essential PUFA profile in blood across more twice increase of the n-3 docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) (p=0.112) and n-3 alpha-linolenic (ALA) (p=0.048) levels and decrease n-6 PUFA relative to baselines, which expressed in a decrease in n6/n3 ratio (p=0.017). Relationships between n-3/n-6 ratio and base heart rate, diastolic pressure and Maximal oxygen uptake, show on the significant role essential PUFAs in regulation of the cardiovascular system in cross-country skiers.

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of agricultural tractor seat cushion materials to the level of exposure to vibration

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Cvetanovic ◽  
Dragan Cvetković ◽  
Momir Praščević ◽  
Miljan Cvetković ◽  
Milan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Seat Cushion ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Tractor Engine

During everyday operations with tractors, drivers are exposed to harmful effects of various factors. In addition to unfavourable temperature and humidity, dust and noise, one of the factors harmful to driver’s health is vibrations. They come from the tractor engine and from the roughness of the ground and are transferred to the cab and through the seat to the body of the driver. In case of high level magnitude vibrations and a long period of exposure to them, many health problems occur. The harmful effect of the vibrations is especially obvious in older models of tractors. High intensities of vibrations (above permitted limits) were found during the measurements of vibrations at the driver seat in such tractors. This study is an attempt to reduce the vibration levels using various vibration-absorbing components, such as cushions, at driver’s seat. The results of the measurements showed that the vibration levels were significantly lower in comparison to original seats.

Classification and research of food gas liquid chromatography method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1008-1019
Author(s):  
Kurbonkul Mavlankulovich Karimkulov ◽  
Ikromjon Esanboyevich Uzoha ◽  
Madraim Khasanovich-Sarikulov ◽  
Azada Abdurakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

Etude par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de substances volatiles issues du bois de chêne

OENO One ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
F. Marsal ◽  
Ch. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Phase Gazeuse ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

<p style="text-align: justify;">Une méthode de dosage par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de substances cédées par le bois de chêne (furfural, méthyl-5 furfural, alcool furfurylique, <em>cis </em>et <em>trans </em>β-méthyl γ-octalactone) est mise au point. On suit l'évolution de ces substances dans les solutions synthétiques et dans les vins.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A gas-liquid chromatography method for determination of volatile compounds of oak wood barrels (furfural, 5-methyl furfural, furfuryl alcohol, <em>cis</em> and <em>trans </em>β-methyl γ-octalactone) is described. We study the evolution of these substances in synthetic solutions and wines.</p>

Simplified Gas Chromatographic Assay for Paracetamol

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Stewart ◽  
R. G. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

A rapid gas liquid chromatography method has been developed which is suitable for emergency estimations of paracetamol in overdose. The method is compared with a standard ultraviolet method.

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