Runout modelling of gravity-induced pyroclastic density currents at Stromboli volcano (Italy)

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
>Teresa >Salvatici ◽  
Stefano Morelli ◽  
Federico Di Traglia ◽  
Alessio Di Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Runout Modelling

Pyroclastic density currents at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): a case study of the 1930 eruption

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Roberto ◽  
A. Bertagnini ◽  
M. Pompilio ◽  
M. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Aeolian Islands

scholarly journals From hot rocks to glowing avalanches: Numerical modelling of gravity-induced pyroclastic density currents and hazard maps at the Stromboli volcano (Italy)

Geomorphology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Salvatici ◽  
Alessio Di Roberto ◽  
Federico Di Traglia ◽  
Marina Bisson ◽  
Stefano Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Stromboli Volcano

Geological evidence for recurrent collapse-driven phreatomagmatic pyroclastic density currents in the Holocene activity of Stromboli volcano, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 81-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lucchi ◽  
L. Francalanci ◽  
G. De Astis ◽  
C.A. Tranne ◽  
E. Braschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Holocene Activity

scholarly journals Overflows and Pyroclastic Density Currents in March-April 2020 at Stromboli Volcano Detected by Remote Sensing and Seismic Monitoring Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Calvari ◽  
Federico Di Traglia ◽  
Gaetana Ganci ◽  
Flora Giudicepietro ◽  
Giovanni Macedonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Stromboli Volcano ◽  
Volcanic Event ◽  
Lava Flow Field ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
The Impact

Between 28 March and 1 April 2020, Stromboli volcano erupted, with overflows from the NE crater rim spreading along the barren Sciara del Fuoco slope and reaching the sea along the NW coast of the island. Poor weather conditions did not allow a detailed observation of the crater zone through the cameras monitoring network, but a clear view of the lower slope and the flows expanding in the area allowed us to characterize the flow features. This evidence was integrated with satellite, GBInSAR, and seismic data, thus enabling a reconstruction of the whole volcanic event, which involved several small collapses of the summit cone and the generation of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) spreading along the slope and on the sea surface. Satellite monitoring allowed for the mapping of the lava flow field and the quantification of the erupted volume, and GBInSAR continuous measurements detected the crater widening and the deflation of the summit cone caused by the last overflow. The characterization of the seismicity made it possible to identify the signals that are associated with the propagation of PDCs along the volcano flank and, for the first time, to recognize the signal that is produced by the impact of the PDCs on the coast.

scholarly journals The mysterious grooves of Volcán Bárcena: a review of the role of streamwise counter-rotating vortices during erosion by dilute pyroclastic density currents

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Kieffer ◽  
Eckart Meiburg ◽  
Jim Best ◽  
Joanna Austin
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents

A discriminatory diagram of massive versus stratified deposits based on the sedimentation and bedload transportation rates. Experimental investigation and application to pyroclastic density currents

Sedimentology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 2013-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Dellino ◽  
Fabio Dioguardi ◽  
Domenico Maria Doronzo ◽  
Daniela Mele
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents

Experimental constraints on volcanic ash generation and clast morphometrics in pyroclastic density currents and granular flows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Hornby ◽  
Ulrich Kueppers ◽  
Benedikt Maurer ◽  
Carina Poetsch ◽  
Donald Dingwell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
General Description ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Rotary Drum ◽  
Basal Flow

<p>Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) present perhaps the greatest proximal primary hazard of volcanic activity and produce abundant fine ash that can present a range of health, environment and infrastructure hazards. However, direct, fully quantitative observation of ash production in PDCs is lacking, and little direct evidence exists to constrain the parameters controlling ash generation in PDCs. Here, we use an experimental approach to investigate the effects of starting mass, material density and ash removal on the efficiency of ash generation and concurrent clast rounding in the dense basal flow of PDCs. We employ a rotary drum to tumble pumice and scoria lapilli clasts over multiple transport “distance” steps (from 0.2 to 6 km). We observe increased ash generation rates with the periodic removal of ash during the experiments and with increasing starting mass. By scaling to the bed height and clast diameter we obtain a general description for ash production in all experiments as a function of flow distance, bed height and average clast diameter. We confirm that changes in lapilli shape factors correlate with the ash fraction generated and that the grain size of ash produced decreases with distance. Finally, we estimate shear rate in our experiments and calculate the inertial number, which describes the ratio between clast-scale and flow-scale rearrangement during flow. We show that, under certain conditions, fractional ash production can be calculated accurately for any starting mass solely as a function of the inertial number and the flow distance. This work sheds light on some of the first systematic and generalizable experimental parameterizations of ash production and associated clast evolution in PDCs and should advance our ability to understand flow mobility and associated hazards.</p>

The numerical reconstruction of three past eruptions at Gede volcano (Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Tennant ◽  
Susanna Jenkins ◽  
Annie Winson ◽  
Christina Widiwijayanti ◽  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Eruption Dynamics ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Basal Friction ◽  
Column Collapse ◽  
Hazard And Risk

<p>Understanding past eruption dynamics at a volcano is crucial for forecasting the range of possible future eruptions and their associated hazards and risk. In this work we reconstructed pyroclastic density currents and tephra fall from three eruptions at Gede volcano, Indonesia with the aim of gaining further insight into past eruptions and identifying suitable eruption source parameters for future hazard and risk assessment. Gede has the largest number of people living within 100 km of any volcano worldwide, and has exhibited recent unrest activity, yet little is known about its eruption history. For pyroclastic density currents, we used Titan2D to reconstruct geological deposits dated at 1200 and c. 1000 years BP. An objective and quantitative multi-criteria method was developed to evaluate the fit of over 300 pyroclastic density current (PDC) model simulations to field observations. We found that the 1200 years BP geological deposits could be reproduced with either a dome collapse or column collapse as the generation mechanism although a relatively low basal friction of 6 degrees would suggest that the PDCs were markedly mobile. Lower basal frictions may reflect the occurrence of previous PDCs that smoothed the path, reducing frictional resistance and enabling greater runout for the reconstructed unit. For the 1,000 years BP PDC, a column collapse mechanism and higher basal friction was required to fit the geological deposits. In agreement with previous studies, we found that Titan2D simulations were most sensitive to the basal friction; however, we also found that the internal friction – often fixed and considered of low influence on outputs - can have a moderate effect on the simulated average deposit thickness. We used Tephra2 to reconstruct historic observations of tephra dispersed to Jakarta and other towns during the last known magmatic eruption of Gede in 1948. In the absence of observable field deposits, or detailed information from the published literature, we stochastically sampled eruption source parameters from wide ranges informed by analogous volcanic systems. Our modelling suggests that the deposition of tephra in Jakarta during the November 1948 eruption was a very low probability event, with approximately a 0.03 % chance of occurrence. Through this work, we exemplify the reconstruction of past eruptions when faced with epistemic uncertainty, and improve our understanding of past eruption dynamics at Gede volcano, providing a crucial step towards the reduction of risk to nearby populations through volcanic hazard assessment.</p>

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